上海市地质遗迹特征和地学意义

上海是典型的大河口特大城市,具有全球独特的新构造沉降和河海相互作用及人地相互作用产生的河口海岸地貌遗迹和地面沉降灾害遗迹。基于文献资料、遥感影像和地面调查,笔者等筛选确立了上海市12处地质遗迹集中区,系统阐明了上海境内地质遗迹特征及地学意义。按照产生的时代顺序,上海市地质遗迹类型可划分为火山地貌、海岸地貌、水体地貌和地质灾害4种类型,分别命名为火山岩残丘遗迹、古海岸遗迹、河口三角洲遗迹和地面沉降遗迹。在补充AMS14C测年的基础上,进一步厘清古岸线遗迹的年代,并根据松散沉积物地质构造剖面,揭示了具有明显年代跨度的3种类型地貌遗迹的演化关系。 上海市地质遗迹整体表达了长江河口区0. 12 Ga来地貌格局演化,6 ka以来海陆变迁与文明演替,1. 5 ka以来长江河口演化以及0. 1 ka以来地面沉降灾害的产生与防治。总体而言,上海市地质遗迹蕴含着中国乃至世界大河口区独特的地质演化史和人地关系史。本次研究提出的上海市地质遗迹点多分布在典型、稀有的生态景观区与人文景观区。这样,各类地质遗迹景观及相应的科学解说对于提升区域生态和文化景观价值及地学旅游路线开发具有重要意义。     

海南岛峨蔓火山海岸地质遗迹评价

海南岛西北部儋州市峨蔓地区火山地貌遗迹较多,尤其火山海岸地质遗迹在海岸带分布密集,且保存较好,具有较高地质科学价值.这些地质遗迹是雷琼裂谷火山带的组成部分,在潮汐及地质营力的长期作用下,在潮间带衍生出独特的自然景观,包括火山地貌、海岸地貌、水体地貌、典型地质(地层、岩石)剖面、火山机构和环境地质遗迹.通过实地调查,结合相关资料对峨蔓火山海岸地质遗迹进行分类,并对地质遗迹按照地质科学价值、科普价值、美学价值及旅游价值进行定性评价,通过改进后的Fishbein-Rosenberg模型对地质遗迹进行定量分析.评价分析结果表明,峨蔓火山海岸地貌、地质遗迹景观特色鲜明,在国内较为典型,具备开发建设省级地质公园的基础,是进行地质科学研究和科普教育的极好场所,具有极大的开发价值.     

中国香港国家地质公园的资源类型与建设特色

以香港郊野公园和海岸公园为基础建立的中国香港国家地质公园具有典型而独特的地质遗迹,包括世界罕见的酸性火山岩柱状节理景观,多类的地质构造遗迹,典型的海岸地貌类型和优美的海岛自然风光,已经成为了地质科学知识普及基地和游览胜地.在香港地质公园申报、建设和发展过程中,无论是特区政府还是公园管理者,在许多方面体现了明显的特点.正...     

天津市地质遗迹特征及保护对策研究

天津市地处渤海湾西岸顶端,海河流域下游,区内具有山区、平原、海岸带等地貌单元,地质遗迹资源丰富.为了加强天津市地质遗迹保护、促进天津市经济社会发展、建设生态城市,本文系统分析总结了天津市地质遗迹类型与分布.结合不同类型地质遗迹特征、科学意义及旅游价值,针对北部山地丘陵区地质遗迹、中南部平原区地面沉降地质遗迹、东部海岸带地区海积地貌地质遗迹分别提出了对应的保护对策建议.     

新疆柯坪地区地质遗迹特征及成因初探

通过系统梳理柯坪地区159处地质遗迹点类型、基本特征及成因,对研究新疆地质遗迹分布与特征提供重要信息。其中苏巴什风光、钢锯岭(碎屑岩地貌)、群龙出洞(火山岩地貌)、红沙漠(沙漠地貌)、大湾沟剖面(全球层型剖面类)属"国家级II级"。"钢锯岭"国家级地质遗迹点保存完整;"群龙出洞"为典型的玄武岩柱状节理,分布面积大、保存完整,具有极高的科普价值和美学价值。在对上述地质遗迹点地质构造环境分析的基础上,初步总结其演化形成过程,为该地区独特的地质遗迹资源保护规划及开发利用提供详实资料。     

天津市重要地质遗迹特征及综合分级评价

地质遗迹是自然资源的重要组成部分,妥善处理好高城镇化水平区域的地质遗迹保护与利用的关系,是推动地质文化村建设和新型城镇化高质量发展的生态措施之一。天津市的地质遗迹保护与利用工作因存在调查程度低、家底不尽清晰、分类方案不够规范、缺乏整体评价等问题,未能有效开展。基于对天津市全域地质遗迹调查的最新数据和对以往调查成果的整合梳理,按照《地质遗迹调查规范》（DZ/T 0303—2017）对天津市的地质遗迹进行了类型划分,对其科研价值、观赏价值、保护价值进行了定性分析,采用专家打分和层次分析相结合的方法进行定量评价和等级划分。研究结果表明：天津市重要地质遗迹可分为基础地质、地貌景观和地质灾害等3大类;发育有地层剖面、重要岩矿石产地、岩土体地貌、构造地貌、水体地貌、海岸地貌以及地质灾害遗迹等7类;进一步可分为层型（典型剖面）、典型矿床类露头、侵入岩地貌、碎屑岩地貌、碳酸盐岩地貌、湿地、飞来峰、断层崖、海积地貌、地面沉降等10亚类。通过综合分级评价,认为其中达到世界级标准的有4处,国家级3处,省级8处。上述研究结果可为天津市地质遗迹保护与科学利用提供参考。     

拟建新疆吉木乃草原石城世界地质公园地质景观资源特征

拟建新疆吉木乃草原石城世界地质公园地质遗迹景观资源丰富,类型多样,共计有5大类11类14亚类111处地质遗迹景观,以典型的花岗岩石蛋地貌、宏大的花岗岩洞穴和丰富的古人类活动遗迹为核心景观.公园的花岗岩石蛋地貌体量巨大,分布相对集中,完整展示了花岗岩石蛋由表及里、由上至下的演化过程,是世界上研究中温带花岗岩地貌演化最为典...     

达古冰山地质公园地质遗迹资源及地学意义

达古冰山地质公园以现代山地冰川地貌景观为核心,辅以古冰川冰蚀地貌、冰碛地貌和冰水堆积地貌景观,融类型丰富、规模宏大的地表碳酸盐岩钙华堆积地貌、各类水体景观和构造地质遗迹资源为一体。通过对各类地质遗迹进行分析,探讨了地质公园地质遗迹资源地学意义。研究表明,该地质公园在冰川地质学、第四纪地质学、地貌学、岩溶地质学、和岩石学等方面都具有极高的科学研究价值和极为典型的地学科普意义。     

达古冰山地质公园地质遗迹资源及地学意义

达古冰山地质公园以现代山地冰川地貌景观为核心,辅以古冰川冰蚀地貌、冰碛地貌和冰水堆积地貌景观,融类型丰富、规模宏大的地表碳酸盐岩钙华堆积地貌、各类水体景观和构造地质遗迹资源为一体。通过对各类地质遗迹进行分析,探讨了地质公园地质遗迹资源地学意义。研究表明,该地质公园在冰川地质学、第四纪地质学、地貌学、岩溶地质学、和岩石学等方面都具有极高的科学研究价值和极为典型的地学科普意义。     

平凉市崆峒山国家地质公园的地质遗迹及其地学价值

平凉市崆峒山国家地质公园地质遗迹众多,有西北高原独特的丹霞地貌和丰富的古生物化石遗迹．褶曲、断层、节理、裂隙等地质现象典型清晰,这些地质遗迹不仅具有一定的美学观赏价值和经济价值。而且具有重要的地学价值。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861