From 2D and 3D GIS for CyberCity

In order to understand the 3D landscape with many high buildings in a city, the 2D GIS has to be extended to 3D GIS. The further development of CyberCity has to include various applications of 3D scenes from the outdoor scenes to the indoor ones. In thispaper, some key techniques, such as data management method and dynamicalvisualization method for the outdoor and the indoor scenes, are discussed. The indoor scene is compared with the outdoor one. The idea of integratedrepresentation of the outdoor and the indoor scenes in CyberCity GIS is discussed. Funded by the open research fund program of LIESMARS (No. 010302).     

数码城市GIS中建筑物室外与室内三维一体化表示与漫游

介绍了数码城市中室外与室内场景的数据管理及可视化等关键技术,对室外与室内场景进行了综合比较,讨论了室内外场景一体化的表示思想。     

基于语义的多细节层次3维房产模型

针对2维房产管理中的产权重叠、表达不完全和建筑物室内外一体化管理难题,在综合分析3维房产数据的对象类型及其应用特性的基础上,从概念层次提出了一种基于语义的多细节层次3维房产模型。该模型通过空间与产权的语义描述,对3维房产管理对象间的多细节层次关系进行一体化表达,特别是实现了对建筑物内部的房产空间关系表达,有利于明晰内部空间(户)的产权划分及各房产对象间的产权关联,为建立产权明晰与室内外综合管理的真3维房产应用提供了理论依据。     

基于3DS MAX的校园三维模型室内外一体化制作

研究了基于3DS MAX软件的校园三维模型的制作步骤和方法,讨论了校区建模的数据采集、纹理生成、模型修改等关键技术;特别阐述了室内建模的制作方法和技巧,弥补了三维室内建模的空白。     

基于三维GIS的楼宇租赁管理研究

三维GIS应用于楼宇租赁管理,不仅空间信息的展示更为直观,而且多维度空间分析功能更加强大。本文利用侧轴投影以及后期纹理、贴图、修正等处理将三维数据转换成2.5维数据,解决了数据量大和加载速度慢的问题;通过构建三维矢量图并与2.5维地图匹配融合,可以方便地查询属性信息;室内地图的制作包括概念建模、数据转换、地图切片三个步骤。文章将楼宇外部轮廓的三维模型和室内二维地图相结合,注重精细化管理和多维度、多层次的管理需要,使用户对楼宇信息管理系统的使用更加方便。     

GIS中三维模型的设计

研究了三维GIS中的空间信息传输模式,探讨了平面地图符号与三维模型的区别与联系,阐述了三维模型的确立、定位、简化描述和逻辑性设计。     

A Hybrid System of Expanding 2D GIS into 3D Space

A hybrid system that integrates two-dimensional (2D) GIS and three-dimensional (3D) visualization has been developed to provide unique solutions to application domains where traditional 2D GIS and 3D visualization cannot alone provide a solution. In this paper, we focus on three key issues in realizing such an integrated system, including large-scale terrain rendering, 2D and 3D combination display (for example, rendering 2D GIS layers in 3D space), expanding traditional 2D GIS analysis functions into a 3D environment, and visualizing 3D geographical data. A generic framework is developed to integrate 3D visualization with various types of 2D GIS, such as commercial GIS software, open source GIS software and spatial databases. A prototype 2D and 3D hybrid system that seamlessly integrates 2D GIS (developed with ArcEngine) and 3D rendering engine (developed with DirectX) is then developed based on the framework. In this hybrid system, 2D and 3D data are viewed within the same scene. Multiple 2D GIS layers are overlaid on the base terrain using a Level of Detail (LOD) model. Advanced query functions, data accessing, data management and spatial analysis, which are executed in the traditional 2D GIS, are provided to users in a 3D environment by continuously transforming information between the 2D GIS subsystem and the 3D subsystem. The 3D data are organized and displayed by Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and textured 3D models in the COLLAborative Design Activity (COLLADA) format. The prototype demonstrates that this hybrid system has effectively addressed the three key issues identified above and that it can seamlessly integrate 2D GIS and 3D visualization. The hybrid system has great potential to be employed in many application domains, such as urban planning, landscape design and environmental decision making, among others, to enhance the 3D design capability and facilitate public participation in the planning, design and decision-making process.     

在3D光栅地图中对高度的符号化表示

分析了三维图传输特点,以直观性、一览性、精确性为目标,尝试在用3D光栅图传输三维度地理空间数据的过程中,采用符号化方法,有效、准确地传输第三维度数据。     

融合BIM特征约束点自增长模型的室内外三维模型构建研究

针对室内外复杂场景一体化建模的精度高、难度大、效率低下等特点,本文以地面三维激光扫描技术(TSL)和建筑信息模型(BIM)重构技术为核心支撑,提出了融合BIM特征约束的点自增长模型重构方法.利用该方法以西安市五路口地铁站室内外真实场景构建为案例分析,验证了基于TSL和BIM技术融合构建高精度室内外一体化真三维场景的可行...     

GIS中三维模型的视觉变量

视觉变量是作为平面图形符号设计的理论基础而提出来的,在平面地图的符号化中起着非常重要的作用。然而,平面地图符号中的视觉变量并不能完全适用于GIS中三维模型的视觉变量,本文首先对比分析了平面地图表达和三维GIS表达的特点和异同,然后提出了GIS中三维模型的视觉变量,即:形状、空间姿态、尺寸、纹理、明暗度(光照)、阴影和清晰度。     

基于GIS和3dsMax的3维地质场景建立与可视化研究

提出一种基于ArcGIS和3dsMax的3维地质场景建立与可视化方法。其主要原理是：首先利用ArcMap矢量化水平地质构造剖面边界;其次,利用3dsMax及其嵌的脚本语言分别生成水平地质剖面和钻孔数据的3维立体模型;然后,利用Max脚本绘制了3维地质剖面,建立了3维地质场景并实现其可视化。该方法具有简单、快速和直观的优点,可以推广应用于地学研究和工程应用等相关领域。     

移动三维GIS技术研究与实践

随着智能手机与平板电脑的快速发展,三维地理信息系统的操作平台呈现出向移动端转移的趋势,移动三维GIS的出现结合了最新的三维GIS技术以及最受市场欢迎的移动端平台。本文探索了移动三维GIS的发展、构成以及应用趋势。     

数字地形分析原理及三维GIS系统实现

本文从DEM基本理论和由DEM衍生的数字地形分析方法两个方面对数字地形分析原理进行总结、概述。并设计一个三维WebGIS系统对数字地形分析的典型方法进行应用实现,在三维平台中实现坡度坡向、地形剖面、淹没分析等常用的数字地形分析运算,为其他专业领域提供直观、实用的地形地貌信息和分析应用环境。     

二维GIS与三维场景交互技术的研究与应用

介绍了二维GIS和三维场景仿真各自优缺点,提出了通过互响应技术结合两者优点的方法以克服各自的局限性,以灌区信息管理系统为例,实现了二维GIS和三维场景交互技术的具体应用.     

Camera localization for augmented reality and indoor positioning: a vision-based 3D feature database approach

ABSTRACT

The recent fast development in computer vision and mobile sensor technology such as mobile LiDAR and RGB-D cameras is pushing the boundary of the technology to suit the need of real-life applications in the fields of Augmented Reality (AR), robotics, indoor GIS and self-driving. Camera localization is often a key and enabling technology among these applications. In this paper, we developed a novel camera localization workflow based on a highly accurate 3D prior map optimized by our RGB-D SLAM method in conjunction with a deep learning routine trained using consecutive video frames labeled with high precision camera pose. Furthermore, an AR registration method tightly coupled with a game engine is proposed, which incorporates the proposed localization algorithm and aligns the real Kinetic camera with a virtual camera of the game engine to facilitate AR application development in an integrated manner. The experimental results show that the localization accuracy can achieve an average error of 35?cm based on a fine-tuned prior 3D feature database at 3?cm accuracy compared against the ground-truth 3D LiDAR map. The influence of the localization accuracy on the visual effect of AR overlay is also demonstrated and the alignment of the real and virtual camera streamlines the implementation of AR fire emergency response demo in a Virtual Geographic Environment.     

三维GIS技术在断面测量中的应用

本文针对常规基于二维矢量数据和高分辨率影像的断面采集方式在直观性、数据源等方面的不足,引入三维GIS技术,利用相关基础地理数据构建三维地理环境,设计了一套三维地理环境下的断面数据采集技术流程,并在此基础上研制了一个软件平台.实际工程应用显示,该平台不仅可以满足铁路勘测设计应用,还具有可视化、批量化断面采集和检查能力,能够提高断面采集工作效率,减轻内业工作强度.     

GIS三维动态符号库的研究与开发

本文探讨了与GIS三维动态符号库相关的概念、分类及三维图形变换等基础理论;搭建了基于Java3D的GIS三维动态符号库开发平台;研究了3DMAX建模、三维动态符号库、建筑物内部场景展示等关键技术;开发了GIS三维动态符号库.     

3D SLAM移动测量技术在室内外一体化测量中应用

由于室内和室外测量环境不同,现有的测绘方式还没有有效的解决方案能高效地实现室内外一体化测量。本文引入基于3D SLAM移动测量技术,对一体化测量进行应用研究,通过验证分析,室内测量中误差为2cm,室外为9.7 cm,可满足10 cm精度内的测量需求。     

基于三维GIS的数字航道若干关键技术研究

提出了基于三维GIS的数字航道的整体技术框架，研究了其中涉及的关键技术，开发了原型系统并进行了一定的应用实验。     

基于3D产品制作三维地形数据模型

随着GIS和3D打印技术的革新与进步,打印三维地形图已具备可行的条件。基于已有的3D产品(DLG、DOM、DEM),使用现有的专业GIS软件,可以快速地制作三维地形图数据模型,配以色彩丰富、样式美观的三维地图符号,即可输出3D打印格式的三维地形数据模型,并选择合适的打印材料和打印机进行制作,可以丰富测绘产品的形式,促进3D打印地形图产业的迅速发展。