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By use of GMS-4 infrared brightness temperature and visible albedo data from January to February in 1995,the method for extracting of sea ice parameters is developed.The digital remote sensing picture is obtained on Liaodong Bay.Based on the difference in physical properties between ice and water,a criterion distinguishing ice from water is set up.Ice thickness has been calculated according to the relationship between ice thickness and brightness as well as albedo.Ice concentration is retrieved due to the difference on albedo between ice and water.The results indicate that the accuracy of ice-water distinguishing is 84.8%,the errors of ice thickness and ice concentration are 3.8 cm and 22%,respectively. 相似文献
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A MODEL FOR QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATING SHORT-RANGE PRECIPITATION BASED ON GMS DIGITALIZED CLOUD MAPS—PART I:ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE CLOUD-PRECIPITATION RELATIONS AND MODEL DESIGN
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Some typical samples are used to explore the quantitative correlation with their features between a convective cloud and its rainfall field,with which to develop two morphological functions for the correlation and by singling out their most suitable groups of parameters we propose a model for quantitatively estimating precipitation in the context of the in-advance recognition of meso-α convective system properties and its precipitating center.From the model fitting precision and forecasting accuracy we find that it is feasible to utilize geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) digitalized imagery for estimating short-term rainfall in a quantitative manner.Also,evidence suggests that the model is supposed to be restricted in its applicability due to the fact that the employed samples are from rather typical rainfall events that are large-scale,slow-moving and have well-defined genesis and dissipative stages. 相似文献
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针对风云二号气象卫星区域扫描模式下姿态求解问题,提出了分别基于区域观测图像、姿态预报和粗-精姿态关系模型3种不同的卫星姿态求解方法,并分析了它们的适用条件。利用FY-2E卫星获取的2013年7月8—14日的图像进行模拟分析,姿态计算结果表明:利用基于区域观测图像方法求解的姿态对区域观测云图进行定位,误差保持在2.5个红外像元以内,该方法适用于连续区域观测情况;利用基于预报的姿态求解方法对未来24 h内区域观测云图进行定位,平均误差达到1个红外像元,该方法适用于临时启动区域观测时前24 h的区域云图定位。利用粗-精姿态关系模型方法求解的姿态对区域观测云图进行定位,最大误差为4.9个红外像元,前24 h平均误差为3.6个红外像元,该方法可以在无精姿态数据时对区域观测图像进行应急定位。 相似文献
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利用浙江省地面观测数据和新一代静止气象卫星数据,通过逻辑回归(LR)、线性判别(LDA)、K近邻算法(KNN)、决策树(CART)、高斯贝叶斯(NB)和支持向量机(SVM)6种机器学习算法针对浙江省金丽温高速公路进行低能见度识别建模,并运用多种评估方法评估模型结果,显示SVM算法模型效果较好,且针对小于1000 m的能见度天气有较好的识别。进一步结合地面观测数据和卫星数据建立识别模型,发现效果优于单一来源的数据建模,一般以KNN算法建模效果较好,且在对浓雾、强浓雾的识别中,结合地面和卫星数据的模型识别效果更好。针对单一数据利用SVM算法,结合地面和卫星数据选择KNN算法再对金丽温高速公路的大雾过程进行识别,显示新一代静止气象卫星数据的模拟效果不差于地面观测数据模拟效果,且能够识别夜间和凌晨的雾,对地面观测识别可作为有效补充,将对省内没有地面气象观测的低能见度识别和短临预测有一定辅助参考作用。 相似文献
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Xiaoyi SHEN Chang-Qing KE Bin CHENG Wentao XIA Mengmeng LI Xuening YU Haili LI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1474-1485
In August 2018, a remarkable polynya was observed off the north coast of Greenland, a perennial ice zone where thick sea ice cover persists. In order to investigate the formation process of this polynya, satellite observations, a coupled iceocean model, ocean profiling data, and atmosphere reanalysis data were applied. We found that the thinnest sea ice cover in August since 1978(mean value of 1.1 m, compared to the average value of 2.8 m during 1978-2017) and the modest southerly wind caused by a positive North Atlantic Oscillation(mean value of 0.82, compared to the climatological value of-0.02) were responsible for the formation and maintenance of this polynya. The opening mechanism of this polynya differs from the one formed in February 2018 in the same area caused by persistent anomalously high wind. Sea ice drift patterns have become more responsive to the atmospheric forcing due to thinning of sea ice cover in this region. 相似文献
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利用气象卫星资料整理分析了1996—2011年冬季渤海海冰的时空分布变化:年际统计表明,单日海冰面积最大的3个年份分别是2011、2010和2001年,日最大冰面积均超过30000 km~2;单日海冰面积最小的3个年份分别是1999、2002和2007年,日最大冰面积均不超过10000 km~2。分区统计显示,海冰主要集中在辽东湾,其次是渤海湾,莱州湾最小;辽东湾海冰从东北向西南、从海滨到远海出现频率依次降低;渤海湾和莱州湾从海滨到远海,海冰的出现频率逐渐降低。在此基础上,分析了渤海逐日冰面积与营口站日均气温积温(≤-2℃)及气温的关系,结果表明渤海逐日冰面积与积温、气温之间均为负相关关系,其相关性在不同阶段表现不同:海冰发展期,渤海逐日冰面积与营口日均气温积温(≤-2℃)之间的相关性最为显著,相关系数为-0.90;海冰消融期,渤海逐日冰面积与营口3日(当日与前两日)平均气温的相关性最为显著,相关系数为-0.84;通过回归分析方法获得了渤海逐日冰面积与营口日均气温积温及3日平均气温的线性回归方程。最后,结合积温回归方程和3日平均气温回归方程,提出了分阶段的海冰面积预报方程,并利用该方程对2013和2014年度冬季渤海冰面积进行预报检验,检验结果证明上述方程具有一定的预报能力。 相似文献
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冬季大气环流对北太平洋海冰和黑潮暖流海温的强迫作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用奇异值分解等统计方法,探讨冬季北太平洋海冰浓度、海温与大尺度大气环流型间的联系。分析结果表明:冬季北太平洋海域海冰存在一个主要的分布型,即鄂霍次克海和白令海的海冰呈反位相。海冰的该种分布特征是与大气中的WP型紧密联系的,并以大气超前海冰一个月最为明显。同时,WP型强迫作用于黑潮暖流区的海温,海温滞后大气一个月。具体表现为在东亚冬季风较弱的年份,鄂霍次克海海冰增多,白令海海冰减少,黑潮暖流区海温增高,反之则相反。 相似文献
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海冰是气候系统中的重要成员,而海冰模式是描述海冰物理过程、模拟和预报海冰演变的有力工具。根据国外发表的文献,对海冰模式从动力学、热力学和厚度分布三个方面的研究进行了回顾,对海冰模拟的研究具有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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Fog Detection over China’s Adjacent Sea Area by using the MTSAT Geostationary Satellite Data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A fog threshold method for the detection of sea fog from Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT1R) infrared (IR) channel data is presented.This method uses principle component analysis (PCA),texture analysis,and threshold detection to extract sea fog information.A heavy sea fog episode that occurred over China’s adjacent sea area during 7 8 April 2008 was detected,indicating that the fog threshold method can effectively detect sea fog areas nearly 24 hours a day.MTSAT-1R data from March 2006,June 2007,and April 2008 were processed using the fog threshold method,and sea fog coverage information was compared with the meteorological observation report data from ships.The hit rate,miss rate,and false alarm rate of sea fog detection were 66.1%,27.3%,and 33.9%,respectively.The results show that the fog threshold method can detect the formation,evolution,and dissipation of sea fog events over period of time and that the method has superior temporal and spatial resolution relative to conventional ship observations.In addition,through MTSAT-1R data processing and a statistical analysis of sea fog coverage information for the period from 2006 to 2009,the monthly mean sea fog day frequency,spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of sea fog over China’s adjacent sea area were obtained. 相似文献
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新疆天山山区大气冰核浓度的测量及分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用2001年6、7月份在新疆天山山区两个取样点取得的冰核资料,计算了山区中的冰核浓度,研究了冰核平均浓度日变化、日际变化的规律,并分析了天山山区冰核浓度与一些气象因子的关系及可能原因。得出以下结论:天山山区的大气冰核主要来源于地面土壤,比较缺乏;冰核浓度易受气象因子、地表状况的影响,日变化和日际变化明显. 相似文献
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气象卫星的红外窗区通道 (8~12 μm) 对于通常大气气溶胶几乎没有响应, 但对于较大颗粒且浓度较强的沙尘气溶胶, 尤其是沙尘暴有明显的信号反应。空气中的沙尘在红外分裂窗通道表现出两个特征:一是对地表发射到空间的红外信号产生衰减, 造成卫星探测到的地气系统亮温降低, 这就是所谓的红外差值沙尘指数IDDI; 二是沙尘粒子在红外分裂窗两个通道的比辐射率不同, 11 μm比12 μm的比辐射率低, 从而造成这两个通道的亮温差是负值。基于这两个特征和沙尘多通道光谱聚类法, 针对静止气象卫星观测数据进行了沙尘暴卫星遥感监测业务算法开发, 输出沙尘暴监测产品和红外差值沙尘指数产品, 这一算法不仅用于已经退役的GMS-5卫星, 而且应用于正在运行的静止气象卫星FY-2C, 它还为沙尘暴的定量或半定量遥感提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR CLIMATE VARIABILITY OF MONSOON UNDER THE UNITED EFFECTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE COVER AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to study the mechanisms of climate natural variability under the united effects of antarc-tic ice cover(AIC)and sea surface temperature(SST),we have done a series of numerical experi-ments for the climate variability of the period from January 1981 to December 1983 by using a three-level atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM).Firstly we conduct climate integration for sixyears,then 3 years'control integration from January 16 of the seventh year.Moreover,we do threesensitivity experiments,which are the sensitivity experiments forced by observed SST and AIC.ob-served SST and climatic AIC,observed AIC and climatic SST respectively,to study the climate vari-ability and its mechanisms affected by SST and AIC.We put emphasis on the variability of East Asiamonsoon and the Southern Hemisphere(SH)circulation.In this paper,introduction is made to theresults of control test and the sensitivity experiment forced by observed SST and AIC,and the pre-dictability of the monsoon climate variability is discussed. 相似文献
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基于地面加密观测资料、FY-2E静止气象卫星观测资料和NCEP分析资料,选取2010—2012年华北区域内27次冰雹过程,按大气环流背景、主要影响系统和云系的云型特征等将其分为冷涡云系尾部型、低涡槽前型和偏北气流控制型3种类型。分析结果表明:3种天气型下冰雹对流云系特征存在差异,但90%以上的冰雹过程发生在对流云团的快速发展阶段中,降雹集中出现于准圆形或椭圆形对流云团边缘或带状对流云系的传播前沿区域,对应于云顶亮温梯度的大值区。在掌握背景环境的前提下,综合分析红外图像中对流系统的发展演变、水汽图像暗带和暗区变化等信息,对冰雹的监测和预警有一定的参考价值。定量统计分析表明,大的亮温梯度值 (不低于8 ℃/0.05°) 是辅助判断冰雹能否发生的重要参量,而当冰雹云同时具备低云顶亮温和大亮温梯度的情况下,更有利于大于10 mm大冰雹的发生。 相似文献
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In order to study the mechanisms of climate natural variability under the united effects of antarctic ice cover(AIC) and sea surface temperature(SST),we have done a series of numerical experiments for the climate variability of the period from January 1981 to December 1983 by using a threelevel atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM).Firstly we conduct climate integration for sixyears,then 3 years' control integration from January 16 of the seventh year.Moreover,we do threesensitivity experiments,which are the sensitivity experiments forced by observed SST and AIC.observed SST and climatic AIC,observed AIC and climatic SST respectively,to study the climate variability and its mechanisms affected by SST and AIC.We put emphasis on the variability of East Asiamonsoon and the Southern Hemisphere(SH) circulation.In this paper,introduction is made to theresults of control test and the sensitivity experiment forced by observed SST and AIC,and the predictability of the monsoon climate variability is discussed. 相似文献
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Ice concentration data from passive microwave sensors are not reliable during the summer melt season. In this study passive microwave ice concentration estimates are improved upon through the assimilation of ice surface temperature data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Ice concentration from the analysis is converted to ice extent and compared with data from the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). Ice concentration analysis from data assimilation is in better agreement with the IMS data than the original passive microwave data, with the largest improvements occurring during sea-ice melt. 相似文献
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一个热动力海冰模式的改进与实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
影响海冰变化的物理因素中热力和动力部分是同等重要的,但多数热动力海冰模式的热力部分考虑得较为简单。针对Hibler热动力海冰模式的不足,以1个3层热力模式为基础改进了其热力部分。比较了原模式中的零层热力模式和用于改进的3层热力模式;并应用改进前后的两种热动力模式对1983年的北极海冰进行了模拟。模拟结果表明,海冰厚度比原模式厚,季节变化减弱,海冰密集度与观测资料更为符合。 相似文献