新兴县气象灾害的风险分析与区划

基于气象、灾情和经济社会资料,结合GIS方法对新兴气象灾害风险进行区划,在分析新兴县台风、暴雨洪涝、干旱、高温、寒害等5种气象灾害孕灾环境敏感性、致灾因子危险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力的基础上,应用加权综合法得到各评价单元(乡镇)的综合气象风险度指数,借助GIS技术,对新兴县气象灾害风险进行了区域性划分。结果表明:致灾因子危险性最大值分布在新城镇,大江镇的孕灾环境暴露性最大,承灾体脆弱性最高值分布在河头镇,防灾减灾能力最高值主要分布在新城镇和簕竹镇,综合考虑各因子,新城镇发生气象灾害的风险最高,车岗镇、水台镇、六祖镇、太平镇、稔村镇、天堂镇、东成镇、簕竹镇次之,河头镇、大江镇、里洞镇发生气象灾害的风险相对较低。     

《城市暴雨内涝仿真模拟技术及其应用》

正陈靖主编该书从城市暴雨内涝数值模拟、预报、预警等实际需求入手,介绍了暴雨内涝的形成、暴雨内涝仿真模拟的研究现状与进展、暴雨内涝仿真模型的基本理论、方法和应用实例。在此基础上,介绍了基于城市暴雨内涝仿真模型的内涝灾害风险评估,以及城市暴雨内涝预报预警业务系统的应用。该书可供从事水文、气象、工程技术、应急管理等专业人员开展城市暴雨内涝防灾减灾工作参考使用,亦可作为城市暴雨内涝仿真模拟的实例,为城市规划、市政建设、应急指挥、防灾减灾等工作提供科学的参考依据。     

龙川县低温冻害风险区划研究

通过实地调查和整理历史气象资料,建立龙川县低温冻害风险区划数据库,综合考虑致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力4种评价指标,根据气象灾害风险区划原则先进行评价指标量化,结合专家打分法、加权综合评价法进行数据处理,然后利用ArcGIS软件绘制龙川县低温冻害风险区划图,结果表明:龙川县低温冻害高风险区主要集中在北部和南部山区,中部以及近东江水体地区风险相对较小.     

潍坊市强降水洪涝灾害风险评估与区划研究

利用潍坊各区县2008—2017年的气象观测资料、地理空间数据和社会经济数据，基于GIS技术和自然灾害风险指数模型，考虑短时强降雨对潍坊市城市内涝造成的影响，对潍坊市强降雨洪涝风险的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力多个因子定量分析，构建了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害风险评价模型，并编制了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害风险区划。结果表明：灾害发生的高风险区主要位于高密、诸城等地区，潍坊北部地区孕灾环境敏感性指数较大，市中心区域则因人口、经济地位显著而易损性风险较大。该风险区划结果基本反映了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害的潜在风险，为潍坊市的洪涝灾害防灾减灾提供技术支持和决策依据。     

关中东部暴雨灾害风险区划研究

利用关中东部11个气象站1961—2007年的逐日降水资料、同期暴雨洪涝灾害和经济发展资料,在ARCGIS平台上,从暴雨的孕灾环境敏感性、致灾因子危险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力等4方面综合分析,形成关中东部暴雨风险灾害区划。结果表明：关中东部孕灾环境的高敏感区主要在秦岭北部渭河支流较多的二华地区和沿黄河的韩城市;韩城和潼关的雨涝致灾危险性最高,蒲城、大荔致灾危险性相对较小;临渭区为高易损区;关中东部的临渭区、大荔、韩城对暴雨灾害防灾减灾能力最强,其次为蒲城和华县。暴雨洪灾的高风险区在韩城和潼关。暴雨灾害风险区面积相对较小,防灾减灾相对较强,暴雨致灾危险性范围小,但受地形和地貌影响,孕灾环境敏感性较高。     

基于GIS的徐水县干旱灾害风险区划

以河北省保定市徐水县干旱灾害为例,对其干旱灾害风险区划进行研究。利用GIS技术,建立气象数据库,集成基础地理数据、气象观测数据和人口经济等资料;选择适当指标,实现干旱灾害致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体脆弱性和防灾减灾能力栅格化的计算。通过建立干旱灾害风险评估模型,完成干旱灾害风险区划的绘制,并分析了徐水县干旱灾害风险区划的分布特点。结果表明,徐水县干旱灾害风险分布呈地区性差异,中部地区发生干旱灾害的风险较高,西南地区风险较低。     

基于FLOORAREA模式的南宁市城市内涝区划

以南宁市现行使用的暴雨强度公式为依据,计算出南宁市城市内涝排水能力,以及南宁市7个不同强降雨重现期降雨量,结合南宁市致涝强降雨天气过程个例,利用南宁市高程、城市道路网分布等数据,采用FLOORAREA模式进行计算,得出不同重现期城市内涝淹没区划,及其对不同承灾体的影响,为南宁市城市建立内涝综合防御对策提供依据。     

天津市静海区暴雨灾害风险精细化评估北大核心

根据天津市静海区18个乡镇2009—2018年逐时降水量,以及社会经济、地理地形、水利设施等数据,结合历史受灾信息,分别对静海区的暴雨致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性及防灾减灾能力进行分析,采用GIS技术和统计方法多因子叠加,综合得出静海地区暴雨灾害风险精细化评估和区划。研究发现,静海区北部区域以及南部中旺镇及其周边风险较高,而静海地区中部的风险较低;暴雨灾害高风险区主要分布在致灾因子敏感性、承灾体易损性较高而防灾减灾能力较低的静海镇和梁头镇及其周边,应加强防灾减灾设施建设。     

10—11月海南省瓜菜苗期湿涝风险评估与区划

为了评估海南省冬种瓜菜苗期生长阶段容易遭受的湿涝灾害,基于1998—2011年海南省18个气象站气象资料、各市县西瓜、豇豆、辣椒、丝瓜4种冬种瓜菜产量及苗期湿涝灾情资料,以降水量、降水日数等因子建立主成分分析综合指标,通过灾情反演构建苗期湿涝致灾等级指标,结合孕灾、灾损和防灾能力进行瓜菜苗期湿涝灾害综合风险分析与区划。结果表明:瓜菜苗期湿涝危险性从西南至东北增加,轻度与重度湿涝风险概率分布趋势相反,苗期湿涝孕灾敏感性从中西部山区向沿海和平原地区增加,瓜菜苗期湿涝灾损风险和防灾能力分布存在差异,且不同瓜菜差异明显;4种瓜菜苗期湿涝综合风险总体分布趋势一致,从西南至东北地区风险等级加重,降水、地势、土地等因素综合导致东部和北部部分地区苗期湿涝的风险高。     

昆明市晋宁区烤烟种植冰雹灾害风险区划及防御对策

文章利用晋宁区2009—2018年6—9月烤烟种植冰雹灾害、受损情况及各种气象资料,根据自然灾害系统理论和冰雹灾害风险评估的相关理论,构建由致灾因子危险性、烤烟种植易损性、孕灾环境敏感性、防灾减灾能力等风险指数模型和风险区划指标体系,采用层次分析法和加权综合评价法计算各指标权重和风险指数,并利用GIS技术进行栅格图层计算得到晋宁区冰雹灾害综合风险区划图。结果显示:晋宁区冰雹灾害风险东西部高、北部和中部低,沿山地带和山区高于平坦地区,晋城镇南部、双河乡和夕阳乡山区冰雹灾害风险处于较高水平。根据区划结果,提出了人工防雹的合理化建议。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.