机载点云数据生产DEM的关键技术探讨

从机载航摄仪中获取的点云数据出发,提出了点云制作DEM的生产工序流程及作业中的注意事项,重点论述点云精度、点云滤波、DEM制作等关键技术,并对点云滤波算法进行优化改进,使之更好地应用于项目生产中,提高了工作效率.     

浅析机载激光雷达点云数据处理与DEM制作

机载激光雷达测量技术是当代航空、航天遥感最具代表性之一的高新测绘技术,它集全球定位、惯性导航、激光测距等高新技术于一体,工作效率、数据精度高,能迅速获取地理空间物体的三维信息数据,一定程度上解决了传统航空、航天摄影测量获取地面三维信息不便的难题,机载激光雷达测量技术实际上已经代表了对地观测领域一个新的技术发展方向。本文重点探讨机载激光雷达点云数据制作DEM的关键生产技术流程,以及在生产过程中的机载激光雷达点云数据常见问题处理方法。     

机载LiDAR点云密度对DEM精度的影响

机载激光雷达技术(LiDAR)作为一项先进的遥感技术,是植被覆盖区DEM获取的重要手段之一,而不同地形坡度条件及点云密度对DEM产品质量有重要影响。本文以辽宁省某市的机载LiDAR数据为基础,选取5种不同地形坡度的点云数据,通过随机、等间距及基于曲率3种不同的点云抽稀方法,按照点云保留率为80%、60%、40%、20%和10%共5个不同梯度的抽稀倍数对原始点云进行抽稀简化处理,生成与之对应的DEM并对其进行精度评价,以此研究地形坡度、点云抽稀方法、抽稀倍数对DEM精度的影响。结果表明,DEM精度与地形坡度呈负相关关系,即RMSE随地形坡度升高不断增加;基于曲率的抽稀方法在地形坡度＞30°时,相较于其他两种方法RMSE较小,具有明显优势;40%的点云保留率是平衡DEM精度与数据存储效率的一个节点,当点云保留率<40%时,DEM的高程RMSE会迅速增大。该研究对于利用机载LiDAR进行大范围DEM生产具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

浙江省平地区域机载LiDAR数据处理及DEM制作实践

为了进行平地区域原基础测绘产品高程的更新,我省进行了针对平地区域的机载LiDAR测高项目,为了获取高精度的DSM和DEM成果,在实际生产中开展了机载LiDAR数据处理及DEM成果的制作方法研究。本文将利用TerraSolid软件,从LiDAR点云数据的高程精度控制、点云滤波分类要求和如何利用特征线进行无点云数据区域的DEM精度控制等关键技术方面进行研究。     

应用机载激光雷达数据制作DEM的方法探讨

通过对机载激光雷达数据的分析、点云处理、DEM处理,探讨应用机载激光雷达数据制作DEM的方法,并通过实例介绍应用机载激光雷达数据制作DEM的生产流程。     

机载激光LiDAR在密林山区测绘中的应用研究

为解决山区测绘的高程问题,本文利用机载激光雷达采集了山区点云并通过点云滤波的手段获取了山区地表点的高程数据,通过实验验证和分析可知,机载激光雷达在山区的地表点云有着很高的精度和密度,能够很好地满足山区地形测绘的要求。     

基于密集匹配点云的DEM生产可行性研究

无人机倾斜摄影直接生产的成果通常包括三维模型、TDOM、DSM等,然而规划设计通常不能直接利用倾斜数据输出的DEM,需要辅以人工编辑。作为倾斜摄影影像处理的过程成果,密集匹配点云未得到充分利用。其与激光雷达点云具备相似的结构,且点云密度可自由选择,在不考虑数据量的情况下,密集匹配点云的点密度可数倍于激光雷达点云。此外,密集匹配点云无需单独赋色,即具有纹理信息,对人工目视编辑自动分类后的地面点具有一定的辅助作用。本文对比分析了同一测区的密集匹配点云与激光雷达点云,验证了密集匹配点云用于房屋建筑区及稀疏林区地面点滤波并生产DEM的可行性。     

机载LiDAR技术在西南某机场大比例尺地形测量中的应用研究

我国西南地区地形复杂,地势起伏大,植被发育茂盛,传统的地形图测量工作常面临难度大、危险系数高、测量信号差等问题.本文以西南某机场为例,利用机载LiDAR技术测绘了场区1:1000比例尺地形图,基于LiDAR点云数据和影像数据生成了场区的DEM和DOM数字测绘产品,并对点云数据和地形图测绘结果进行了精度统计与质量评价.结...     

利用机载激光点云数据生产DEM的关键技术分析

着重分析了利用机载激光点云数据提取DEM的关键技术：预处理、点云滤波与分类、高精度DEM制作与质量评价技术;建立了基于机载激光点云的DEM生产技术流程,并将其应用于宁波市地理国情普查市情专项——高精度地表模型制作项目中;构建了宁波市建成区规则格网1：2000比例尺的高精度DEM模型,为宁波市地理国情普查提供了数据基础。     

面向滩涂DEM构建的机载LiDAR点云滤波方法

在基于激光点云构建DEM的过程中,用于区分地面点和非地面点的点云滤波处理至关重要。本文面向基于机载LiDAR点云的沿海滩涂DEM高精度的构建需求,提出了一种机载LiDAR点云的改进坡度滤波算法。首先,采用统计异常值剔除法(SOR)去除原始机载LiDAR点云数据中的噪声;然后,利用规则格网的坡度和高程阈值,设计了适用于滩涂点云数据的地面点坡度滤波方法;最后,选取如东市长沙港的滩涂机载LiDAR点云作为试验数据,构建滩涂DEM,并进行精度检验。试验结果表明,利用本文方法处理后的LiDAR点云构建的DEM精度满足国家与行业标准的要求。     

高等学校道路勘测设计实习改革探索与实践

根据现行的测量和道路测设作业方式,充分利用GNSS-RTK技术,研究设计适合道桥专业特点的实习方式,提出基于GPS-RTK和全站仪一体化的实习模式,提高学生的动手和思考能力,使实习操作与工程实践实现完美衔接。     

Spectra and vegetation index variations in moss soil crust in different seasons,and in wet and dry conditions

Similar to vascular plants, non-vascular plant mosses have different periods of seasonal growth. There has been little research on the spectral variations of moss soil crust (MSC) over different growth periods. Few studies have paid attention to the difference in spectral characteristics between wet MSC that is photosynthesizing and dry MSC in suspended metabolism. The dissimilarity of MSC spectra in wet and dry conditions during different seasons needs further investigation. In this study, the spectral reflectance of wet MSC, dry MSC and the dominant vascular plant (Artemisia) were characterized in situ during the summer (July) and autumn (September). The variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), biological soil crust index (BSCI) and CI (crust index) in different seasons and under different soil moisture conditions were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the spectral characteristics of both wet and dry MSCs varied seasonally; (2) the spectral features of wet MSC appear similar to those of the vascular plant, Artemisia, whether in summer or autumn; (3) both in summer and in autumn, much higher NDVI values were acquired for wet than for dry MSC (0.6 ∼ 0.7 vs. 0.3 ∼ 0.4 units), which may lead to misinterpretation of vegetation dynamics in the presence of MSC and with the variations in rainfall occurring in arid and semi-arid zones; and (4) the BSCI and CI values of wet MSC were close to that of Artemisia in both summer and autumn, indicating that BSCI and CI could barely differentiate between the wet MSC and Artemisia.     

2013年国土资源科技成果统计分析

本文对2013年在国土资源部科技成果管理办公室登记的科技成果进行了系统总结,从成果来源、类别、评价方式、评价水平、完成单位、完成人员、经费投入和成果应用情况8个方面介绍了国土资源科技成果基本情况,并针对目前国土资源科技成果登记、推广应用和共享方面存在的问题,提出了对策建议。     

哈尔滨CORS建设及其在测量中应用

介绍哈尔滨市GPS连续运行参考站系统的建设情况,详述系统原理和各组成部分的功能,以及在测量中的应用。     

数据库知识发现技术及其在测绘中的应用

详细介绍了数据挖掘与数据库中的知识发现(KDD)技术,给出了KDD的定义以及KDD具体实现的3种处理模型,并从GIS和遥感影像分析两个方面论述了KDD技术在测绘中的应用.     

数据库知识发现技术及其在测绘中的应用

详细介绍了数据挖掘与数据库中的知识发现 (KDD)技术 ,给出了KDD的定义以及KDD具体实现的3种处理模型 ,并从GIS和遥感影像分析两个方面论述了KDD技术在测绘中的应用     

Malaria incidence in Nairobi,Kenya and dekadal trends in NDVI and climatic variables

The primary objective of this research was to determine if the remotely-sensed metric, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ground-collected dekadal climatological variables were useful predictors of future malaria outbreaks in an epidemic-prone area of Nairobi, Kenya. Data collected consisted of 36 dekadal (10-day) periods for the variables rainfall, temperature and NDVI along with yearly documented malaria admissions in 2003 for Nairobi, Kenya. Linear regression models were built for malaria cases reported in Nairobi, Kenya, as the dependent variable and various time-based groupings of temperature, rainfall and NDVI data from the dekads in both the current and the previous month as the independent variables. Data from 2003 show that malaria incidence in any given month is best predicted (R²  = 0.881, p < 0.001) by the average NDVI for the 30 days including the final two dekads of the previous month and first dekad of the current month, and by the average rainfall for the 30 days including the three dekads of rainfall data from the prior month. Forecasting an outbreak in an epidemic zone would allow public health entities to plan for and disseminate resources to the general public such as antimalarials and insecticide impregnated bed nets. In addition, vector control measures could be implemented to slow the rate of transmission in the impacted population.     

我国现代高程测定关键技术若干问题的研究及进展

利用垂线偏差等重力格网数据平差计算高程异常差时,施加少量GPS/水准点进行控制,可以确定区域似大地水准面,但是采用传统方法在构造法方程时,需要对系数阵的每个元素逐一进行操作,并全部或者对角存储系数阵,具有计算速度慢、占用内存高等问题。为此提出了在平差解算中对系数阵先进行矩阵分块(操作单元为分块矩阵),再稀疏化处理(仅存非零元素),最后拼接的方法,实现了法方程阵的快速构建及解算。实验表明,相比于传统方法,该方法的计算效率提高了至少两个数量级,并且可快速解算传统方法在一般计算机上难以解算的平差问题,对于解算比较规则的格网数据平差问题具有一定的参考与借鉴意义。     

Evaluating Topological Queries in Linked Data Using DBpedia and GeoNames in Switzerland and Scotland

This article explores the practicability and assesses the quality of searches for Wikipedia pages of topologically related administrative divisions in Switzerland and Scotland via Linked Data. To this end, the quality of searches in the English and German versions of DBpedia is compared, as is that of searches in GeoNames and DBpedia using DBpedia's links to GeoNames or a manually created list of links. In addition, the effects of updates to Swiss municipality borders in the English version of DBpedia on standard quality metrics are studied. It turns out that live searches are practicable with acceptable performance, but that the quality of searches in terms of recall and precision is acceptable only if DBpedia is queried via GeoNames and DBpedia's links to GeoNames are replaced by manually created links. Searches for Scottish unitary authority wards perform poorly for all approaches investigated. Recall and precision are strongly influenced by changes in municipality borders, with a relatively long latency suggesting that, at least in some cases, administrative changes propagate slowly into DBpedia. These results have important implications for those seeking to use location as a means to link data.