碳纤维布用于砖砌体抗震加固的试验研究

通过4片碳纤维布加固砖砌体在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验，研究了粘贴碳纤维布来增强砖砌体抗震能力这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布加固砖砌体的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布的用量以及贴布方式等因素对砖砌体抗震加固效果的影响。在此基础上，本文提出了碳纤维布加固砖砌体抗剪承载力的简化计算方法，可以满足实际工程设计的要求。     

CFRP对砖墙抗震加固对比试验研究与计算分析

结合一工程实践的需要，通过5片碳纤维布加固的新建墙体在周期反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了碳纤维布加固对砌体结构抗震性能的影响，以及砌砌体在碳纤维布加固后的受力特性，比较了不同加固方案对砖砌体加固效果的影响，在此基础上讨论了对碳纤维布加固砖墙抗剪承载力计算模型，并提出了简化计算公式。     

用碳纤维布改善混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震性能的试验研究

通过4片碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验，研究了用粘贴碳纤维布来增强混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震能力这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布不同用量对混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震加固效果的影响。在此基础上，本文提出了碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗剪承载力的简化计算方法，可供实际抗震加固工程设计参考。     

碳纤维布增强钢筋混凝土柱延性性能的评估与分析

在试验研究的基础上，对碳纤维布提高钢筋混凝土柱延性的机理进行了分析，确定了碳纤维布用量、轴压比、剪跨比、矩形截面柱转角部位的形状等试验因素对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱延性的影响规律。在此基础上，重点对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱延性性能的评估与分析方法进行了研究，提出了碳纤维布加固矩形截面钢筋混凝土柱位移延性比的理论计算方法和简化计算公式。计算结果与试验数据能较好地吻合。工程技术人员可以应用上述方法，对碳纤维布增强钢筋混凝土柱延性性能进行合理的评估与分析。     

碳纤维布改善高强混凝土柱延性的试验研究

本文进行了8根高强混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了使用碳纤维布横向包裹的高强混凝土柱来提高其延性这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布横向包裹高强混凝土柱的受力特性，分析了加荷角度，碳纤维布拉伸强度以及碳纤维布的包裹层数等因素对构件抗震加效果的影响，并对碳纤维布加固高强混凝土柱使其延性提高的机理进行了探讨，试验结果表明，横向缠裹碳纤维布可显著提高高强混凝土柱的延性。     

碳纤维布加固开窗洞实心粘土砖墙的试验研究

通过对碳纤维布加固的带窗洞粘土砖墙在周期性荷载作用下受力性能的试验,研究了粘贴碳纤维布加固修复带窗洞粘土砖墙这种抗震加固方法的有效性和其抗震加固的效果.对加固后墙体的破坏形态、变形性能、耗能能力和承载力作了全面的分析,研究了碳纤维布加固带窗洞粘土砖墙的受力和变形特性,分析了碳纤维布对开裂砖墙的加固机理,表明碳纤维布用于带窗洞粘土砖墙的抗震加固是很有效的.     

用碳纤维布改善钢筋混凝土极短柱抗震性能的试验研究

本文进行了5根钢筋混凝土极短柱（λ=1.0）在周期反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了使用碳纤维布横向包裹钢筋混凝土极短柱以提高其延性这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布横向包裹钢筋混凝土极短柱的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布抗拉强度对试件抗震性能的影响，并对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土极短柱使其延性提高的机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明，横向包裹碳纤维布可显著提高钢筋混凝土极短柱的变形性能。     

碳纤维加固严重破坏砌体墙的试验研究

为研究碳纤维布加固严重破坏砌体墙的有效性,开展了4片严重破坏墙体的碳纤维布加固试验,研究了试件在低周反复荷载作用下的试验性能,考查了其破坏形态和破坏特征,对比分析了墙体的承载力、延性和耗能能力等性能。研究表明:采用粘贴碳纤维布加固严重破坏墙体的方法是可行且有效的;加固后墙体的抗剪承载力、变形性能都较原墙墙体有明显提高;碳纤维布布置方法不同,对墙体的约束效果不同;碳纤维布破坏时其应变远小于其极限抗拉应变,建议碳纤维布加固严重破坏墙体时无须使用高强度的碳纤维布。     

碳纤维布加固震损钢管混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为了研究带有地震损伤钢管混凝土柱采用碳纤维布加固后的抗震性能,按照1∶2缩尺比例设计并制作了4根钢管混凝土柱,进行了模拟地震的预损伤、碳纤维布加固和震损柱加固后的低周往复荷载破坏试验。试验结果表明:碳纤维布加固震损钢管混凝土柱提高了柱的承载力和刚度,其延性和耗能能力得到了明显改善;碳纤维布对柱的加固效果与损伤程度有关,损伤越大的柱经碳纤维布加固后的延性、耗能能力、刚度和承载力都低于损伤越小的柱;在一定损伤程度情况下,受碳纤维布加固柱恢复并超过受损前的抗震性能。     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系及其破坏位移增大系数分析

编制了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系全过程分析程序,通过对多种工况下碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系进行大量计算分析,较全面地探讨了碳纤维布配箍特征值、轴压比、剪跨比、箍筋配箍特征值、纵筋配筋率、混凝土强度等参数对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系及其破坏位移增大系数的影响。在此基础上,给出了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱破坏位移增大系数的回归计算公式,统计建立了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系三折线模型中各无量纲特征参数的确定方法。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.