Triple-junction migration during Paleozoic plate convergence: the Aracena metamorphic belt, Hercynian massif, Spain

New data on the petrology and structure of the Aracena metamorphic belt shows that this is a subduction-related, low-pressure/high-temperature complex developed by plate convergence at the north margin of Gondwana during the Paleozoic. The low-pressure, inverted metamorphic gradient in MORB-derived amphibolites resulted from heating from the continental hanging wall during subduction. This implies that the previous heating of the continental rocks was related to subduction of an oceanic ridge and the creation of a slab window beneath the continental margin. This slab window brought the asthenosphere in contact with the continental margin inducing a shallow thermal anomaly and partial melting of the lithospheric mantle resulting in boninite magmatism.     

The genesis of Variscan (Hercynian) plutonic rocks: Inferences from Sr,Pb, and O studies on the Maladeta igneous complex,central Pyrenees (Spain)

The Maladeta plutonic complex formed during the latest stages of the Variscan orogeny. It was emplaced into the Paleozoic sedimentary sequence of the Pyrenees. The eastern part, investigated in the present study, consists of an early intrusion of cumulate gabbronorites followed in order of emplacement by the main biotite-hornblende granodiorite, which was itself intruded by two small stocks of two-mica cordierite granite. An ⁸⁷Rb-⁸⁷Sr isochron dates the granodiorite at 277±7 m.y. with an initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_o ratio of 0.7117±3. Gabbroic rocks have lower strontium initial ratios, down to 0.7092, while those of granite range from that of the granodiorite up to about 0.715. The three rock types have distinctive ¹⁸O values: 8.7 to 9.6 for the gabbronorites, 9.4 to 10.4 for the granodiorites and 10.3 to 11.8 for the granites. Lead isotopic compositions of rocks and feldspars are all radiogenic. Feldspars give consistent Pb model ages around 280 m.y., with and values of about 9.7 and 4.05, respectively. No pristine, mantle-derived magma was found among the investigated samples and the rocks cannot be related to one another by any simple mechanism of fractional crystallization. Some type of mixing process involving two end members seems to be required: a high-¹⁸O, high-⁸⁷Sr material that is clearly of crustal origin, and a lower-¹⁸O, lower-⁸⁷Sr end member derived from the mantle. Examination of various mixing models does not support magma mixing nor assimilation of crustal rocks by a mafic magma. The most acceptable model involves melting at different levels of a vertically-zoned source in the continental crust; this source was formed by mixing between mantle-derived magmas and crustal metasediments. This material was apparently thickened, tectonically downwarped and partially melted. None of the Maladeta magma-types appear to have been derived at a consuming plate boundary.Contribution Number 3280, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA     

The Mari Rosa late Hercynian Sb-Au deposit, western Spain

The central Iberian zone of the Hesperian Massif hosts a series of late Hercynian vein-type Sb deposits. One of them is the Mari Rosa mineralization, hosted by metagreywackes and slates of the Schist-Greywacke Complex (Upper Precambrian). The mineralization is characterized by a complex paragenesis comprising three hydrothermal stages: stage H1 arsenopyrite-(pyrite); stage H2 stibnite-gold; and stage H3 pyrite-pyrrhotite-galena-sphalerite-chalcopyrite-tetrahedrite-boul-angerite-stibnite. Of these only the second episode was of importance and gave rise to the main mineralized bodies of the deposit. Hydrothermal alteration consists of a mild sericitization, chloritization and carbonatization of the metasedimentary rocks around the veins. Chemical changes in the hydrothermal halos include a remarkable increase in the ratio K₂O/Na₂O, and a decrease in the ratio SiO₂/volatiles, together with a sharp increase in Sb, Mo, Au and N. Fluids associated with ore deposition lie in the H₂O-NaCl-CO₂-CH₄-N₂ compositional system. These fluids evolved, progressively cooling, from initial circulaion temperatures close to 400 °C in the early stage (H1) to temperatures of approximately 150 °C in the late one (H3). Fluid composition evolution was characterized by a progressive increase in the bulk water content of the fluids and with an increase in the relative proportion of N₂ with respect to CH₄ and CO₂ in the volatile fraction. Massive stibnite deposition resulted from a boiling process developed at 300 °C and 0.9–1 Kb at a depth of 4–5 km. Geological, geochemical and fluid inclusion evidence suggest that the intrusion of the Alburquerque batholith (late Hercynian S-type granitoids) triggered hydrothermal activity leading to the transport and deposition of Sb and Au in Mari Rosa.     

Geochemistry of granitic rocks from the Hercynian Sardinia-Corsica batholith: Implication for magma genesis

The Sardinia-Corsica batholith was structured in the late stage of the Hercynian orogenesis. The granitoids intrude mainly metamorphic complexes grading from zeolite up to amphibolite facies. The batholith is heterogeneous consisting of complexes with different affinity, chemical composition, age and degree of deformation. The present paper reports major-and trace-element data for selected samples coming only from Sardinian outcrops.

The rocks range from gabbro-diorite to tonalite, monzogranite and leucogranite. The two latter lithologies are the most abundant, gabbrodiorites and tonalites occurring in minor amounts and mainly in northern-central Sardinia. Over 75% of the granitoids contain microgranular enclaves of magmatic origin. The age of the rocks falls in the interval between 307 and 281 Ma. Sr isotope initial ratios are high, ranging between 0.7083 and 0.7107.

REE, Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr, Th, Ta, Hf, Co and Sc abundances were determined on selected samples. All elements follow three types of trends vs. CaO, which is used as differentiation index. Two trends show positive and negative correlations while the third one shows a bell-shaped pattern. LREE have different degrees of enrichment (La = 20−120× ch) and HREE show variable fractionation with prevailing (Tb/Yb)_n<1. The two peraluminous samples have very different geochemical characteristics.

From the geochemical point of view all the rocks coming from the Sardinian segment of the batholith display a typical calc-alkaline chemical character showing the imprint of both “normal and mature” continental arc geodynamic environments.

Geochemical trends suggest some petrogenetic constraints. The complete sequence of differentiation can be neither the product of crystal/liquid fractionation processes starting from a single basic parent magma nor the product of an AFC process. On the contrary, a two-stage model can be proposed. In the first stage a mafic melt of subcrustal origin interacted with monzogranitic magmas derived from 25–35% degree of melting of a crustal biotite amphibolitic source. Such a mixing process acted together with a crystal/liquid fractionation process to give tonalites and granodiorites. In the second stage lesser degrees of melting of the same crustal source could give the late-stage leucogranitic masses.

A possible scenario, able to take into account field and geochemical data, can be suggested for the genesis of this suite and we propose it as a working model for future investigations.     

Experimental Constraints on Hercynian Anatexis in the Iberian Massif, Spain

We have studied experimentally the melting relationships ofthe Ollo de Sapo gneiss (OSG), an important crustal protolithfor the Iberian leucogranites, of possible volcanoclastic origin.The results of this study are compared with previously determinedPTt paths, allowing us to interpret the mechanisms of meltingand granitoid production during the Hercynian orogenic cycle.Phase relationships determined in fluid-absent experiments indicatethat the OSG is a fertile source for peraluminous leucogranites.The slope of the fluid-absent solidus is strongly controlledby the breakdown of Ms in the presence of Qtz, Pl and Kfs. Thissolidus curve has a positive slope ranging from dP/dT = 30 bar/°Cat low P (<6 kbar) to dP/dT = 70 bar/°C at higher P (6–15kbar). The relationships between the Ms vapour-absent solidusand the PTt metamorphic paths in different sectors of the Iberianmassif have two important implications: (1) melt productivityis strongly favoured at low P; (2) anatexis in the Iberian massifprobably took place by decompression associated with crustalthinning and extension. These results are in agreement withthe relationships between granite production and tectonic deformationphases observed in the Iberian massif. Our results emphasizethat anatexis is a process that is strongly controlled bothby the phase relationships of the crustal protoliths and bythe thermal structure of the continental crust. Consequently,one must be careful when assigning potential crustal protolithsto particular granite associations exclusively on the basisof geochemical comparisons. KEY WORDS: anatexis; Hercynian orogen; Iberian massif     

大茶园铀矿床成矿物质来源:C-O和Sr-Nd同位素证据

赣杭铀成矿带是我国最大的火山岩型铀成矿带,大茶园(661)铀矿床是该成矿带东段最重要的火山岩型铀矿床,矿体赋存于晚中生代磨石山群九里坪组流纹岩中。为探讨该铀矿床成矿物质来源,对采自大茶园铀矿床中的脉石矿物开展了系统的C-O和Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果表明,成矿流体中矿化剂∑CO_2主要来源于地幔,部分来自于基底大理岩或沉积碳酸盐岩碳;成矿期后方解石碳同位素组成靠近基底大理岩或沉积碳酸盐岩组成,可能主要为壳源碳酸盐岩的贡献;成矿期流体中∑CO_2以HCO_3~-为主,CO_2去气作用为方解石沉淀形成的主要机制。成矿期不同阶段方解石与萤石的Sr、Nd同位素组成没有明显差别且变化较小,显示矿床中脉石矿物的同源性。通过与基底陈蔡群变质岩和盖层火山岩的Sr、Nd同位素组成对比发现,成矿期萤石与盖层火山岩具有类似的Sr同位素组成,表明大茶园铀矿床成矿物质以壳源为主,主要来自于赋矿火山岩,而Nd同位素进一步表明成矿物质可能来源于赋矿的流纹岩。岩石圈伸展控制着富CO_2热液的形成,富CO_2热液在上升过程中萃取壳源(尤其是富铀火山岩)中成矿物质,并在有利的成矿部位通过CO_2去气作用导致铀沉淀成矿。     

Considerations about Hercynian thrusting in the Marimanya massif (central Pyrenees)

We can distinguish four main units within the Marimanya massif: the Cambro-Ordovician detrital series; a carbonate unit, mainly made up of massive limestones dated as Silurian-Devonian; dark slates and limestones dated as Middle-Upper Devonian; and the late Hercynian Marimanya intrusive, mainly composed of granites and granodiorites. Mapping has shown that the carbonate units lie on different levels of the Cambro-Ordovician series and even on the dark slates and limestones. This abnormal contact is demonstrated to be a thrust. The thrusting surface is affected by Hercynian folds with vertical axial planes, a fold axis trending E-W and an associated cleavage. Moreover, it is cut by the late Hercynian intrusive. Consequently, considering paleontological and structural data as well as the regional context, the most reasonable interpretation is that this structure represents a Hercynian thrust, probably with southward displacement.     

Age, geodynamic setting, and mantle enrichment processes of a K-rich intrusion from the Meissen massif (northern Bohemian massif) and implications for related occurrences from the mid-European Hercynian

The plutonic complex of the Meissen massif (northern margin of the Bohemian massif) comprises dioritic to mainly monzonitic and granitic rocks. The diorite to monzonite intrusions show major and trace element patterns typical for shoshonitic series. The chemical signatures of less crustally contaminated diorites are similar to arc-related shoshonitic rocks derived from continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) sources previously enriched by subduction of altered oceanic crust. Laser step heating ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar analyses on actinolitic to edenitic amphiboles from geographically different occurrences of the monzonitic intrusion yielded concordant plateau ages as well as total gas ages ranging from 329.1±1.4 to 330.4±1.4?Ma and from 330.4±2.1 to 330.6±1.8?Ma, respectively. These cooling ages are indistinguishable from sensitive highresolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb intrusion ages measured on magmatic zircon rims from the monzonite (Nasdala et al., submitted). This shows that the monzonite intrusion is probably not related temporally to active subduction because it postdates eclogites of the adjacent Saxonian Erzgebirge by approximately 20?Ma. The shoshonitic magmas intruded during strike-slip tectonism along the Elbe valley zone. The enrichment of their mantle sources may be of Upper Devonian/Lower Carboniferous age or older. Intrusions of shoshonitic to ultra-potassic (K-rich) rocks during the Upper Visean/Namurian are widespread in the Moldanubian zone. Based on similar ages and structural relationships a similar post-collisional setting to the Meissen shoshonitic rocks can be demonstrated. Most of these occurrences cut high-grade nappe units which were subducted during the Upper Devonian/Lower Carboniferous. In contrast to the Meissen massif, at least the ultra-potassic members of the Central and the South Bohemian batholiths were derived from CLM sources enriched by fluids or melts released from subducted oceanic crust and by greater portions of crustal material. Despite the similar post-collisional geodynamic setting of the K-rich intrusions, different enrichment processes generated mid-European Hercynian CLM sources with heterogeneous major and trace element and isotopic signatures.     

辽东半岛早白垩世三股流岩体岩石成因:微量元素模拟和Sr-Nd同位素的制约

辽东半岛在中生代发生大规模的岩浆活动和金成矿作用,其中尤以白垩纪岩浆作用最为强烈。本文对早白垩世三股流岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。三股流岩体主要由似斑状角闪黑云花岗岩和细粒黑云母花岗岩组成,分别形成于125.1±1.2Ma和128.7±2.2Ma。穿切三股流岩体的闪长岩脉形成于125.1±2.4Ma。角闪黑云花岗岩具有准铝质、富水、高氧逸度特征,为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。微量元素模拟和Sr-Nd同位素表明角闪黑云花岗岩可能来源于古元古代变基性岩和辽河群变中性岩的部分熔融。细粒黑云母花岗岩并非直接来源于中下地壳岩石的部分熔融,而是角闪黑云花岗岩分异演化的结果。岩相学和微量元素模拟表明,分离相主要为钾长石+斜长石+角闪石+黑云母+石英。细粒黑云母花岗岩亏损中稀土的特征表明榍石也是重要的分离相。随着岩浆的演化,粒间高硅熔体由于发生水饱和而快速结晶形成具有细粒结构的高硅黑云母花岗岩。闪长岩脉具有高Mg^#（0.51~0.52）和高Sr/Y（83.3~85.5）特征,属于埃达克质高镁闪长岩。相对于三股流花岗岩,较低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始值（0.708723）、负的ε_Nd（t）值（-14.1）指示闪长岩脉可能形成于幔源岩浆和壳源岩浆的混合作用。由于太平洋板块的俯冲造成华北克拉通的减薄,早白垩世辽东半岛处于强烈伸展体制,富集岩浆圈地幔部分形成的玄武质岩浆底侵下地壳,引起中下地壳发生部分熔融并发生强烈的结晶分异,形成三股流岩体。同时,玄武质岩浆在上升过程中与壳源花岗质岩浆发生一定程度的混合作用,形成埃达克质高镁闪长岩脉。     

滇西金宝山富铂钯岩体岩浆源区研究：铂族元素和Sr-Nd同位素约束

金宝山杂岩体位于扬子板块西缘,毗邻哀牢山造山带北段,岩体中蕴含丰富的铂钯资源,是峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)中大型岩浆型铂族元素矿床。岩体的主要组成为辉石橄榄岩,矿体以似层状、透镜状产出于辉石橄榄岩中。地幔是镍矿床和铂族元素矿床最重要的源区,因而对Ni、Cu及PGE等元素行为的研究,是剖析岩浆型Ni-Cu-PGE矿床源区特征的一个重要研究方向。该研究获得金宝山岩体中辉橄岩铂族元素及Sr-Nd同位素数据,结合前人对ELIP中不同类型岩石系列PGE成分研究及Ni、Cu、PGE等元素在岩浆和硫化物中的分配系数,半定量模拟得到金宝山原始岩浆的形成源于地幔中高度部分熔融(25%~40%)形成的富PGE岩浆(含12.8×10-9 Pd,9.8×10-9 Pt,0.6×10-9 Rh和0.7×10-9 Ir),其铂族元素成分与ELIP苦橄岩成分相当,并且岩浆在演化的过程中遭受了10%~20%地壳混染作用。利用批式部分熔融公式及各铂族元素在硅酸盐矿物和熔体之间的分配系数反演计算得到产生金宝山熔体的地幔约含有5.3×10-9 Pd,7.5×10-9 Pt,0.75×10-9 Rh和1.5×10-9 Ir,相比原始地幔而言并没有表现出明显富集PGE的特征。这表明地幔中高度部分熔融+大量岩浆与硫化物的充分反应是形成大型岩浆型铂族元素矿床的一种可具备的条件。     

Abiotic methane seepage in the Ronda peridotite massif,southern Spain

Abiotic methane in serpentinized peridotites (MSP) has implications for energy resource exploration, planetary geology, subsurface microbiology and astrobiology. Once considered a rare occurrence on Earth, reports of MSP are increasing for numerous localities worldwide in low temperature, land-based springs and seeps. We report the discovery of six methane-rich water springs and two ponds with active gas bubbling in the Ronda peridotite massif, in southern Spain. Water is hyperalkaline with typical hydrochemical features of active serpentinization (pH: 10.7 to 11.7, T: 17.1 to 21.5 °C, Ca–OH facies). Dissolved CH₄ concentrations range from 0.1 to 3.2 mg/L. The methane stable C and H isotope ratios in the natural spring and bubbling sites (δ¹³C_CH4: −12.3 to −37‰ VPDB; δ²H_CH4: −280 to −333‰ VSMOW) indicate a predominant abiotic origin. In contrast, springs with manmade water systems, i.e., pipes or fountains, appear to have mixed biotic-abiotic origin (δ¹³C_CH4: −44 to −69‰; δ²H_CH4: −180 to −319‰). Radiocarbon (¹⁴C) analyses show that methane C in a natural spring is older than ca. 50,000 y BP, whereas dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analysed in all springs has an apparent ¹⁴C age ranging from modern to 2334 y BP. Therefore most, if not all, of the CH₄ is allochthonous, i.e., not generated from the carbon in the hyperalkaline water. Methane is also released as bubbles in natural ponds and as diffuse seepages (∼10¹–10² mg CH₄ m⁻²d⁻¹) from the ground up to several tens of metres from the seeps and springs, albeit with no overt visual evidence. These data suggest that the gas follows independent migration pathways, potentially along faults or fracture systems, physically isolated from the hyperalkaline springs. Methane does not seem to be genetically related to the hyperalkaline water, which may only act as a carrier of the gas. Gas-bearing springs, vents and invisible microseepage in land-based peridotites are more common than previously thought. In addition to other geological sources, MSP is potentially a natural source of methane for the troposphere and requires more worldwide flux measurements.     

Sequential, syndeformational porphyroblast growth during Hercynian low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphism in the Canigou massif, Pyrenees

The sequence of growth of garnet, staurolite and aluminosilicate in Fe-rich metapelitic rocks from the Canigou massif, Pyrenees, is established using evidence of inclusion, reaction and pseudomorphing textures between the different minerals, compositional zoning patterns in garnet and staurolite (that can be related to the KFMASH reaction grid), and the geometric relations between inclusion trails in the porphyroblasts and the matrix microstructures. The evidence indicates that garnet and staurolite commenced growth before aluminosilicate in all cases, even where all three are in textural equilibrium. Interpretation of the reaction textures between the porphyroblasts and of the compositional zoning in garnet and staurolite in terms of the KFMASH reaction grid indicates the importance of continuous reactions in the development of these phases. Some garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts underwent renewed growth during breakdown, producing rims enriched in Mn and Zn respectively. The presence of aluminosilicate in these assemblages (i.e. the absence of a clear andalusite-absent zone in the field) is attributed to a strong pressure-dependence for the aluminosilicate-producing reactions. Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relations indicate that Hercynian metamorphism in the massif was synchronous with the development of the regional subhorizontal foliation (S3).     

辽宁鞍本地区沉积变质型富铁矿的成因：Fe、Si、O、S同位素证据

辽宁鞍本地区是我国最重要的鞍山式沉积变质型(BIF)铁矿矿集区,弓长岭铁矿是我国唯一的由鞍山式贫铁矿经后期热液改造形成的大型磁铁富矿.本文在前人工作基础上,对比研究了鞍本地区贫铁矿、富铁矿和蚀变围岩的铁、硅、氧、硫同位素组成特征和空间变化规律,结合磁铁富矿的地质特征,对成矿流体的性质、来源、成矿作用和富矿成矿机制提出了新的认识.指出鞍本地区富铁矿的成矿作用与辽东地区古元古代造山运动结束后(1.85 Ga)地壳抬升引发的非造山岩浆侵入和热液活动有关,成矿溶液由大气降水演化形成,而非变质热液或混合岩化热液;成矿溶液淋滤了辽河群蒸发盐地层中富13C碳酸盐、富34S石膏、CH4等成矿物质,成矿溶液具偏酸性弱还原特征;铁质活化再富集是鞍本地区富铁矿形成的重要机制,成矿溶液与贫铁矿及围岩反应使铁质以Fe2+形式活化迁移.温度降低、氧逸度升高或与大气降水混合是溶液中Fe2+氧化形成磁铁矿沉淀的主要原因;在Fe2+被氧化形成磁铁矿的同时,成矿溶液中的CH4被氧化形成石墨,与磁铁矿一起沉淀下来,形成含石墨磁铁富矿;溶液中SO42-被还原形成富34S黄铁矿.     

阿拉善地块北缘雅布赖地区基性岩墙地球化学、年代学和Sr-Nd同位素特征

雅布赖地区位于阿拉善地块北缘,雅布赖-诺日公-红谷尔玉林构造带西端,该地区晚古生代岩浆岩内广泛出露基性岩墙。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,雅布赖地区基性岩墙成岩年龄为268±1.6 Ma,时代归属为中二叠世早期,岩石地球化学分析表明,该地区基性岩墙∑REE=143.01×10~(-6)～278.8×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=7.43～10.16,(La/Yb)_N=7.27～12.31,轻、重稀土分馏明显,具不明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.84～1.05),在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,配分曲线右倾,重稀土较平坦;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中,表现出相对富集LREE、Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。基性岩墙初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化于0.707403～0.707986之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-2.9～-4.7之间。分析认为,雅布赖地区基性岩墙岩浆来源为板片俯冲作用改造的富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于碰撞后伸展的构造背景。     

藏南泽当岛弧花岗岩成因限定——来自角闪石岩锆石U-Pb、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素的证据

泽当岛弧位于藏南乃东县境内,主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩组成,是晚侏罗世洋壳俯冲的产物。本文对该地区出露的角闪石岩开展了野外地质调查,通过室内SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素等研究,探讨了泽当角闪石岩的成因、源区及其与花岗岩的成因关系,获得以下认识:角闪石岩成岩年龄为159.1±7.2 Ma;角闪石岩具有较低Sr含量、较高的Y含量和较低的Sr/Y值,富集MREE;角闪石岩与花岗岩Sr-Nd同位素特征一致,角闪石岩~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr (t)值(0.704 0～0.704 5)较低,εNd (t)值变化范围为+5.5～+6.1。结合前人研究认为,泽当岛弧的英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩均来自地幔楔部分熔融作用。英云闪长岩为相对原始的岩浆,在角闪石分离结晶作用未结束前,先从岩浆房中分离出来;残余岩浆继续发生角闪石分离结晶作用,导致Sr/Y值进一步升高和Cr、Ni、MREE含量进一步降低。因此,角闪石的分离结晶作用是泽当岛弧高Sr/Y花岗岩形成的关键因素。     

拉萨地块西段中新世查加寺钾质火山岩岩石成因*——岩石地球化学、年代学和Sr-Nd同位素约束

通常认为,青藏高原碰撞后钾质超钾质岩是交代富集上地幔低度部分熔融的产物,而最近的研究则表明,钾质火山岩也可以起源于下地壳源区.文章对青藏高原拉萨地块西段新识别出的查加寺火山岩进行了岩石地球化学、锆石SIMS U-Pb定年和Sr-Nd同位素研究,结果表明其岩石类型为碱性系列钾质粗面岩,锆石SIMS U Pb 年龄为(23.97±0.28) Ma,说明火山活动为中新世.钾质粗面岩显示出富集LREE及LILE(K、Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb)、亏损HFSE(Ti、Nb、Ta、P),具有类似于埃达克质岩的稀土元素分布模式和微量元素蛛网图分布模式的特征;具有高的La/Yb比值(81～105)、较高的ω(Sr)(409×10-6～472×10-6)、较高的Sr/Y比值(28-37)、较低的ω(Y)(11.5×10-6～15.7×10-6)、明显亏损重稀土元素Yb(0.78×10-6～1.08×1)-6)、较高的w(Al2O3)(15.47％～16.7％)、较低的w(MgO)(0.63％～2.12％),无明显的Eu、Sr负异常,类似于典型的埃达克岩成分特征;具有高的w(K2O)(6.28％～6.97％)、高的Rb/Sr比值(0.94～1.03)和低的Ba/Rb比值(2.21～2.51),以及Na2O、K2O与SiO2无明显的相关关系,表明源区的富钾矿物是以金云母为主;具有较低的ω(Cr) 、ω(Ni)(分别为53.4×10-6～69.4×10-6,11.4×10-6～23.5×10-6),以及较低的εNd值(-12.6～-11.8)和较高的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.73207～0.73249).所有这些特征都表明,查加寺钾质粗面岩起源于拉萨地块增厚下地壳富钾物质的部分熔融.查加寺钾质粗面岩具有约145Ma、75 Ma和30 Ma等3组继承锆石年龄群.     

Structural pattern and ascent model in the Central Extremadura batholith,Hercynian belt,Spain

The Central Extremadura batholith constitutes an important alignment of plutonic rocks occupying part of the internal zones of the Iberian Hercynian belt. It comprises 13 plutons and numerous minor intrusions, and covers a wide compositional range from quartz-diorites to alkali-feldspar granites. Structural study of the individual plutons reveals that their internal structural patterns may be correlated. Correlation between the different structural patterns in the plutons and interpretation of the superimposed deformation in the metasedimentary host rocks indicate that the plutons were emplaced and deformed in an E-W, dextral, intracontinental shear zone developed during the second deformation phase (302–320 Ma). A qualitative ascent model has been established as follows: (1) development of extensional fractures at 45° to the E-W, dextral, shear zone; (2) intrusion of granitic magmas along these fractures and (3) rotation of the earlier intrusions, in a dextral sense, inducing antithetic shear zones (N-S sinistral) and a transverse shortening, perpendicular to the major axis of the earlier, deformed plutons as well as the forced emplacement of the later plutons.     

The metamorphic evolution of the Muxia-Finisterre region (Galice,NW Spain) during the Hercynian Orogenesis

Mineral chemistry and crystal growth-deformation relationships in metapelites, orthogneises and metabasic rocks from the Muxia-Finisterre region show that this area has been affected by plurifacial regional metamorphism during the Hercynian Orogenesis. Paragenetic evolution seems to be related to a change of the metamorphic gradient towards relatively lower P_s conditions in the mesozone, while this character is less evident in catazonal rocks. In both cases there was a continuous increase in T and decrease in {ie657-02}.The metamorphic climax was reached during the second metamorphic episode (M₂). This event took place during and even after the second deformation phase (P₂). The latter gave rise to the main foliation observed in studied rocks (S₂) which almost practically erased signs of previous schistosity. Relationships between metamorphic evolution and different geotectonic models are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Mineralchemismus und die Beziehungen Kristallwachstum-Deformation in Metapeliten, Orthogneisen und metabasischen Gesteinen aus der Muxia-Finisterra-Region, zeigen eine Beeinflussung dieses Gebietes durch eine plurifazielle Regionalmetamorphose während der herzynischen Orogenese.Die paragenetische Entwicklung scheint mit einer Veränderung des metamorphen Gradienten in Richtung niedrigerer P_s-Bedingungen in der Mesozone einherzugehen, während dies in katazonalen Gesteinen weniger deutlich ist.In beiden Fällen gab es eine kontinuierliche Zunahme der Temperatur (T) bzw. Abnahme des {ie657-01}.Der Höhepunkt der Metamorphose wurde während der zweiten metamorphen Episode (M₂) erreicht. Dieses Ereignis fand statt während und sogar nach der zweiten Deformationsphase (P₂). Letzteres verursachte die Hauptschieferung (S₂) in den untersuchten Gesteinen, die die Merkmale einer älteren Schieferung nahezu ausgelöscht hat.Beziehungen zwischen metamorpher Entwicklung und verschiedener geotektonischer Modelle werden diskutiert.

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Résumé Les compositions chimiques des minéraux ainsi que leur relation croissance-déformation dans les métapélites, ortho-gneiss et métabasites de la région Muxia-Finisterre, suggèrent que cette secteur a subi un métamorphisme régional plurifacial lors de l'Orogenèse Hercynienne. L'évolution des paragenèses semble être liée à un changement du gradient métamorphique vers des conditions de P_s relativement plus basses dans la mésozone, ceci étant moins évident dans les roches catazonales. Dans les deux cas il y a eu une augmentation continue de la T et une diminution de la {ie657-03}. Le paroxisme du métamorphisme a été atteint lors du deuxième épisode métamorphique (M₂). Cet événement a lieu généralement pendant ou légèrement après la deuxième phase de déformation (P₂). Celle-ci donne la foliation principale de la roche (S₂), laquelle a presque entièrement effacé les marques d'une schistosité pré-existante. Des relations entre l'évolution métamorphique et différents modèles géotectoniques sont discutées.

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, Muxia-Finisterre , . , , , P , , . (), {ie658-01}. (₂) . (₂). (S₂) , . .

     

Inner structure,composition, and genesis of the Chineiskii anorthosite-gabbronorite massif,Northern Transbaikalia

The Chineiskii anorthosite-gabbronorite massif is the most typical layered intrusion in Russia, which is accompanied by large V and Cu deposits. This massif is first considered to be a component of the Proterozoic volcanic-plutonic system of the Kodar-Udokan district, whose largest massifs are Chineiskii and Lukturskii. This system also comprises numerous dikes (including the Main gabbronorite dike at the Udokan deposit, whose thickness reaches 200 m), which are likely the magmatic feeders of ancient volcanism. An intermediate position in the vertical section of the magmatic system is occupied by gabbroids, whose exposures occur in the peripheral part of the Lurbunskii granite massif. The intrusive rocks were proved to be genetically interrelated and show certain similar geochemical features: they bear elevated TiO₂ concentrations and have similar trace element patterns and (La/Sm)_N and (Gd/Yb)_N ratios (1.5–2.3 and 1.87–2.06, respectively). The Chineiskii Massif is thought to have been formed by the successive emplacement of genetically similar basic magmas, which produced four rock groups with fine and coarse layering and cyclicity of variable rank (microrhythms, rhythms, units, and series). The results of cluster analysis indicate that the rocks can be classified into 13 petrochemical types. The phase and chemical characteristics of the parental melts of these compositions were simulated with the use of the COMAGMAT-3.5 computer model, which was also applied to evaluate the composition of the most primitive initial magma of the whole Chineiskii Massif. Our results indicate that the primitive magma was heterogeneous (olivine + plagioclase ± titanomagnetite + melt) at a temperature of approximately 1130°C. The initial melt had a ferrobasaltic composition and was close to saturation with magnetite at ～NNO ± 0.5