济南泉域岩溶地下水水质变化分析

济南泉域岩溶地下水水质变化研究认为,随着经济的发展和人类活动的增强,水体的总硬度、SO42-、Cl- 和NO-3等指标均呈上升趋势,且近期离子浓度升高的速率加快。从泉域间接补给区到直接补给区再到排泄区,地下水污染逐步加重,水质逐渐变差。      

地下水水质预测中GM（1,1）模型参数的简易识别法

本文导出了ＧＭ（１，１）模型参数识别的一种新方法。实践证明，该法具有计算简便，精度高的特点。     

地下水水质参数在抽水过程中的不稳定性及其？…

大庆市 家水源地井口现场和实验室测定的地下水水质参数与其真实情况存在差异。运用水文地球化学手段模拟了地下水从含水层补抽出至地表的过程中由于所承受压力降低不可避免地导致ＣＯ２,Ｈ２Ｓ等气体的逸出,从而影响ｐＨ,Ｅｈ的测定结果。最后指出了地下水采样测试技术的发展方向。     

试论重庆酸雨对地下水水质变异的影响

重庆系我国酸雨最严重的城市，也是世界三大酸雨区之一，本文依托历年水化学观测，试验资料，从酸化点ＰＨ值变化，酸化率、水的淡化、软化、矿化、硬化以及水化学类型等方面讨论了地下水的变异以及与酸雨形成的关系。     

地下水水质参数在抽水过程中的不稳定性及其水化学模拟——以大庆市齐家水源地为例

大庆市齐家水源地井口现场和实验室测定的地下水水质参数与其真实情况存在差异.运用水文地球化学手段模拟了地下水从含水层被抽出至地表的过程中由于所承受压力降低不可避免地导致CO₂, H₂S等气体的逸出, 从而影响pH, Eh的测定结果.最后指出了地下水采样测试技术的发展方向.      

地下水水质模拟中阻滞系数的实验研究

根据具体地下水污染问题研究的需要，从野外现场采集水样和土样，以Ｃｒ＾６＋为示踪剂，在室内进行渗流模拟试验、水质分析，并用解析法求得Ｃｒ＾６＋的阻滞系数（Ｒｄ）。本文将重点介绍实验原理、实验仪器、实验步骤和实验数据的处理方法。     

关于地下水水质模拟中模拟因子选择的研究——以济宁市地下水水质模型为例

在进行地下水水质预测时,人们不可能也不必要将所有对地下水产生变质作用的有害组分都作为模拟因子进入模型,因此,如何进行模拟因子的选择是地下水水质定量研究中的一个十分重要的课题。利用聚类分析和因子分析方法比较有效地解决了这一问题。     

地下水氘过量参数的演化

本文详细地介绍了提出水体氘过量参数 (d值 )的依据、源于大气降水的地下水氘过量参数 (d值 )的演化特点、影响因素、误差来源 ,并分析和讨论了应用中的一些问题。     

松花江区浅层地下水资源质量评价综述

基于全国第二次水资源调查评价成果,对松花江区地下水资源质量现状的评价成果进行综合概述;天然条件下,区内平原区地下水质量总体较优良;现状条件下,地下水水体污染比较严重,以来源于人为活动的有机污染为主;区内铁、氟异常区有较广的分布范围。从区域实际出发,建议开展供水质量安全,酚、砷迁移规律等问题的研究。     

窟野河流域中游煤矿区地下水质量及补给来源研究

为查明神东矿区地下水质量状况和补给来源,分析测试了不同含水层(第四系松散层、白垩系洛河组、侏罗系直罗组和延安组含水层)的一般化学指标、毒理学指标和环境同位素(D、18O、3H)的值,利用环境同位素(D、18O、3H)分析该区地下水的补给来源和更新能力,利用单指标综合评价和影响因素识别相结合的方法研究了区内地下水的质量现状和影响因素,采用四步法计算出毒理学指标的饮水途径健康风险值。结果表明:(1)第四系松散层地下水、白垩系洛河组地下水和侏罗系风化带水主要为现代大气降水补给,更新快。侏罗系深层基岩裂隙水主要为晚更新世冰期降水补给,与现代降水基本无水力联系;(2)侏罗系延安组地下水水质较差,Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水所占比例较高,达到47.9%,其他含水层地下水水质较好。总体上,对Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水单指标贡献率较大的指标为钠氟化物TDS氯化物硫酸盐;(3)毒理学指标中氟化物的健康风险值最大,其他毒理学指标健康风险基本都在可接受范围内。因此,氟化物应作为水污染监测和防治中的优先控制物。本次研究成果将为矿区水源地的选择和污染物防控提供科学依据。     

Spatial Distribution of Dissolved Radon in the Choptank River and Its Tributaries: Implications for Groundwater Discharge and Nitrate Inputs

The Choptank River, Chesapeake Bay’s largest eastern-shore tributary, is experiencing increasing nutrient loading and eutrophication. Productivity in the Choptank is predominantly nitrogen-limited, and most nitrogen inputs occur via discharge of high-nitrate groundwater into the river system’s surface waters. However, spatial patterns in the magnitude and quality of groundwater discharge are not well understood. In this study, we surveyed the activity of ²²²Rn, a natural groundwater tracer, in the Choptank’s main tidal channel, the large tidal tributary Tuckahoe Creek, smaller tidal and non-tidal tributaries around the basin, and groundwater discharging into those tributaries, measuring nitrate and salinity concurrently. ²²²Rn activities were <100 Bq m^?3 in the main tidal channel and 100–700 Bq m^?3 in the upper Choptank River and Tuckahoe Creek, while the median Rn activities of fresh tributaries and discharging groundwater were 1,000 and 7,000 Bq m^?3, respectively. Nitrate-N concentrations were <0.01 mg L^?1 throughout most of the tidal channel, 1.5–3 mg L^?1 in the upper reaches, up to 13 mg L^?1 in tributary samples, and up to 19.6 mg L^?1 in groundwater. Nitrate concentrations in tributary surface water were correlated with Rn activity in three of five sub-watersheds, indicating a groundwater nitrate source. ²²²Rn and salinity mass balances indicated that Rn-enriched groundwater discharges directly into the Choptank’s tidal waters and suggested that it consists of a mixture of fresh groundwater and brackish re-circulated estuarine water. Further sampling is necessary to constrain the Rn activity and nitrate concentration of discharging groundwater and quantify direct discharge and associated nitrogen inputs.     

Stable Isotope Composition of Rainfall,Surface Water and Groundwater along the Yellow River

The intention of this work is to consider the stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and deuterium in rainfall, surface water and groundwater along the Yellow River in the North China Plain (NCP). This demonstrated that the δ18O values in groundwater varied from –10.17 to –6.85‰, with mean value of –8.76‰, and that the δD ranged from –68.7 to –58.0‰, with mean value of –63.4‰, respectively. The δ18O values in surface water varied from –8.36 to 1.32‰, with mean value of –6.8‰, and δD ranged from –64.4 to –35.1‰, with mean value of –57.6‰, respectively. Further, The range of Cl- values of groundwater varied from 5.9 to 340.5 mg/L and that values ranged from 30.1 to 81.9 mg/L in surface water samples and Na+ value changed from 27.4 to 321 mg/L in groundwater, while that in surface water varied from 24.8 to 50.5 mg/L. Most of the points fall below the GMWL?, but are close to the LMWL.? Therefore the results indicated that the groundwaters along the Yellow River were influenced by rainfall in heavy events and surface water.     

宁夏清水河上游浅层地下水咸化作用研究

认识干旱区地下咸水的形成机制对水资源管理和规划具有重要意义。在宁夏清水河平原上游采集52组浅层地下水化学样品和8组易溶盐样品,分析了地下水咸化的水文地球化学作用,利用元素质量平衡法计算了各作用对地下水盐分的贡献比率。结果表明：沿径流方向,地下水咸化程度呈增加趋势。咸化作用主要为岩石风化,并具空间分异,在补给区以碳酸盐风化为主,在强径流区硫酸盐风化占优,在弱径流区硫酸盐和岩盐风化共同提供了68%～93%的盐量。随着地下水TDS增加,蒸发岩贡献比率上升,碳酸盐和硅酸盐贡献比率下降。蒸发岩风化是导致浅层地下水咸化的首要因素。     

郑州沿黄水源地不同钻井工艺试验研究

以生产科研相结合的方式,在郑州沿黄地下水源地地区使用正循环钻进工艺施工水井8眼,泵吸反循环钻进施工工艺施工水井11眼,通过这2种水井钻进工艺的效率和经济性分析,得出郑州沿黄地下水源地地区使用泵吸反循环钻进施工工艺的最佳成井深度为140.75 m以浅,正循环钻进施工工艺最佳成井深度为140.75 m以深的结论,以此为今后类似地区水井施工钻进工艺选择提供参照依据。     

Groundwater flow through Pleistocene glacial deposits in the rapidly urbanizing Rouge River–Highland Creek watershed,City of Scarborough,southern Ontario,Canada

The city of Scarborough lies on the eastern margin of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, Canada, along the northern coastline of Lake Ontario. The City has a population of 500,000 and is presently one of the fastest growing communities in Canada. The City is expanding northwards onto rural land on the south slope of the large Pleistocene glacial Oak Ridges Moraine system. The moraine system is underlain by a thick (150 m) succession of tills, sands and gravels and is a regionally-significant recharge area for three principle aquifer systems that discharge to numerous watercourses that flow to Lake Ontario. Protection of deeper aquifers from surface-generated urban contaminants is a particular concern. A groundwater flow model using Visual MODFLOW was developed for the 350-km² Rouge River–Highland Creek (RRHC) drainage basin using an extensive GIS-based collection of subsurface geological, geophysical and hydrogeological data, maps of land use and surficial geology. The RRHC model was calibrated against point water level data, known potentiometric surfaces of the principal aquifers and baseflow measurements from streamflow gauging stations and determined to be within acceptable limits. Water balance calculations indicate that 70% of the basin recharge (106,000 m³/day) enters the Upper Aquifer along the crest and immediate flanks of the Oak Ridges Moraine. To the south, Upper Aquifer water moving through fractured till aquitards accounts for more than 75% of recharge to deeper aquifers. Water quality data confirm previous observations that urban- and rural-sourced contaminants (chlorides and nitrates) present in Upper Aquifer waters are moving rapidly into deeper aquifers. Some 83% of total RRHC recharge water is ultimately discharged as baseflow to creeks draining to Lake Ontario; the remainder discharges to springs and along eroding lakeshore bluffs. Model results demonstrate that deeper aquifers are poorly protected from urban contaminants and that long-term protection of ground and surface water quality has to be a priority of municipal planners if the resource is not to be severely degraded. Electronic Publication     

福建沿海地区浅层地下水质量及其影响因素

福建沿海地区3．8万km^2区域内,采集陆地浅层地下水（井水）1206件样品进行测试19种元素中,选择Be、Cd、C1、Cu、F、Fe、Hg、Mn、Pb、Zn等10个元素,采用内梅罗指数法,对浅层地下水的质量进行评价,并探究了影响地下水质量的主要因素。研究结果表明,浅层地下水的质量主要受地质背景条件及地理条件的共同制约。     

河北省滹沱河冲积平原地下水质量及污染特征研究

地下水是河北省滹沱河冲积平原主要工农业及生活用水水源,地下水质量状况直接影响到区内居民的日常生活。为阐明人类活动影响下该区地下水质量状况,本次研究共采集了482组地下水样品进行测试分析,测试指标包含了无机常规指标以及挥发、半挥发性有机指标,共64项。利用改进的模糊数学综合评价法,评价结果显示:超III类水样点占到总取样点的21.5%,主要分布在工业聚集区和排污河流两侧,且冲洪积扇轴部水质明显劣于中部和扇缘地带。影响地下水质量的主要为常规无机组分,如溶解性总固体、总硬度、铁、锰、硝酸盐氮等,有机组分超标点较少,检出率较高的组分为三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯和邻二氯苯等,利用EPI Suite软件计算可知高检出组分GUS值均较高,有较高的一致性。对地下水化学指标检出和超标因素进行分析,得出原生水文地质环境和人类活动影响是造成毒性金属、三氮、有机检出和超标的重要因素。