测井方法在煤层气勘查中的应用

根据测井原理,利用煤层气测井中各种参数可以确定和评价煤层气及其储层的相关参数,如储存煤层深度、厚度、工业分析、含气量、渗透率、岩石力学性质、储层温度等.对煤层气钻井的固井质量也可以利用声幅测井、声波变密度测井、自然伽马测井、磁定位测井做出可靠的解释.山西某煤层气勘探区测井资料与试井、化验等资料表明,测井数据与化验、试井、排采等数据非常接近,可见利用测井数据成果可为煤层气的勘探与开发提供可靠的理论依据.     

复杂条件下砂岩储层的油层评价技术

本文总结了大港油田25年来的测井资料解释经验，通过对盐水泥浆测井和复杂岩性油层评价技术的探讨，详细介绍了时间推移测井解释方法及粗、细砂岩，低矿化度地层水解释技术的实用价值。     

基于双侧向测井资料的裂缝孔隙度计算及其标定

裂缝孔隙度是评价裂缝性储集层的关键参数.FMI成像测井评价裂缝孔隙度较为精确,但其成本较高,应用受限.常规测井资料具有经济实用,应用广泛的特点,采用裂缝双侧向测井响应快速解释方法计算裂缝孔隙度,并用FMI成像资料提供的裂缝孔隙度对其进行标定,建立二者之间的定量关系.实际处理资料表明,应用双侧向测井资料计算裂缝孔隙度,在经过FMI成像资料标定后数值准确,得到的储层解释结论与试油结论符合,为应用常规测井资料评价裂缝孔隙度,提供了有效的方法.     

叠前弹性参数反演在龙马溪组页岩脆性预测中的应用

页岩气储层的可压裂性对其研究开发影响很大,脆性是评价可压裂性的重要指标,进行页岩气储层脆性预测,可以为水平井设计和压裂工艺提供技术方案。目前页岩气储层脆性评价的主要方法是取心矿物分析法、测井解释脆性评价法、叠前地震资料反演法等方法。前两种方法只能够根据测井解释资料获取纵向上的脆性信息,而横向展布规律难以评价,叠前地震资料反演技术可以获得页岩气储层横向上的脆性展布规律,有利于设计良好的水平井。这里以川南地区龙马溪组页岩气储层为载体,通过分析测井取心脆性矿物含量和岩石物理参数优选,确定了脆性的评价标准及地震评价参数,通过叠前弹性参数反演获得龙马溪组页岩储层的弹性参数体,按照评价标准和评价参数得到龙马溪组页岩脆性的空间分布特征,从而为水平钻井提供技术保障,有助于页岩气储层的"甜点"评价。通过与已知区的对比,说明预测效果较好,所提出的方法和流程具有较强的应用价值和推广价值。     

煤田测井地质解释(CLGI)专家系统

CLGI系统是基于煤田测井数据边推理、边解释的解释型专家系统。该系统是按煤田测井特点设计的,采用接触面识别法自动划分钻井地质剖面,确定煤、岩层厚度。应用专家系统技术模拟测井解释者的思维活动,整理和归纳测井领域专家的知识,采用规则和静态知识表的知识表示方法,采用以可能性理论为基础的模糊推理,最终判定岩石类型、标志层及地层时代。CLGI系统集数据处理、接触面识别、岩性解释、人机联作和图表输出为一体,力求结构化、实用化,便于修改、扩充和移植。CLGI系统已试解释了晋东南沁水煤田潘庄井田30个钻孔的测井资料,应用效果表明,该系统具有一定的解释能力和较好的解释精度。     

复杂岩性储层的测井评价方法

利用常规测井资料进行复杂岩性储层测井评价的工作难度很大,测井解释符合率很低.新一代的声电成像测井技术可以提供井眼扫描图像,直观地反映井壁地层特征.利用声、电成像测井资料进行复杂岩性储层测井评价取得了满意的效果.声电成像测井包括井周声波成象测井(CBIL)与微电阻率扫描成像测井(STAR).文章主要介绍声电成像测井工作原理,复杂岩性储层的测井评价方法和地质应用情况.     

用模拟测井资料解释煤层灰分可行性验证的方法及效果

本文着重阐述山西河东煤田三交详查勘探区用模拟测井资料解释煤层灰分,进行可行性验证的依据、方法、步骤、可行性评价和取得的地质效果等.用测井资料解释煤层灰分,国内虽已开展多年,但其成果目前尚未被广大地质人员所采用.问题是一方面怀疑现用的模拟测井资料解释的煤层灰分数值是否可靠;另一方面在勘探中有时因煤芯化验灰分数值明显偏高,影响煤层储量,而原因又未证实.除改进钻探采煤工具,提高煤芯采取率,真实地反映煤层结构,改进操作技术防止磨烧污染及严格按采样规程送样外,对现有模拟测井资料解释煤层灰分,进行可行性检验,验证其可靠性则是解决上述矛盾的一个重要方法。     

灰色系统理论在文33块沙二下亚段水淹层解释中的应用

以开发测井、钻井取心、试油及油工发动脉资料及标准,提出了灰色系统理论高含水期油田水淹层测井解释价标准,权系数、自动处理方法及分极准则,建立了一套高含水期油田水淹层评价解释的软件系统,通过中原油田文３３块沙二下亚段２０多口井的水淹层测井解释,结合沉积微相及储层研究,对油藏水淹状况进行了分析,指出了前前生产的主力层位及综合治理的挖潜对象,为便理选择区开发决策和改善油田开发效果提供了相应的地质依据。     

元坝气田地应力测井计算研究

运用测井资料研究地应力,对元坝气田钻井、储层改造和开发有重要意义。利用测井资料对气田地层的岩石力学参数(抗压强度、抗张强度、泊松比、弹性模量、内聚力、内摩擦角等)进行了计算;用压裂资料反演求取构造应变系数;借鉴前人的研究成果,确定地层孔隙压力和孔弹性系数;应用组合弹簧理论地应力计算模型,建立元坝气田地应力计算方法。通过岩心声发射法地应力实验验证了该方法的准确性,并从地层埋深、岩性变化方面分析了该区地应力剖面特征,指导了后期套管选择、钻井施工方案等设计。     

麻黄山西探区淡水泥浆侵入电阻率测井特征分析及其应用

麻黄山西探区大部分井的泥浆矿化度小于地层水矿化度,导致淡水泥浆侵入,影响电阻率测井值,使利用测井资料评价油水层存在较大的技术难度.在分析麻黄山西探区淡水泥浆侵入电阻率测井特征的基础上,对电阻率测井系列进行了合理选择,论述了径向电阻率比值法,并采用径向电阻率比值法计算含水饱和度,测井解释结果与试油资料对比表明,解释效果好,符合率高.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861