攀枝花钻孔应力-应变异常与昆仑山口西8.1级地震

攀枝花基准台距离2001年11月14日的昆仑山口西8.1级地震震中1312千米。虽然与震中遥隔千里，穿越复杂构造，但攀枝花台的钻孔应力－应变观测仍监测到了明显的中短期和临震异常。     

盐源地震定位问题的讨论

1986年8月12日18时45分,盐源县城西发生M_S=5.4级地震。西昌无线传输台网计算机最初定位于盐源县城西南(27°23′N;101°19′E)。盐源县城附近,房屋倒毁明显,人畜伤亡严重,被视为宏观震中所在。微观震中与宏观震相差12千米。地震的微观震中与宏观震中位置不一致,一个5.4级地震,两者相差5千米以上,属差别偏大,原因是微观震中定位不够精确。目前西昌无线传输台网对于M_L>2.5级的盐源地震的定     

甘肃迭部县5.8级地震简况

1987年1月8日02时18分,在甘肃省甘南藏族自治州迭部县境内发生5.8级地震,四川省若尔盖县铁布区强烈有感。四川省地震局即派出考察组日夜兼程,奔赴现场,进行考察和监视。先期到达震区考察的甘肃省地震局考察队,为我们提供了有关震害情况和帮助。这次地震,微观震中在东经103°18′,北纬34°13′,即迭部县祖爱西北2.7千米处,宏观震中在迭部县城北东22千米解放附近。微观震中与宏观震中相差2千米。震级为5.8级,震源深度14千米。根据四川省地震局综合研究分析室资料:震源机制解,节面Ⅰ方位42.5°,倾     

自贡4.6级地震活动背景及其特征

一、地震参数及地震序列特征据四川地震台网测定,发震时刻:1985年3月29日19时15分02秒;震中位置:北纬29°22′08″,东经104°49′34″;震源深度:7千米;震级(Ms):4.6;震中烈度:Ⅶ。据现场考察,宏观震中位于自贡市大安区凉高山至燕子山一带,其几何中心坐标为北纬29°22′39″,东经104°48′46″。宏、微观震中之间相差约2千米。     

陕西几次历史地震震中位置的匡定

本文对《陕西省志.地震志》、《中国地震历史资料汇编》(第一卷)有关陕西几次历史地震震中位置作了匡定。认为公元前32年(汉成帝建始元年九月)发生的地震,原定震中在绥德东南25千米不确,应在榆林市东南30千米的王沙坬村。对公元477年6月(北魏孝文帝太和元年五月)发生在统万镇的地震,指出参考震中既不在横山北,也非内蒙古乌审旗南,而是在陕西省靖边县东北的红墩界乡。对公元1650年9月(清世祖顺治七年八月)和公元1813年7月(清仁宗嘉庆十八年六月)两次地震的参考震中,指出安定现属子长县。     

自贡4.6级地震地下水位短临异常分析

1985年3月29日19时15分,在自贡北东发生4.6级地震,其震源浅(震源深度7千米),烈度高(震中烈度达Ⅷ度),破坏大,给自贡市人民生命财产造成较大损失。对这次地震事前未作预报,现有必要回头总结可能存在的异常现象,以利于今后的预测预报工作。在为数不多的存在异常的手段中,以地下水位变化比较突出。在距震中80千米范     

甘孜6级地震地下水动态特征

1982年6月16日甘孜发生6级地震,震前地下水异常比较突出,为本次地震预报提供了重要的判据。一、井泉基本情况距甘孜6级地震震中100千米以内,水温测点1个;101～300千米内,水温测点6个,水位     

盐源5.4级地震宏观考察报告

1986年8月12日18时45分,四川省凉山彝族自治州盐源县发生M_S=5.4级地震。微观震中为北纬27°25′00″,东经101°25′41″;宏观震中在盐源县城西约8千米的梅雨乡虾耙沟一带。宏、微观震中相距1.8千米。震源深度15千米。震源机制解节面Ⅱ走向南73°东,倾向北北东,倾角75°。震中区烈度为Ⅶ度,面积约19平方千米,长轴方向南东东-北西西,长短轴     

1913年冕宁小盐井6级地震调查与考证

本文首次介绍了1913年8月19日冕宁小盐井6级地震的碑刻资料,并结合调查资料.考证了过去一些文献资料对本次地震灾害描述的诸多不实之处。重新圈定了地震等烈度线图,确认地震的宏观震中位于冕宁小盐井,震中烈度Ⅷ度,震级6级,宏观震源深度5.5千米。     

1896年邓柯7级地震及地震形变带

甘孜—玉树断裂带是四川省一条重要的区域性活动断裂，它与鲜水河断裂带呈左阶羽列展布于川西高原。据史料记载，该断裂上的邓柯１８９６年曾发生过一次７级地震，震中位置为北纬３２．５°，东经９０．０°震中烈度为Ｋ度。根据现场访问和震害调查，我们认为这次地震宏观震中应在色巫与档拖间的晒拉一带与史料分析震中大致相差３０—４０公里。其主要根据如下：①档拖村和档拖寺位于主断裂破碎带上，当年地震时被毁，现今遗址尚存。挡拖村喇嘛羊嘎说他母亲曾经历过这次地震，大震时金沙江对岸三个村寨（阴巴、达接等）被山体崩塌所淹埋，金沙江大垮岩阻江１０日，水头直达挡拖村脚。②地震滑坡崩塌现象以档拖至色巫一带集中沿主断裂带分布，特别是色巫相对集中，大小地震滑坡崩塌达数拾个，其中一大型地震滑坡崩塌高１００—３００米，沿金沙江岸宽约４００米，当年堵塞金沙江遗址现象现今仍清晰可辨。③色巫处地震地裂缝带发育，已观测长７５０米，并断错砾石。还发育断塞塘，隆包等地震形变现象。因此１８９６年地震的宏观震中应在原史料震中以北的色巫档拖间。在现场考察中我们还首次发现大量地震断错现象。其形态与鲜水河断裂和则木河断裂上所见颇为相似，给人以晚更新世、全新世以来断裂强烈活动     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.