海洋测量学

CH20051979基于遥感反演结果的悬浮泥沙时空动态规律研究———以珠江河口及邻近海域为例=Spatial andTemporal Dynamics of Suspended Sedi ment Concentrationinthe Pearl River Estuary Based on Remote Sensing/陈晓玲,袁中智(武汉大学),李毓湘,韦永康(香港理工大学)∥武汉大学学报(信息科学版).-2005,30(8).-677~681选择了珠江口及其邻近海域1995年~2000年152个时相的NOAA/AVHRR影像反演的悬浮泥沙浓度结果,通过对悬浮泥沙反演结果影像的叠加,求算叠加像素点像素平均值,计算了研究海域在1995~2000年间月、季及丰枯水期几个时…     

多光谱遥感影像大气校正与悬沙浓度反演——以曹妃甸近岸海域为例

遥感影像的大气校正是遥感定量化研究的难点之一。以曹妃甸近岸海域为研究区,以水体悬浮泥沙浓度(suspended sediment concentration,SSC)定量反演为目标,采用6S(second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum)模型和FLAASH模型对研究区MODIS影像的大气校正方法进行对比实验,对2个模型校正前后的影像质量以及对目标地物信息的校正效果进行了评价。研究结果表明:2种模型均能在一定程度上削弱大气对水体信息的影响;相比之下,6S模型校正后影像质量优于FLAASH模型,能更真实地反映目标地物,可更好地实现对近岸海域遥感影像的高精度大气校正;将6S模型大气校正后的MODIS影像应用于悬浮泥沙浓度的遥感反演,反演结果的平均相对误差为24.79%,均方根误差为4.32 mg/L。研究结果可为近岸海域Ⅱ类水体大气校正方法的选择提供依据,为深化泥沙运移规律研究及水质、水环境评价提供技术支持。     

近岸水体表层悬浮泥沙平均粒径遥感反演

悬浮泥沙的粒径分布特征不仅体现了悬浮颗粒态物质的存在状态,而且可以指示水动力及再悬浮作用的过程和强度,因此研究悬浮泥沙粒径分布特征具有重要意义。利用Mie理论建立悬浮泥沙平均粒径反演模型,结果表明,悬浮泥沙后向散射系数与其平均粒径的三次方线性关系明显,4个波段(412nm、443nm、555nm、667nm)拟合方程决定系数均在0.93以上,拟合误差最小值为16.6322%(412nm),最大值为20.3143%(667nm)。利用QAA算法从MODIS影像上反演研究区域悬浮泥沙后向散射系数,并结合反演的悬浮泥沙浓度推算研究区域表层悬浮泥沙的平均粒径。对比发现,近岸高悬浮泥沙区域的反演结果与实测数据吻合较好,相关研究可以为深入开展陆海相互作用、海洋生态系统演变和海洋参与全球碳循环等研究提供重要数据支持。     

HJ-1A/B卫星CCD影像的武汉市东湖水色三要素遥感研究

以武汉市东湖为研究区域,利用同步的MODIS-Terra气溶胶光学厚度数据为输入参数,采用FLAASH模型对2010年3月11日HJ-1A/B卫星CCD影像进行大气校正处理,并利用多年实测数据建立叶绿素a浓度、悬浮泥沙浓度、黄色物质吸收系数三要素神经网络反演模型,对水色三要素进行反演。通过对反演结果与实测数据的对比分析可知,悬浮泥沙浓度、黄色物质吸收系数和叶绿素a浓度的平均相对误差分别为28.052%、17.628%和35.621%,表明HJ-1A/B卫星CCD传感器基本能满足II类水体水色要素的遥感监测需求。     

杭州湾HJ CCD影像悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演

利用环境小卫星CCD(HJ CCD)影像对杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度(SSC)进行了反演研究。通过对杭州湾水体遥感反射率(Rrs)与SSC进行相关性分析发现,在690nm和830nm左右出现显著的反射峰,分别位于HJ CCD影像的第3和第4波段范围内;大于700nm波长处的Rrs与SSC相关性较好。基于实测Rrs和SSC之间的相关关系,利用第4和第3波段比值作为遥感因子建立SSC反演模型,模型决定系数达到0.90。借鉴近红外-短波红外(NIR-SWIR)结合的大气校正方法反演出的准同步MODIS气溶胶数据,实现了HJ CCD影像的大气校正,第3、第4波段的大气校正结果相对误差分别为5.54%和6.97%。结果显示,HJ CCD影像反演的SSC相对误差为7.12%;杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度要显著高于长江口,且内部差异明显。研究表明,通过适当的大气校正方法和反演算法,HJ CCD影像可用于杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度的估计。     

机器学习模型的珠江口悬浮泥沙遥感反演与规律分析

本文以珠江口悬浮泥沙水质采样数据及高光谱数据为基础,构建了人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量回归机(SVR)、随机森林(RF)悬浮泥沙反演模型,结果发现模型预测精度从高到低依次为：RF、ANN、SVR。采用随机森林模型对珠江口悬浮泥沙反演,结果得到珠江口岸悬浮泥沙浓度呈现西高东低,从近岸到离岸逐渐递减趋势。主要是由于珠江口地形为喇叭形,在季风和潮汐共同作用下,珠江口顶部区域受潮汐和风向混合作用强烈。在远离珠江口顶部区域地形较为开阔,各支流径流的悬浮泥沙汇聚堆积在珠江口西南区域,导致珠江口西南区域悬浮泥沙浓度高。     

辐射沙脊群海域悬沙场遥感反演方法

利用2006年江苏908调查水文泥沙测验数据和同期MODIS影像建立遥感定量反演模式,获取了半个潮周期的悬沙场以及全潮平均悬沙场,进行了辐射沙脊群海域悬沙场遥感反演方法的研究,并结合悬沙数学模型对结果进行了验证。研究表明,在辐射沙脊群海域,敏感参数(B1-B4)/(B1+B4)的对数模式反演悬沙场精度较高;遥感反演结果在总体上与数学模型计算结果相似,悬沙高值区主要分布在弶港、废黄河口和长江口附近;在细节上比数学模型表现得更精细,能清晰地反映河口、沙洲、水道等地貌对悬沙分布的影响。     

近海岸悬浮泥沙遥感反演模型的分析探讨

简要介绍了国内外近海岸悬浮泥沙定量化遥感反演的研究进展及悬浮泥沙遥感反演模型的建立方法,通过对国内外近年研究的部分悬浮泥沙遥感反演模型进行简单分类、对比分析得出其优缺点,并针对部分悬浮泥沙遥感反演模型的不足和目前遥感技术在悬浮泥沙定量反演中的应用提出了一些肤浅见解。     

机载高光谱仪几何检校方法及其在海岸带航空遥感调查中的示范应用

海岸带航空高光谱遥感测量与调查时,水面无法进行地面控制点测量,不能通过传统的空中三角测量方法得到数据准确的外方位元素,因此如何保证海岸带航空遥感数据的几何精度是测量的关键问题之一。在总结分析了CASI 1500H型推扫式机载高光谱仪的几何检校原理与模型特点的基础上,设计了一套针对该系统的几何检校方案,检校结果表明,无控制点情况下CASI 1500H高光谱影像的几何精度得到显著提高。使用该几何检校方法对大襟岛及其周边海域进行了CASI 1500H航空高光谱数据获取,基于该数据进行了大襟岛及周边海域的悬浮泥沙浓度反演示范应用,总体反演精度优于70%,满足海岸带航空遥感调查需求。     

随机森林回归模型的悬浮泥沙浓度遥感估算

三峡工程蓄水以来,清水下泄,坝下游河段发生了长时间、长距离的沿程冲刷,河流悬浮泥沙浓度发生改变,给沿岸生态系统带来了不利影响。随机森林算法灵活、稳健,已被广泛应用于各类生态环境变量的回归预测分析,但其在水体悬浮泥沙浓度估算方面的能力尚未得到充分认识。基于泥沙站点监测数据和MODIS卫星遥感反射率数据,通过构建随机森林非参数回归预测模型,对三峡工程坝下游宜昌至城陵矶河段在建坝前后14年间(2002年—2015年)各月的悬浮泥沙浓度进行遥感估算。研究表明:(1)基于随机森林的悬浮泥沙浓度估算模型表现较好,模型预测值与实测值间相关性好、预测精度高,优于其他模型(线性回归、支持向量机、人工神经网络模型)。(2)在参与模型构建的MODIS波段变量中,红波段被认为是最重要的预测变量,但不能单独使用它进行预测,悬浮泥沙遥感预测需要多变量共同参与。(3)将悬浮泥沙数据按季节分类所构建的随机森林模型,其平均误差为0.46 mg/L,平均相对均方根误差为12.33%,估算效果最优,能够满足较高精度下悬浮泥沙浓度估算的需求。综上,可以考虑以季节为划分依据,用随机森林回归模型估算悬浮泥沙浓度,并用于后期坝下游河道悬浮泥沙浓度时空反演。     

Characterization of spatial and temporal variation of suspended sediments in the Yellow and East China Seas using satellite ocean color data

Total suspended sediment (TSS) data concentrations are retrieved from two sets of satellite ocean color data (the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)) using an existing regional model to characterize spatial and temporal variation of TSS in the Yellow and East China Seas. MODIS-derived TSS maps show that TSS concentrations are, in general, high along the Korean and Chinese coasts including the Bohai Sea and the Yangtz River estuary, and lower in the middle of the Yellow Sea and the southeastern area of the East China Sea. The monthly average of 10-year MODIS data reveals that TSS values are highest during winter (January to February) and lowest in summer (July to August). Short-term TSS concentrations retrieved from GOCI data showed the dominant influence of semi-diurnal tidal changes on sediment dynamics through temporal (hourly) and spatial distribution in coastal zones of the Yellow sea. The results presented here demonstrate that the satellite-derived TSS products can be utilized as an application tool for future studies on long- and short-term sediment dynamics of turbid coastal waters. In particular, GOCI observations provide unique important capabilities to characterize and quantify the water properties at high temporal (hourly) and spatial (0.5 km) resolutions in the turbid coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and its vicinities.     

Remote Sensing of suspended sediments along the Tamil Nadu coastal waters

Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS) 1A & 1B digital data in combination with field measurement were used to map distribution and concentration of suspended sediments along the Tamil Nadu coastal waters for monsoon and non-monsoon periods. Qualitative suspended sediment mapping was done for entire Tamil Nadu coast while quantitative studies were taken at two selected sites (eg. Tuticorin and Ennore). For qualitative mapping both monsoon (17-12-90) and non-monsoon (18-4-90) season data were analysed by level slicing technique and a qualitative scale was assigned to different sediment classes based on tonal variations. The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) samples were collected on April 15, 1992 and March 10, 1992 around Ennore and Tuticorin coastal waters respectively, synchronous to IRS-1A satellite overpass. This data was used for quantitative estimation of SSC using digital chromaticity technique. The study shows that the plumes of high suspended sediment concentration are contributed from the nearshore wetlands and river mouths and were finally dispersing towards Jaffna coast. Different classes of high to low SSC values ranging from less than 5 mg/L in offshore areas to 21 mg/L in nearshore of Tuticorin were also delineated. The dispersal pattern of the sediments on different is discussed.     

近岸/内陆典型水环境要素定量遥感空间尺度问题研究

近岸/内陆水环境遥感的空间尺度问题研究包括空间变异尺度及遥感监测空间尺度需求,以及多源多尺度遥感数据及定量产品的空间尺度误差两个方面。利用长时序高分一号16 m遥感数据集高时空分辨率的综合优势,采用空间半变异函数分析方法获取了中国近岸/内陆典型水环境要素（以悬浮颗粒物为例）的空间变异尺度。基于水环境要素空间变异的连续性和泰勒级数展开理论,定量化地描述了空间尺度误差解析函数。结果表明,近岸/内陆水体等高动态水体的空间变异尺度平均在150 m以下,而外海等相对稳定水体空间变异尺度在300 m以上。随着空间分辨率的降低,受到空间变异和水环境要素非线性定量反演模型的共同影响,悬浮颗粒物的空间尺度误差显著增大,亟需重点研究区域化的尺度误差校正方法。     

A three-band semi-analytical model for deriving total suspended sediment concentration from HJ-1A/CCD data in turbid coastal waters

The accurate assessment of total suspended sediment (TSM) concentration in coastal waters by means of remote sensing is quite challenging, due to the optical complexity and significant variability of these waters. In this study, three-band semi-analytical TSM retrieval (TSTM) model with HJ-1A/CCD spectral bands was developed for the retrieval of TSM concentration from turbid coastal waters. This model was calibrated and validated by means of one calibration dataset and three independent validation datasets obtained from three different turbid waters. It was found that the TSTM model may be used to retrieve accurate TSM concentration data from highly turbid waters without the spectral slope of the model requiring further optimization. Finally, the TSM concentration data were quantified from the HJ-1A/CCD images after atmospheric correction using the dark-object subtraction technique. Upon comparing the model-derived and field-measured TSM concentration data, it was observed that the TSTM model produced <29% uncertainty in deriving TSM concentration from the HJ-1A/CCD data. These findings imply that the TSTM model may be used for the quantitative monitoring of TSM concentration in coastal waters, provided that the atmospheric correction scheme for the HJ-1A/CCD imagery is available.     

黄河口水体光谱特性及悬沙浓度遥感估测

通过黄河口含沙水体野外遥感光谱反射率的观测实验，探讨了黄河口水体表观光谱特性，分析了悬浮体中有机颗粒含量和悬沙粒度对光谱特性的影响。针对Landsat TM／ETM^＋影像波段特性，对黄河口含沙水体在其可见光至近红外4个波段的光谱特性进行了模拟分析，并结合表观光谱观测数据建立了经验回归函数，以估测不同时相黄河口水体表层悬沙的浓度。     

曹妃甸近海表层悬浮泥沙遥感定量监测研究

在曹妃甸近海水体实测光谱数据分析的基础上,与同步采集的水体悬浮泥沙浓度进行相关分析,选用合适的TM数据的遥感变量参数,根据2008年实测的四个剖面29个站点的海洋水色数据建立了水体悬浮泥沙浓度与TM数据对应的遥感定量反演模型,并用18个独立样本点进行了精度评价.研究结果表明:曹妃甸近海水体光谱曲线基本呈现单峰现象,敏感...     

神舟三号CMODIS数据获取长江口悬浮泥沙含量的时空分布

悬浮泥沙含量的时空分布是分析河口海岸冲淤变化、估算河流入海物质通量、研究海洋沉积速率和海洋环境的重要参数.成像光谱仪技术包含了丰富的空间、辐射和光谱三重信息.用中国神舟三号上34个波段的中等分辨率成像光谱仪（CMODIS）数据,采用经验线性法对其辐射亮度值进行了反射率转换,结合长江口现场调查资料,对长江口悬浮泥沙含量时空分布进行了遥感定量反演,取得了很好的效果.     

Atmospheric Correction Over Coastal Turbid Waters of Bay of Bengal Using OCEANSAT-I Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) Data

Space-borne ocean-colour remote sensor-detected radiance is heavily contaminated by solar radiation backscattered by the atmospheric air molecules and aerosols. Hence, the first step in ocean-colour data processing is the removal of this atmospheric contribution from the sensor-detected radiance to enable detection of optically active oceanic constituents e.g. chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment etc. In standard atmospheric correction procedure for OCEANSAT-1 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data, NIR bands centered at 765 and 865 nm wavelengths were used for aerosol characterization. Due to high absorption by water molecules, ocean surface in these two wavelengths acts as dark background, therefore, sensor detected radiance can be assumed to have major contribution from atmospheric scattering. For coastal turbid waters this assumption of dark surface fails due to the presence of highly scattering sediments which causes sufficient water-leaving radiance in NIR bands and lead to over-estimation of aerosol radiance resulting in negative water leaving radiance for λ < 700 nm. In the present study, for the turbid coastal waters in the northern Bay of Bengal, the concept of spatial homogeneity of aerosol and water leaving reflectance has been applied to perform atmospheric correction of OCAEANSAT-1 OCM data. The results of the turbid water atmospheric correction have also been validated using in-situ measured water-leaving radiance. Comparison of satellite derived water-leaving radiance for five coastal stations with in-situ measured radiance spectra, indicates an improvement over the standard atmospheric correction algorithm giving physically realistic and positive values. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the in-situ measured and satellite derived water leaving radiance for wavelengths 412 nm, 443 nm, 490 nm, 512 nm and 555 nm was found to be 1.11, 0.718, 0.575, 0.611 and 0.651%, respectively, using standard atmospheric correction procedure. By the use of spatial homogeneity concept, this error was reduced to 0.125, 0.173, 0.176, 0.225, and 0.290 and the correlation coefficient arrived at 0.945, which is an improvement over the standard atmospheric correction procedure.