TL-1本安型陀螺罗盘的设计与研究

叙述了防爆、低精度、低重量、短测时、低价格的TL-1本安型陀螺罗盘的陀累马达选型以及设计中的几个问题,介绍仪器样机的测试情况。测试结果表明,仪器性能稳定,陀螺方位角一次测量中误差≤±30’,可以替代磁罗盘,进行低精度的定向测量。     

单自由度陀螺罗盘寻北原理的研究

本文分析了单自由度陀螺罗盘在陀螺力矩、空气阻尼、摩擦力矩和悬挂带扭矩作用下的运动规律及其寻北原理，指出由于单自由度陀螺罗盘的摆动周期比二自由度陀螺罗盘的摆动周期显著缩短，定向速度可成倍提高，定向精度也有望提高，这将是陆地工程测量中子午线方位测量技术的一个重大进步     

单自由度陀螺盘寻北原理的研究

本文分析了单自由度陀螺罗盘在陀螺力矩，空气阻尼，摩擦力矩和悬挂带扭矩作用下的运动规律及其寻北原理，指出由于单自由度陀螺罗盘的摆动周期经二自由度陀螺罗盘的摆动周期显著缩短，定向速度可成倍提高，定向精度也有望提高，这将是陆地工程测量中子午线方位测量技术的一个重大进步。     

三自由度陀螺测量仪研制成功

据《中国煤炭报》9月15日报导：一种实用新型的三自由度陀螺测量仪日前在湖南省煤炭坝煤矿研制成功。该测量仪，利用陀螺运转的定轴力保持转轴方向不变的原理来测量物体方向，可以排除钢铁和电磁场通常对磁性罗盘仪指针的干扰，直接测出物体的方位。主要适用于矿山井下测量。     

地理纬度对陀螺经纬仪测量精度的影响

本文分析了陀螺仪的寻北原理，并以一种新型自动化陀螺经纬仪为例，探讨了地理纬度对陀螺补偿角、仪器常数和陀螺经纬仪测量精度的影响。在此基础上进一步讨论了陀螺经纬仪测量精度随地理纬度变化的关系，提出了提高陀螺经纬仪测量精度的方法和建议。     

小型矿井中陀螺定向测量方法探讨

本文介绍了在小型矿井中使用陀螺经纬仪进行定向测量的简易方法，并分析了它的精度。     

测绘仪器发展的回顾与展望

测绘仪器是测量之本,伴随着测绘科学的发展,测绘仪器从早期的测绳、罗盘仪、游标经纬仪发展到目前的电子经伟仪、数字水准仪、全站仪、GPS以及各种电子专用仪器。大大推动了测绘工作向自动化、数字化、智能化方向发展。对测绘仪器的发展进行回顾与展望。     

提高陀螺经纬仪定向效率的方法

采用室内经常检测仪器常数,使用AGT-1高精度自动陀螺经纬仪,将GAK-1等仪器改造成高精度自动陀螺经纬仪以及修订定向测量规程等方法,可以大大提高定向效率和经济效益。     

大型贯通测量中加测陀螺定向边的位置选取分析

大型贯通测量中常常使用加测陀螺边来提高贯通测量精度,但目前对于陀螺定向边的位置选取并无明确规范和要求。本文主要探讨了不同位置的陀螺定向边选取对贯通测量精度的影响。实验结果表明,井下选取的陀螺定向边与测定仪器常数的地面已知边之间距离过大对于贯通测量精度影响较大,在井下选取陀螺定向边位置时,应与测定仪器常数的地面已知边距离保持在3 000 m以内为优。     

TJ9000陀螺全站仪在地理位置的定向精度研究

为了减少起始方位角对最终边的影响,保证矿井高精度的长距离贯通,文章对提高TJ9000陀螺全站仪定向精度方法进行了研究。以内蒙古鄂托克前旗某煤矿精密贯通测量工程为例分析了已知边位置对仪器常数的影响,选择了工程中需要加测的陀螺定向边,制定了合理的观测方案和数据处理方法。利用陀螺全站仪进行井上、井下陀螺定向观测,进行严密平差计算和数据处理,及时对贯通导线进行修正,最后对结果进行比对分析。结果表明,采用距离定向边更近的已知边来测定仪器常数所得到的陀螺边定向精度更高;应用陀螺全站仪加测定向边可以提高贯通精度并且操作简单方便、实用性好。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。