有限二维饱和多孔介质因载荷诱发Biot固结的解析解

推导了有限矩形区域饱和多孔介质因表面载荷诱发的Biot固结的一个解析解。假设多孔介质为均匀各向同性和线弹性,并被单相流体所饱和;控制方程组采用不可压缩多孔介质模型;孔隙压力场采用狄利克雷边界条件,上下表面位移场符合物理边界,而左右侧面位移场边界条件则由人为特别给定。利用有限正余弦变换和拉普拉斯变换及数值反演获得了物理空间孔隙压力场和位移场的半解析解,其体现为双重级数和的封闭形式。最后以某软黏土层平面应变固结为例,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对所给出的解析解进行了验证,同时基于该解析解考察了孔隙压力场和位移场的时空演化规律。所给出的解析解可用于深入分析有限二维饱和多孔介质的流-固耦合力学行为。     

大地电磁交错采样有限差分二维正反演研究

交错采样网格能自动保证电磁场分布遵守能量守恒定律.本文基于交错采样网格,推导了大地电磁二维有限差分正演过程,实现了二维正演程序;通过与一维解析解对比,验证了算法的正确性且具有较高的计算精度.随后利用有限内存拟牛顿最优化算法,实现了交错采样有限差分二维反演;通过理论模型反演,验证了反演算法的稳定性,揭示有限内存拟牛顿反演...     

模拟多孔介质中生物化学输运的有限颗粒法的一个修正算法

给出了有限颗粒法(FCM) 的一个修正算法, 用来模拟二维多孔介质中复杂的物理、生物化学输运现象.该算法不仅具有与早先的FCM一样的优点, 而且可以在更微观的水平上保证质量守恒, 获得更为准确的颗粒位置, 从而有利于质量交换的高精度计算.计算结果与精确解和早先的FCM的结果做了比较.      

多尺度有限单元法求解非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题

应用多尺度有限单元法模拟非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题。与传统有限单元法相比，多尺度有限单元法的基函数具有能反映单元内参数变化的优点，所以这种方法能在大尺度上抓住解的小尺度特征获得较精确的解。在介绍多尺度有限单元法求解非均质多孔介质中三维地下水流问题的基本原理之后，对参数水平方向渐变垂直方向突变的非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流和Borden实验场的三维地下水流分别用多尺度有限单元法和传统等参有限单元法进行了计算，结果表明在模拟高度非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题时，多尺度有限单元法比传统有限单元法有效，既节省计算量又有较高的精度；在模拟非均质性弱的多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题时，多尺度有限单元法虽然也能在大尺度上获得较为精确的解，但效果不明显。     

各向异性介质中大地电磁场的异常特征

给出各向异性介质二维地电断面大地电磁场的边值问题以及等价的变分问题。对计算区域采用矩形网格中进一步三角细化的剖分方式并在三角单元内进行线性插值,解出有限单元法数值解。通过典型模型的正演模拟,得到大地电磁测深曲线,并与前人的研究工作对比,验证了该方法的有效性。     

双相介质瑞雷面波有限差分正演模拟

为了研究双相介质瑞雷面波的形成机制及传播规律,促进瑞雷面波资料处理方法的发展。文章根据弹性波动方程,采用交错网格有限差分算法,对二维各向同性弹性介质做解析解与数值解的对比,在此基础上,将PML吸收边界条件,改进的镜像法应用于双相介质波动方程中,并作了稳定性分析,对双相介质水平层状、起伏分界面等典型模型瑞雷面波及体波在内的全波场进行研究。结果表明:基于弹性介质解析解与数值解的对比,在误差接受范围内,研究双相介质是可行的;把稍作改进的镜像法应用于双相介质中,能够有效地处理瑞雷面波自由边界问题;通过详细分析双相介质瑞雷面波及体波在内的全波场的信息,对以双相介质为基础的地震波勘探有一定的指导作用。     

电阻率各向异性介质大地电磁二维非结构有限元数值模拟

介质的各向异性会引起大地电磁观测曲线的畸变,对大地电磁数据解释影响很大。这里从麦克斯韦方程组出发,推导了基于二阶插值基函数的二维大地电磁非结构有限元公式,实现了任意地形起伏条件下任意各向异性二维大地电磁响应的数值模拟。各向异性断层模型的数值模拟结果与解析解吻合一致,复杂各向异性模型的有限元模拟与已有的有限差分计算结果也相符合,验证了算法的正确性。在此基础上探讨了各向异性参数对二维大地电磁响应的影响。     

海洋大地电磁二维正演及结果分析

研究了海洋大地电磁法的二维正演并编制了相应程序 ,程序采用有限单元法求出海底各节点处的电磁场值 ,进一步计算得到视电阻率。为了验证程序的正确性与有效性 ,根据卡尼亚理论推导出计算一维海洋模型的阻抗公式 ,并得到视电阻率的解析解 ,将其与有限元法得出的数值解进行了对比 ,表明了此方法的正确性。通过对正演结果的分析 ,表明海洋大地电磁测深能够成功地反映海底的电性结构     

地下水向水平井三维流动的有限层分析

基于地下水向水平井三维流动数学模型,利用半解析数值分析原理推导了层状各向异性承压含水层有限层方程,给出了水平井源汇项计算公式,编制了相应的计算程序,实现了有限层方程的求解。通过算例的解析解和有限差分解验证了有限层法及程序的正确性,对比分析了有限层法与有限差法的计算效率。结果表明,有限层法适于层状各向异性承压含水层中地下水向水平井三维流动问题的模拟分析,且具有较高的计算效率。     

混凝土内部有限空间电场分布理论研究

混凝土结构、构件为有限空间介质,其内部电场很难套用半空间或全空间的边值问题进行分析,给出解析解.为探究混凝土内部有限空间电场分布规律,分别采用物理模型试验、镜像法和数值模拟的方法进行研究.首先通过标本架法观测混凝土试件的电阻率作为混凝土正常电阻率值;分别利用镜像法、物理模型试验和有限单元法模拟计算、混凝土有限空间的电场...     

Steady‐state analytical solutions of flow and deformation coupling due to a point sink within a finite fluid‐saturated poroelastic layer

An exact steady‐state closed‐form solution is presented for coupled flow and deformation of an axisymmetric isotropic homogeneous fluid‐saturated poroelastic layer with a finite radius due to a point sink. The hydromechanical behavior of the poroelastic layer is governed by Biot's consolidation theory. Boundary conditions on the lateral surface are specifically chosen to match the appropriate finite Hankel transforms and simplify the transforms of the governing equations. Ordinary differential equations in the transformed domain are solved, and then the analytical solutions in the physical space for the pore pressure and the displacements are finally obtained by using finite Hankel inversions. The analytical solutions at some special locations such as the top and bottom surfaces, lateral surface, and the symmetrical axis are given and analyzed. And a case study for the consolidation of a water‐saturated soft clay layer due to pumping is conducted. The analytical solution is verified against the finite element solution. Meanwhile, an analysis of coupled hydromechanical behavior is carried out herein. The presented analytical solution is an exact solution to the practical poroelastic problem within an axisymmetric finite layer. It can provide us a better understanding of the poroelastic behavior of the finite layer due to fluid extraction. Besides, it can be applied to calibrate numerical schemes of axisymmetric poroelasticity within finite domains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytical solutions of a finite two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated poroelastic medium with compressible constituents

An analytical solution is proposed for transient flow and deformation coupling of a fluid‐saturated poroelastic medium within a finite two‐dimensional (2‐D) rectangular domain. In this study, the porous medium is assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and compressible. In addition, the point sink can be located at an arbitrary position in the porous medium. The fluid–solid interaction in porous media is governed by the general Biot's consolidation theory. The method of integral transforms is applied in the analytical formulation of closed‐form solutions. The proposed analytical solution is then verified against both exact and numerical results. The analytical solution is first simplified and validated by comparison with an existing exact solution for the uncoupled problem. Then, a case study for pumping from a confined aquifer is performed. The consistency between the numerical solution and the analytical solution confirms the accuracy and reliability of the analytical solution presented in this paper. The proposed analytical solution can help us to obtain in‐depth insights into time‐dependent mechanical behavior due to fluid withdrawal within finite 2‐D porous media. Moreover, it can also be of great significance to calibrate numerical solutions in plane strain poroelasticity and to formulate relevant industry norms and standards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytical and numerical solution of the elastodynamic strip load problem

Analytical and numerical solutions of the elastodynamic problem of an instantaneous strip load on a half space are presented and compared. The analytical solution is obtained using the De Hoop–Cagniard method, and the numerical solution is obtained using the dynamic module of the finite element package Plaxis. The purpose of the paper is to validate the numerical solution by comparison with a completely analytical solution, and to verify that the main characteristics of the analytical solution are also obtained in the numerical solution. Particular attention is paid to the magnitude, the velocity, and the shape of the Rayleigh wave disturbances. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of a point sink on a pile group in saturated multilayered soils with anisotropic permeability

The behavior of a pile group is solved using the finite element method, and the fundamental solution of saturated multilayered soils with anisotropic permeability is obtained by the analytical layer element method. Based on the supposition of no slip occurring at the pile‐soil interface, the governing equations of the interaction between the pile group and the soils due to a point sink are established in the Laplace‐Hankel transformed domain by considering the pile‐soil compatibility condition. Numerical results are presented to study the effect of point sink pumping, the properties of soils, and the geometries of piles on the behavior of the pile group.     

A technique to test finite difference schemes to model some geophysical processes in a geological structure

A preliminary problem to solve in the set-up of a mathematical model simulating a geophysical process is the choice of a suitable discrete scheme to approximate the governing differential equations. This paper presents a simple technique to test finite difference schemes used in the modeling of geophysical processes occurring in a geological structure. This technique consists in generating analytical solutions similar to the ones characterizing a geophysical process, given general information on some relevant parameters. Useful information for the choice of the discrete scheme to employ in the mathematical model simulating the original geophysical process can be obtained from the comparison between the analytical solution and the approximated numerical solutions generated by means of different discrete schemes. Two classes of numerical examples approximating the differential equation that governs the steady state earth's heat flow have been treated using three different finite differences schemes. The first class of examples deals with media whose phenomenological parameters vary as continuous space functions; the second class, instead, deals with media whose phenomenological parameters vary as discontinuous space functions. The finite difference schemes that have been utilized are: Centered Finite Difference Scheme (CDS), Arithmetic Mean Scheme (AMS), and Harmonic Mean Scheme (HMS).The numerical simulations showed that: the CDS may yield physically inconsistent solutions if the lattice internodal distance is too large, but in case of phenomenological parameters varying as a continuous function, this pitfall can be avoided increasing the lattice node refinement. In case of phenomenological parameters varying as a discontinuous function, instead, the CDS may yield physically inconsistent solutions for any lattice-node refinement. The HMS produced good results for both classes of examples showing to be a scheme suitable to model situations like these.     

半无限含水层中带衬砌隧洞渗流解析研究

现有关于半无限含水层中隧洞渗流的解析解不能考虑衬砌部分排水的特性。假定土体和衬砌均为饱和均匀连续介质,采用土体与衬砌分算;利用复变函数解决孔口问题基本方法,对土体采用共形映射坐标变换,将土体中的渗流方程转换为与衬砌部分类似的二维Laplace方程圆环域的Dirichlet问题;通过Fourier解法,根据边界条件并利用流量连续条件,求得半无限空间中带衬砌隧洞渗流量和衬砌周边水头解析解答。分析了径深比、土体与衬砌渗透系数相对值、内壁水压力等因素对渗流量和衬砌周边水头的影响,并与数值算例进行了比较。结果表明,对浅埋隧洞该解析解仍具有较好的精度,是简便、实用的计算方法。     

The effect of viscosity ratio on the dispersal of fracturing fluids into groundwater system

In the development of oil and gas reservoirs, the transport of miscible fluids in porous rocks is a key issue for oil and gas recovery. The simplified unidirectional flow model is employed to investigate the effects of the viscosity ratio on dispersion in semi-infinite homogenous media. The viscosity is supposed to be unsteady due to changing component concentration over time. In cases of both a viscosity ratio larger and less than 1, the pollutant concentration and flow velocity are computed at different initial conditions and viscosity ratios. The analytical solutions are then developed by introducing new variables and transforming the equation governing advection–diffusion equation in semi-infinite homogeneous media with a continuous source. A comparison of the numerical solution with the analytical solution revealed a similarity over 98%, highlighting the usability of the analytical solution. If the viscosity ratio is larger than 1, flow velocity declines exponentially and concentration attenuates with transporting time. In addition, the timescale plays a significant role and the effects become more prominent in long-term transport. In the case of a viscosity ratio less than 1, both the timescale and viscosity ratio variables have little influence on the changing speed of the concentration profile. This work helps to predict the position and the time required to reach the harmless pollutant concentration when monitoring fracturing fluids transportation into groundwater system and would be especially useful in designing and interpreting laboratory experiments studying the miscible flow.     

大地电磁(MT)自适应有限元各向异性正演

电各向异性在自然界中普遍存在,特别是沉积盆地中的部分岩层经过压实变质作用,表现出很强的各向异性导电性,采用基于各向同性模型对实测资料进行正反演解释必然会造成困难甚至结果的错误,只有基于各向异性理论的正反演解释才更为合理准确。本文通过自适应有限元对大地电磁各向异性进行正演计算,分别模拟水平、垂直和倾斜各向异性介质在不同偏转角和主轴电阻率下的响应结果。结果表明：自适应有限元能够在后验误差的控制下得到合理的网格,使计算结果更加接近解析解;在各向异性介质中,大地电磁TE极化模式的视电阻率和阻抗相位与垂直于层面的电阻率无关;二维电各向异性结构中,大地电磁TM极化模式响应结果总是由主轴上的电阻率在y轴方向上的分量所决定。     

An analytical solution for the transient response of saturated linear elastic porous media

The motions of fluid and solid phases in saturated porous media are coupled by inertial, viscous and mechanical interactions as described by Biot's equations. A one-dimensional exact analytical solution of the Biot's equations for the completely general solution of the transient problem in saturated, linear, elastic, porous media is presented. The problem is solved by using the Fourier series. The transient response of porous media is shown for typical material properties of a natural granular deposit and for different degrees of viscous coupling. The analytical results show the mechanics of dispersive wave propagation in saturated porous media and they should provide a useful comparison term for the existing numerical solution methods.     

粘弹-塑性岩体中衬砌与围岩的共同作用问题

在许多类型的岩层中(比如粘土质的沉积岩、岩盐以及其他较软弱的岩质等)地下洞室在开挖完成之后,其围岩的变形特性,强度特性以及整体的稳定性有明显的时间效应.因此,近年来在国内外的研究工作中已有不少人致力于时间因素对围岩稳定性影响的研究.