地电观测仪器台站比测技术指标

在地电观测仪器技术比测规范的编写中,为了衡量比测仪器的稳定性和观测数据的一致性,会设置具体的技术指标值来进行约束.为了验证技术指标设置值的合理性,利用地电场仪、直流地电阻率仪对比观测所得数据,按照规范编写中的方法计算技术指标值,经分析认为,地电观测仪器技术比测规范中的技术指标值设置合理,为地电观测仪器技术比测规范技术的...     

地电观测干扰类型浅析

工业游散电流、金属接地体、地下埋设的金属管道是地电观测的主要干扰源。分析了大型变电站的巨大金属接地体及其产生的游散电流、浅层埋设的金属管道对地电观测造成的影响、数据变化与干扰的关系,计算了游散电流,并给出了避开干扰的距离公式及计算结果。     

菏泽5.9级地震前后地电阻率变化特征

从地电瞬时观测值突跳的角度,分析了菏泽5.9级地震前后的地电观测资料,发现其突跳频度和幅度均有明显的异常显示,研究地电阻率的这一变化,对地震的短临预报具有重要意义.     

地电扰动指数GEI研究

本文应用中国大陆地区11个地电场台站5.5年（2012-01-01—2017-05-31）中磁静日和磁扰日的观测数据,并联系地电场变化敏感响应地下介质非均匀性和空间电磁活动的特点,发展了地电扰动指数,即消除静日地电变化的幅值比地电指数（GEI）.对比各台站的地电指数与地磁指数,87.43%的单台地电指数D与单台地磁指数K在数值上完全相同或相差1,93.75%的单台平均地电指数Ds与单台平均地磁指数[K+0.5]（四舍五入）相同或仅相差1,说明地电指数能用于量化界定地电扰动水平,如同地磁指数量化界定磁扰水平.地电指数将服务于地球电磁环境监测、科学研究等领域,同时也可以用来评估地电场观测数据的质量.     

地埋钢缆对宝昌台地电阻率干扰的定量分析

宝昌台EW、NS测道地电阻率在2009年11月出现了显著的短时间下降变化,随后迅速恢复,EW测道自2010年2月底开始大幅下降,经现场落实认为这些变化与2009年11月中国移动公司在测区埋设的钢缆有关,2011年7月26日和27日经台站和中国移动公司协商后移除了部分钢缆,两测道的地电阻率观测值得到恢复.建立三维有限元模型计算了表层土壤处于非稳定冻结、稳定冻结和完全融通三个阶段钢缆对地电阻率观测的影响,计算得到:在稳定冻结阶段钢缆对观测的影响非常小,完全融通阶段的影响最大,非稳定冻结阶段的影响介于二者之间,且三个阶段计算得到的地电阻率变化值与观测值相吻合,从数值分析的角度确定了钢缆对宝昌台地电阻率观测的干扰.     

搭建蔬菜大棚对固原地电台视电阻率观测影响的分析

通过观测,理论计算和实验研究,探讨了固原地电台测区内搭建蔬菜大棚后北东及东西测道视电阻率测值快速上升的原因,定量解释了搭建蔬菜大棚对固原地电观测的影响,并研究和总结了这种影响的机制。从而认为,2008年3月下旬固原视电阻率出现的高值变化不属于地震异常,并为今后判断引起地电测值变化的原因提供了依据。     

基于泰勒多项式及曲面样条函数的地电场变化分析

选取江苏及邻区地电台网13个台站地电场观测分钟值,采用泰勒多项式和曲面样条函数模型建立地电日变化模型,使用模型曲线描述不同年份、同农历日期、同等磁情天气的实测地电日变化,结果表明:使用分钟值曲线建立的地电日变化模型,更能清晰反映日变化特点,并可反映一天当中台站观测环境、测量系统等变化引起的地电变化;使用同一区域地电台网中若干台站同方向测道的样本曲线,建立各测道电场变化模型,可反映其自身特征及共性特征。     

汶川MS8.0大震前的电磁现象

本文应用最大熵谱估计方法(MEM)等处理了2008年四川汶川M_S8.0地震震中周围电磁台的观测数据,研究了地电、地磁场变化,得到:(1) 在汶川大震前,位于青藏高原东北缘的电磁台记录了显著的自然电场变化、地电场功率谱值增大以及地磁场日变化波形畸变等电磁现象,特别是地电场周期约小于3 h的低频成分的谱值增大了3个数量级以上.(2) 在距离主震震中约500 km范围内,记录了地电、地磁场低频谱值增大为主的电磁现象,特别是距离主震震中最近的成都台地电场谱值增大了4个数量级.(3) 震前电磁现象的时空分布与青藏高原的大震活动(包括2008年新疆于田M_S7.3地震)有大空间尺度的构造关联性.本文讨论了电磁现象的机理,认为在震前地下介质内部的微裂隙发展、定向排列过程中,微破裂"机-电转换"作用和地下水运移等多因素引起了地电、地磁场变化.在本次大震前电磁现象的时空强图像很复杂,可能原因是台站所在处的地下局部介质作用和震源孕育激发的电磁辐射引起了复杂的电磁现象.     

陕西周至地电台地电阻率年变特征分析

本文基于测深反演结果, 通过数值模拟定性分析了地下水位和降雨对周至地电台地电阻率观测的影响; 同时利用褶积算法定量分析了降雨对该台NS向和NE向地电阻率观测的短期影响和长趋势影响.结果表明, 周至地电台地电阻率年变主要由地表薄层介质电阻率季节变化引起, 受地下水位变化影响不明显. 降雨对NS向和NE向地电阻率观测值的影响在短期内与观测结果一致, 表现为增加; 但长期趋势则与观测结果呈负相关关系.根据数值模拟分析认为, 这种变化与降雨及其渗透深度有关.分析结果与实际观测结果一致, 为正确认识周至地电台地电阻率观测与异常判定提供合理的理论依据.      

江宁地电新台监测预报效能评价

江宁地电新台于１９９６年开始在新台址处正式观测。经４年的观测资料积累,已具备条件对新台的监测预报效能进行评价。评价表明,江宁地电新台观测资料可靠,观测精度较高。因１９９６年１１月９日南黄海Ｍｓ６．１地震（△３９６ｋｍ）和１９９７年７月２８日南海Ｍｓ５．１地震（△３６０ｋｍ）前,地电阻率值显示了较好的前兆异常。对台址测区附近（△〈１０ｋｍ）发生的ＭＬ２．１地震,江宁地电新台地率也观测到异常变化。由此     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.