中国萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学及萤石的矿物物理特征

中国萤石矿床分为花岗岩，火山岩及沉积岩的３种类型。萤石中稀土总量依上述顺序降低，ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ值依次增加。萤石的稀土配分与围岩相似。在Ｍｏｌｌｅｒ等图中，３各萤石处于不同的区域内，表明该类低温液型萤石只与围岩岩性有关。在ＢａｒｂｉｅｒＡｌｌｅｇｒｅｅ以及Ｍｏｌｌｅｒ等图中，所有沉只岩中的萤石都落入世界范围的沉积岩区，说明成矿作用与沉积作用密切相关，３种萤石中，不同的稀土含量具有不同的喇曼光岩区     

一种重要的非金属资源--萤石矿的开发及利用

萤石叉名氟石．为卤族矿物。矿石类型以矿物成分的不同，可分为石英-萤石型、方解石-萤石型、碳酸盐-萤石型、硫化物-萤石型、重晶石-萤石型、硅质岩萤石型。萤石中含有卤族元索氟，是制取含氟化合物的主要原料，又由于熔点低而广泛用于炼钢、有色金属冶炼、水泥、玻璃、陶瓷。我国萤石矿产资源具有以下明显的特点：①储量居世界第一，资源潜力巨大;②萤石储量相对集中；③单一型萤石矿床（点）多，储量少；伴（共）生型矿床（点）数少。储量大；④贫矿多，富矿少；⑤难选矿多，易选矿少。     

内蒙古某萤石矿品位鉴定方法应用与研究

为查明内蒙古某萤石矿的准确品位，向仲裁机构提供客观公正公平的萤石矿品位鉴定报告，在广泛收集前人资料信息，深入研究矿区萤石矿石品位计算方法的基础上，提出了采用单工程萤石矿品位对比的鉴定方法，即对所有单个工程中萤石品位大于等于边界品位的样品，以样长进行加权平均，求得2013年详查工作与鉴定工作中单个工程的萤石品位大于等于边界品位的样品加权平均品位和样品长度，按照单个工程，采用一一对应的方法对比分析，以此鉴别判断2013年详查工作提供的相关地质数据的准确性。该方法重在进行单工程品位和样长的对比，不进行复杂的矿体圈定连接，规避人为主观因素影响。对比结果具有科学性、客观性、唯一性，在内蒙古某萤石矿品位鉴定工作中应用效果较好。     

辉锑矿—萤石共生矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学

对滇黔交界地区的大厂和老厂二个辉锑矿－萤石共生矿床中的萤石单矿物进行了稀土元素地球化学研究。结果表明：这二个矿床萤石稀土分布模式相似；萤石中轻重稀土分馏不明显；存在明显的铈和铕的负异常；本区辉锑矿－萤石共生矿床为热液成因。     

萤石颜色与微量元素关系研究

萤石是一种重要的战略性非金属矿产资源,自然产出的萤石颜色丰富,包括紫色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、无色等。萤石颜色可能与杂质元素、晶体缺陷和有机质有关。本文通过搜集有关萤石微量元素和稀土元素的国内外文献,试图讨论萤石颜色与微量元素和稀土元素之间可能存在的关系。结果表明:(1)不同颜色萤石与微量元素和稀土元素总量之间没有相关性;(2)同一颜色萤石不同深浅色调与微量元素和稀土元素总量之间也没有相关性。萤石颜色主要与Y、Ce、Sm等几个特定的稀土元素有关,且萤石颜色可能主要受稀土元素种类控制,与稀土元素含量无关。紫色萤石相对富集U、Th、Rb、Nb元素,绿色萤石相对富集Ba元素,蓝色萤石相对富集Zr元素。另外,萤石颜色与温度和矿床成因之间不存在明显关系。     

用浮选法分离萤石的探讨

本文简略地叙述了萤石的物理特性及共生矿物组合。根据萤石的物理化学性质,选择了对萤石的分选方法,并着重分析了用重选和浮选法分离萤石的技术方案比较,确认用浮选法分离萤石是有效的方法之一,因而对用浮选法分离萤石进行了一系列的不同药剂种类和用量试验,并选择了对萤石富集比较有效的药剂对某铁矿中微细萤石的浮选富集和提纯,结果采用粗选与精选相结合的提纯流程,可以达到预想的目的,萤石的纯度可达97%左右。     

萤石矿产资源开发利用状况及建议

章介绍了我国萤石矿产资源的现状,萤石矿的用途及开发利用现状,指出了萤石矿产开发利用中存在缺乏统一规划,宏观调控措施无力,低品位资源缺乏较好的选矿加以开发,产业升级缓慢,资源效益差,流通秩序混乱,产业优势难以发挥等问题,提出了国家有关部门应明确萤石资源战略地位和建立统一的生产,销售外贸出口管理机制等建议。     

银矿与萤石的时空关系

银矿床，特别是大型-超大型银矿床多分布于萤石矿密集区，一些银成矿带与萤石成矿带基本一致。银矿中一般共生或伴生萤石化，萤石矿中多含有很高的Ag，甚至形成银-萤石矿床。银矿化的时代通常与萤石矿化时代相似或接近，说明一些银矿床与萤石有着密切的时空关系和成因联系。因而萤石可以成为寻找银矿的重要标志之一。     

天然萤石的热释光研究

本文对采自国内11个萤石矿床的萤石样品,进行了系统的天然和人工热释光测试研究,探讨了有关萤石热释光特征与成因类型、杂质成分、颜色等之间的关系。     

华南低温热液脉状萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

华南地区广东、福建、江西等省内的萤石矿床，多数处于花岗岩的内外接触带上。成矿方式为脉状充填（交代）式。成矿严格受中国东部北东向构造控制。近百个样品稀土分析表明，萤石中稀土含量为１００×１０~（－６）－２００×１０~（－６），并且随着围岩中稀土含量的增加和萤石绿度的增加而增高，随着围岩蚀变强度的增强和矿化由早到晚而降低。萤石中的稀土配分曲线为右倾斜的平缓曲线，与黑云母花岗岩及其中的黑云母具有相似性和同步性。在稀土组成三角图中，由围岩到萤石，向中或重稀土转移。在Ｍｏｌｌｅｒｅｔａｌ．的Ｔｂ／Ｃａ－Ｔｂ／Ｌａ图中，这类与花岗岩有关的萤石均落在热液区中间部位。产于陆源碳酸盐岩（海相火山沉积岩与沉积碳酸盐接触面）中的以及产于沉积碳酸盐中的萤石，处于花岗岩的下部，而与火山岩有关的处于花岗岩之上。显然在Ｍｏｌｌｅｒｅｔａｌ．的图中，此类低温热液矿床的位置，仅与围岩的岩性有关。研究后确认，华南低温热液脉状萤石矿床，是在花岗宕及与其接触的其他岩石成岩后，由大气降水组成的地下热水溶液，不断对围岩进行淋滤，使Ｃａ、Ｆ、ＲＥＥ等重新活化、转移，最后成矿的。     

钨锡矿床萤石的演化及稀土元素地球化学

本文对黄沙和珊瑚钨锡矿床的萤石进行了系统研究,随着成矿作用由早至晚成矿温度的逐渐降低,不同矿化阶段矿脉内和同一矿脉不同世代的萤石,其晶形和物理性质都具有相同的演化规律。产在硅铝质岩石中的充填型矿脉,其萤石的稀土模式与成矿母岩的相似,可以用来表征矿床的分带性和预测成矿母岩(花岗岩类)的成因类型;产于富含钙质围岩中的充填-交代型矿脉,其萤石的稀土模式不能表征成矿母岩的成因类型,但可以反映相应的成矿环境。     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床成矿流体来源与演化初探——萤石稀土地球化学的证据

萤石是四川牦牛坪稀土矿最重要的脉石矿物之一。根据稀土含量、有关参数及配分模式，矿区萤石可分为LREE富集型、KLEE平坦型和LREE亏损型3种，不同类型萤石之间以及每种类型萤石的稀土地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区3种类型的萤石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体主要来源于本区正长岩－碳酸岩岩浆演化分异的相对富集LREE的流体；矿床成矿过程中较少再有相对富集LREE的流体参与；成矿环境由相对氧化向相对还原变化。     

FTIR spectroscpy of natural fluorite from Ambadongar, Gujarat

The principal aim of this study is to examine the presence of structural water in the form of a hydrous ion (OH-) in fluorites of Ambadongar, Gujarat. Several recent spectroscopic studies indicate that in addition to molecular water in fluid inclusions of fluorite, structurally bound water may occur as H₂O and OH species in hydrothermal fluorite. To further clarify this effect, a FTIR study has been carried on hydrothermal fluorite samples from Ambadongar. The analysis were carried out at room temperature as well as 250°C on powdered samples of yellow, blue-green, blue and colourless fluorites. FTIR spectroscopic measurements of all the fluorites show a broad absorption band between 3439–3410 cm^?1 corresponding to bond of O-H stretching vibration indicating the presence of structurally bound water in all fluorites. This structural water in variable amount as different hydrous species associated with other impurity may act as an energy absorbent in the crystal and production of colour in fluorites. From field study of fluorite veins the colour was determined as blue and purple, which, are commonly inter layered, followed by white, finally yellow and colourless varieties.     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床萤石REE配分模式的影响因素

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床萤石REE配分模式表现出明显变化的特征，本文从稀土离子半径和温度两个方面分析了影响矿区萤石配分模式的原因。结果表明：矿区萤石中LREE的配分模式主要受温度影响，而MREE、HREE主要受离子半径控制。     

Trace-element and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence for the origin of the Sardinian fluorite mineralization (Italy)

The fluorite-bearing hydrothermal mineralization in Sardinia mainly occurs within Paleozoic volcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Only 3 occurrences are located in volcanic and siliciclastic Cenozoic rocks. Most Sardinian fluorites exhibit relatively high rare earth and Y (REY) contents, strong positive Y anomalies, slightly negative Ce and generally positive Eu anomalies. These features indicate that the REY were mobilized mainly from non-carbonate rocks. Neither Sr nor Nd isotopes can be used to date radiometrically the Sardinian fluorites. However, the measured Sr-isotope ratios of the fluorites hosted by Paleozoic rocks fit mixing lines in the 1000/Sr versus ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr plot once recalculated at 280 Ma, suggesting that the age inferred for the correction probably represents that of the formation of the fluorite mineralization. Mixing likely occurred between diluted surficial waters and brines circulating mainly through the Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary basement. The Cenozoic fluorites exhibit chemical and isotopic features similar to those of the Paleozoic fluorites, except the Nuraghe Onigu fluorite displaying a possible contribution of Sr from Cenozoic magmatic rocks. The initial ε_Nd values of the Paleozoic fluorites fit the age proposed for the formation of the deposits. Moreover, the values suggest that radiogenic Nd was provided to the fluids from the Ordovician siliciclastic basement, except for 3 deposits where the potential source rocks of Nd were mainly Ordovician acidic magmatic rocks. The initial ε_Nd values of the Cenozoic fluorites suggest a provenance of Nd essentially from the leaching of Variscan granitoids.     

Characteristics of rare-earth elements （REE）, strontium and neodymium isotopes in hydrothermal fluorites from the Bailashui tin deposit in the Furong ore field,southern Hunan Province,China

In this paper the authors present the REE concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of fluorites from the Bailashui tin deposit of the Furong ore field, southern Hunan Province. The results showed that the total amount of REE in fluorites is usually low, ranging from 0.705 to 8.785 μg/g with the chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns similar to those of the Qitianling granites in the study area, characterized by LREE-enrichment patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The fluorites vary in Sr isotopic composition within the range of 0.7083-0.7091, the values are lower than those of the granites and higher than those of the host carbonate rocks in this area. The εNd（t） values of fluorites vary between -9.4 and ＋10.3, revealing that both the crust- and mantle-source materials were involved in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids. Combined with previous studies on this ore deposit, the Bailashui tin deposit is temporally and spatially closely related with granitic magmatism in this area. The hydrothermal fluorites are the product of fluid/rock interactions between granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks. The REE and F in the ore-forming fluid were derived from the granites, whereas Sr in the ore-forming fluid came mainly from the granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks, although variations in Sr isotopic composition cannot be explained by a simple mixture of these two end-members. Evidence demonstrated that the ore-forming fluids are of crustal-mantle mixing origin, but that the fluids were probably incompletely homogenized and this may be caused by inhomogeneous mixing of the fluids of different sources.     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床萤石稀土元素、同位素地球化学

萤石是四川牦牛坪稀土矿床最重要的脉石矿物之一，本身已具有工业价值。根据稀土元素含量、有关参数及分布模式，将矿区萤石分为LREE富集型、LREE平坦型和LREE亏损型三种。不同REE类型中的萤石稀土元素地球化学特征具有连续变化的规律。萤石与围岩REE、同位素分析对比结果表明，LREE富集型、LREE平坦型和LREE亏损型萤石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；萤石成矿流体具有地幔特征，与矿区正长岩－碳酸岩密切相关。     

The Laal-Kan fluorite deposit,Zanjan Province,NW Iran: constraints on REE geochemistry and fluid inclusions

The Laal-Kan fluorite deposit (west of Zanjan city, NW Iran) mainly occurred as some open-space filling and vein/veinlet in the schist of the Paleozoic age. Mineralogically, calcite, fluorite types (white, smoky, and violet), and quartz are the principal constituents accompanied by a number of minor accessory minerals such as hemimorphite, hematite, barite, and clays. Based on chemical analyses, fluorites of various colors were found to have low rare earth element (REE) concentrations (4.16–25.67 ppm). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns indicated that early fluorites were enriched in LREE, relative to HREE, whereas late fluorites were enriched in HREE relative to LREE. This study, therefore, indicated that fugacity of oxygen likely played a significant role in the occurrence of positive Ce and negative anomaly in the late fluorite. Furthermore, the Gd behavior of the fluorite samples could be attributed to the Gd-F complex in ore-forming fluids. On the other hand, low pH hydrothermal fluids under alkaline conditions were probably the main mechanism responsible for the deposition of the early fluorites in this district. Fluorite-hosted fluid inclusion analyses also indicated that fluorite-forming fluids consisted of NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, and LiCl with a narrow T_H (118–151 °C) and high salinities (18.96–23.47 wt.% NaCl equiv.). Further, the diagram of Tb/La-Tb/Ca ratios revealed that fluorites were predominantly deposited in the hydrothermal environment and the late stage fluorites could be considered as the product of the secondary mineralization of the early fluorites due to the interaction of the fluid with the early fluorites.     

天然萤石的喇曼光谱和发光谱研究

本文着重报导对采自我国不同地区和不同成因类型的２３个天然萤石样品所进行的喇曼光谱测定和研究结果，大多数样品也同时显示发光谱，研究发明，萤石的喇曼图谱与其成因类型，样品的颜色，特别是所含稀土总量密切相关，低温有利于发光谱线的呈现，而高温则怡恰相反。