PC-2000型活性炭氡测量仪

PC--2000型活性炭氡测量仪是由便携式工控机支持的用于测量活性炭吸附氡子体γ的高科技新产品：本文介绍了PC-2000型活性炭氡测量仪的用途、结构、原理、技术性能与使用方法。     

MD数字化断层形变测量仪资料的应用分析

分析了“九五”期间安装在“山东数字化地震前兆台网”的MD跨断层形变测量仪资料的干扰因素、变化特点及其与水准、基线观测的一致性，探讨了其映震能力及断层运动的表现方式。     

DLG型断层位移水平切向分量测量仪自动化标定

介绍了DLG型断层位移水平切向分量测量仪的自动化标定系统组成、标定原理和标定过程.给出了该标定系统在北京市丰台区大灰厂地震台的实际标定结果,该结果满足地壳形变观测仪技术标准的要求.     

LN-24YSJC型实时压缩纠错系统的研制

介绍了一种适用于有线传输、无线传输的各类数字地震台及台网使用的24位地震数据采集器数据传输纠错设备。本文阐述了该仪器的工作原理、硬件结构和主要功能。     

LN-ZHJC-Ⅱ型综合检测仪的研制

详细阐述了LN-ZGHC-Ⅱ型综合检测仪的工作原理。硬件结构和主要功能。     

邯郸6井水氡观测环境与震例分析

从邯郸6井水氡1986年以来的月均值曲线分析,2001年以来水氡处于高值异常变化,2003年5月月均值一阶差分出现超出2倍均方误差的单点异常。在以往日常资料分析中,如果邯郸6井水氡出现一些显著变化,往往习惯性地怀疑其观测环境特殊性影响资料的信度,即将其归因于邯郸6井停泵、观测水样为井网混合水所致。随着分析的深人,认为如此分析过于简单。鉴于以上原因,本文拟对该井多年资料进行深人分析,对资料的映震能力做进一步探讨。     

气氡观测中的恒流鼓泡式脱气-集气装置研制与应用

利用20 cm不锈钢高压锅作为集气室,在锅的两边上、下分别打一个进出水孔,用15 mm不锈钢管道件连接,把进水口制作成高于锅内液面,出水口与锅内液面为同一水平面,形成一高一低,一小一大两个相对稳定的动态水平液面,在进水管中引入气泵输出气体,使集气室内进水同时进行自动连续鼓泡,把水中气体脱出,在输气管中接入玻璃转子流量计控制气体流量,进行恒流鼓泡。并应用于小流量冷水井气氡观测,效果显著。     

牡丹江台水氡观测自动排气系统的研制

为了提高牡丹江地震台FD-125水氡观测的自动化水平,减轻观测人员工作负担,使得排气过程更加准确可靠,在水氡观测中采用智能化的工业自动控制技术已势在必行。介绍了牡丹江地震台研制的水氡观测自动控制系统,该系统将计算机自动控制技术应用于水氡观测排气过程之中,解决了闪烁室底数不达标的问题,实现了降低本底过程的自动化。     

基于网络环境的台站地震速报系统研制与应用

介绍了在网络环境下台站地震速报系统研制的相关技术和流程,阐述了速报系统功能模块的作用和C/S编程实现方法.该系统在安徽省地震台站投入使用以来,替代了台站过去的电话速报方式,为加强台站地震速报质量管理和工作责任起到积极促进作用,收到了预期的效果.     

通用化地震数据采集系统的研制

本文介绍了一种适用于地震行业的低成本通用地震数据采集器,阐述了该仪器的工作原理、硬件结构和主要功能。     

A microcontroller‐based data‐logger design for seasonal hydrochemical studies

Detailed studies of seasonal patterns of karst processes are rare in remote regions with limited winter access. An important aspect of erosional and environmental processes is how these change over time, and how they relate to annual cycles of temperature, precipitation and runoff. Such measurements have consistently proved difficult in remote alpine areas, resulting in a paucity of continuous data from these environments. An automated data‐logger installation designed to perform under difficult conditions, including limited sunlight for solar recharge, heavy snowfall and disturbance by bears, has provided four years of data at a 2‐hour sampling interval of electrical conductivity (used to predict solute concentration), water level (used to predict discharge) and temperature, at the Marble Mountains karst resurgence, California, USA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震前水氡异常台站时空分布非均匀性变化特征

研究了华北地区６级左右强震前水氡观测值异常的时空非均匀分布变化特征。结果表明,在强震前水氡观测异常台站的空间分布非均匀性发生显变化,Ｃｖ值明显的和蔼同过程。这说明,强震前短临地震前兆异常空间分布的非均匀性增强,变得更加不均匀,这可能邮地壳应力场的增强过程。     

刘家堡活动断层土壤气氡、 汞地球化学特征

应用FD-3017RaA测氡仪和JM-4数字金膜测汞仪在兰州市进行了野外现场勘察, 结果表明: ① 刘家堡断层土壤气氡、 汞具有明显的异常显示。 与气氡相比, 土壤气汞具有更好的指示性, 与断层位置有很好的对应关系; ②土壤气氡、 汞的典型异常形态为低-较高-高-较高-低的峰值形态。 单点异常大多数为观测中的干扰因素造成; ③ 在断层带上方氡、 汞的峰值异常一般比背景值高出2倍以上, 且具有成组特征, 即在断层带上方超过背景值2倍以上的点2个以上。 根据断层带土壤气氡、 汞的变化特征, 确定了刘家堡活动断层在不同区段的具体位置。 探讨了利用土壤气氡、 汞浓度形态变化特征判断活断层性质及产状的可能性。     

均匀覆盖层中氡迁移的数值模拟

氡能从地下深部运移到地表,可带来反映地下地质状态的信息.本文以氡在均匀覆盖层中的迁移过程为对流-扩散方式作为理论基础,推导了二维氡浓度微分方程,用有限差分方法计算了无限氡源层、有限单氡源层、有限双氡源层在均匀覆盖层中氡浓度的数值解,以二维断面的形式展示了氡的分布,其结果与野外实测相符.     

煤田陷落柱氡气场的数值计算及空间形态分布特征

根据流体场的扩散理论和对流理论,建立了扩散系数与对 流速度为常量或变量情况下的氡气场三维状态方程;对于陷落柱柱体侧面有源氡气场和柱体 体内有源氡气场两种理论模型,给出了不同系数和边界条件下的数值解的形式. 针对模型的 特点及其边界条件用差分法分别进行了数值计算,结果表明陷落柱氡气场的空间形态 分布特征. 野外实测和模型试验的结果相互吻合.     

Variations of radon content in groundwaters and possible correlation with seismic activities in northern Taiwan

Radon (²²²Rn) concentration in geothermal waters and CO₂-rich cold springwaters collected weekly in duplicate samples from four stations in northern Taiwan were measured from July 1980 to December 1983. Seven spike-like radon anomalies (increases of 2 to 3 times the standard deviation above the mean) were observed at three stations. Following every anomaly except one, an earthquake ofM _L above 4.6 occurred within 4 to 51 days, at an epicentral distance 14 to 45 km, and at a focal depth of less than 10 km. The distribution of the earthquakes preceded by radon anomalies is skewed in certain directions from the radon stations; the radon stations seem to be insensitive to earthquakes occurring in the other directions. At the fourth station, near a volcanic area, much gas (mainly CO₂) is discharged from the well, together with hot water. A very high concentration of radon was detected in the discharged gas; therefore trapping of gas in the water can result in anomalously high radon contents. According to limited measurements, the radon concentration in water appears to be undersaturated with respect to that in gas. This suggests that hot water is very susceptible to radon loss, and monitoring of radon in gas is more desirable.     

Variation of dispersion of radon content in the groundwater and short-term and imminent precursors of earthquakes

A lot of observational data both at home and abroad suggested that before some strong earthquakes anomalous variations of radon concentration appear in the chemical composition of groundwater. In order to further study these anomalies and get reliable precursory anomalies, a special packet of precursory data processing has been developed recently. By using a computer program of first-order difference method, it is discovered that the scatter of radon content increased systematically before earthquakes at some observation posts where observational conditions are fairly good. This change may be a new criterion for evaluating short-term and imminent earthquake precursors.     

A study of the attachment of radon daughter atoms to aerosol particles

Previous studies of the attachment of radon daughter atoms to aerosol particles in the atmospheric air have given varying results, a few of which did not conform to the diffusion theory developed byLassen andRau (1960). Our studies suggest that the radiolytic aerosols formed by gas-phase reactions in the presence of ionizing radiations interfere in the studies carried out with known aerosols. Radiolytic aerosols are formed spontaneously in the system, depending on the concentrations of aerosol-forming gases in the atmospheric air. It is shown that, under experimental conditions which suppressed the formation of radiolytic aerosols, the attachment rates of Ra-A atoms to aerosol particles in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 m in diameter agree with the diffusion theory developed byLassen andRau (1960). Such investigations of the interactions between atoms, molecules, ions, and aerosol particles are highly useful in atmospheric tracer studies.     

Impulsive radon emanation on a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault,California

Radon emanation was continuously monitored for several months at two locations along a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault in central California. The recorded emanations showed several impulsive increases that lasted as much as five hours with amplitudes considerably larger than meteorologically induced diurnal variations. Some of the radon increases were accompanied or followed by earthquakes or fault-creep events. They were possibly the result of some sudden outbursts of relatively radon-rich ground gas, sometimes triggered by crustal deformation or vibration.     

水氡动态图强震危险区预测的新方法

水氡动态图强震危险区预测法是一种地下流体的地震分析预报新方法。 对该方法做了系统的介绍,其内容有: 水氡基值变化率动态图像的生成方法,水氡变化率高值异常区图形演化与地震震中位置的关系,强震危险区预测的标志与方法。检验性预测结果表明,该方法具有预测效能,可在实际地震预报中使用。