桩基存在对基坑坑底变形性状的作用分析

基坑开挖时的卸荷,使土体应力场发生变化,引起坑底土体向上隆起。根据土体变形与模量的关系,探讨桩基的存在对土体模量以及基坑坑底隆起的影响。通过有限元ANSYS计算模拟了基坑开挖的过程,得出了有桩基和无桩基时基坑坑底隆起的趋势,讨论了桩距、桩长、桩荷的影响。计算结果与室内模拟试验得出的结果相同,与现场实测结果基本相符。     

Potassium Chloride Treatment to Control Alkali Induced Heave in Black Cotton Soil

The results presented in this paper shows that high concentrations of sodium hydroxide causes abnormal changes on the volume change behaviour of illite–smectite (interstratified mineral) soil due to mineralogical changes. The higher swell that occurs is shown in the form of a new second stage of swelling. Increase in negative charges on soil particles and mineralogical changes after interaction with soil, respectively, are responsible for the swelling in these two stages. However, potassium hydroxide does not induce such high swelling in soils. This is mainly due to the fixation of potassium ions. Hence an attempt has been made to control the swelling induced by sodium hydroxide by making used of potassium chloride as an additive. Potassium fixation which is not substantial at neutral pH is favoured at higher pH Addition of potassium chloride salt solution (as 2 and 5% solution) can reduce only the first stage of swelling by linking the unit layers of mineral by reducing development diffuse double layer near clay surface. Potassium chloride is unable to prevent the formation of mineralogical alteration due to soil alkali interaction and hence the swelling associated with mineralogical changes. X-ray diffraction studies have revealed that mineralogical changes leading to formation of zeolite by soil alkali interaction is not inhibited by potassium ions. Morphological changes studied by scanning electron microscope corroborate these observations. Also the compressibility of soil which is increased in alkali solution is reduced in the presence of potassium salts. This reduction is due to reduction in the first stage of swelling.     

Modelling Discharge Rates and Ground Settlement Induced by Tunnel Excavation

Interception of aquifers by tunnel excavation results in water inflow and leads to drawdown of the water table which may induce ground settlement. In this work, analytical and numerical models are presented which specifically address these groundwater related processes in tunnel excavation. These developed models are compared and their performance as predictive tools is evaluated. Firstly, the water inflow in deep tunnels is treated. It is shown that introducing a reduction factor accounting for the effect of effective stress on hydrodynamic parameters avoids overestimation. This effect can be considered in numerical models using effective stress-dependent parameters. Then, quantification of ground settlement is addressed by a transient analytical solution. These solutions are then successfully applied to the data obtained during the excavation of the La Praz exploratory tunnel in the Western Alps (France), validating their usefulness as predictive tools.     

Assessment of Sulfate Concentrations in Water Used During Chemical Stabilization and Its Potential Impact on Sulfate Induced Heave

The occurrence of sulfate-induced heave of roadways that were chemically stabilized with either lime or cement can require expensive road repairs. Previous research attributed the heave to the formation of an expansive mineral named ettringite. However, not all chemically stabilized soils will exhibit heave. The overall goal of this research was to determine if the sulfate concentration in water can contribute to, or even cause, sulfate induced heave. Two soils, one with a soluble sulfate level below 3000 mg/kg and one with >8000 mg/kg sulfate, were stabilized with either lime or cement and subjected to a capillary soak with distilled water or saturated sulfate water. The low sulfate soils did not swell above the accepted limit of 1.5 %. The high sulfate soils swelled significantly (p < 0.05) above accepted level regardless of the stabilizer used. Overall, stabilized soils subjected to a capillary soak with saturated sulfate water swelled more than soils soaked with distilled water. The results found in this study demonstrated that cement will increase the axial load capacity of the soil, but the soil will still have the potential to heave excessively if sulfate and aluminum are present above the stoichiometric requirements to from ettringite.     

加筋土稳定可靠度分析

将可靠度分析的ＪＣ法运用于加筋土坡稳定分析中,以瑞典法为计算模型,以土的抗剪强度指标Ｃ,ψ为基本随机变量,结合工程实例探讨了加筋土坡稳定可靠度分析中的若干规律性问题,得出了一些有益的结论。     

地下洞室开挖与支护有限元分析

介绍了数值方法在地下洞室开挖与支护稳定性分析中的应用情况,结合某地下大洞室的设计及施工方案,用有限元法对该洞的开挖与支护过程进行了有限元模拟,研究了喷锚参数设计问题,为工程设计和现场施工提供了理论指导。     

基坑开挖地表沉降模型适用性研究

基坑开挖引起的地表沉降对周边建筑物的安全造成了一定的威胁,在已有大量实测数据分析的基础上,提出了一种新的数学函数模型,并结合模型函数性质提出了基于最大沉降量Smax和沉降范围r的沉降模型表达式,结合相关工程实例中的数据分析,证明该模型对基坑开挖引起的地表沉降规律有着较好的适用性,将该模型与其他类似的模型进行了对比.研究成果可为相关基坑工程开挖引起的地表沉降的预测和控制提供参考.     

Microseism Induced by Transient Release of In Situ Stress During Deep Rock Mass Excavation by Blasting

During deep rock mass excavation with the method of drill and blast, accompanying the secession of rock fragments and the formation of a new free surface, in situ stress on this boundary is suddenly released within several milliseconds, which is termed the transient release of in situ stress. In this process, enormous strain energy around the excavation face is instantly released in the form of kinetic energy and it inevitably induces microseismic events in surrounding rock masses. Thus, blasting excavation-induced microseismic vibrations in high-stress rock masses are attributed to the combined action of explosion and the transient release of in situ stress. The intensity of stress release-induced microseisms, which depends mainly on the magnitude of the in situ stress and the dimension of the excavation face, is comparable to that of explosion-induced vibrations. With the methods of time–energy density analysis, amplitude spectrum analysis, and finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter, microseismic vibrations induced by the transient release of in situ stress were identified and separated from recorded microseismic signals during a blast of deep rock masses in the Pubugou Hydropower Station. The results show that the low-frequency component in the microseismic records results mainly from the transient release of in situ stress, while the high-frequency component originates primarily from explosion. In addition, a numerical simulation was conducted to demonstrate the occurrence of microseismic events by the transient release of in situ stress, and the results seem to have confirmed fairly well the separated vibrations from microseismic records.     

Inverse Analysis of Deep Excavation Using Differential Evolution Algorithm

This paper presents the applications of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in back analysis of soil parameters for deep excavation problems. A computer code, named Python‐based DE, is developed and incorporated into the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, with a parallel computing technique to run an FE analysis for all trail vectors of one generation in DE in multiple cores of a cluster, which dramatically reduces the computational time. A synthetic case and a well‐instrumented real case, that is, the Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) project, are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed back‐analysis procedure. Results show that multiple soil parameters are well identified by back analysis using a DE optimization algorithm for highly nonlinear problems. For the synthetic excavation case, the back‐analyzed parameters are basically identical to the input parameters that are used to generate synthetic response of wall deflection. For the TNEC case with a total of nine parameters to be back analyzed, the relative errors of wall deflection for the last three stages are 2.2, 1.1, and 1.0%, respectively. Robustness of the back‐estimated parameters is further illustrated by a forward prediction. The wall deflection in the subsequent stages can be satisfactorily predicted using the back‐analyzed soil parameters at early stages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加筋土坡稳定可靠度分析

将可靠度分析的JC法运用于加筋土坡稳定分析中,以瑞典法为计算模型,以土的抗剪强度指标C,φ为基本随机变量,结合一工程实例探讨了加筋土坡稳定可靠度分析中的若干规律性问题,得出了一些有益的结论.     

Reliability Analysis of Quick Sand Condition

First order reliability method (FORM) is generally used for reliability analysis in geotechnical engineering. This article adopts generalized regression neural network (GRNN) based FORM, Gaussian process regression (GPR) based FORM and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) based FORM for reliability analysis of quick sand condition. GRNN is related to the radial basis function (RBF) network. GPR is developed based on probabilistic framework. MARS is a nonparametric regression technique. A comparative study has been carried out between the developed models. The performance of GPR based FORM and MARS based FORM match well with the FORM. This article gives the alternative methods for reliability analysis of quick sand condition.     

GFRP筋在基坑工程中的应用前景分析

结合玻璃纤维增强复合材料（GFRP）筋抗拉强度高、抗剪性能差、轻质、环保等特点,分析GFRP筋在基坑工程中应用可行性,并进一步明确其基坑工程应用范围,总结GFRP筋在基坑工程应用时存在的问题,提出解决方案,推动了岩土工程技术发展及新材料的应用。     

考虑渗流场作用下的隧道开挖分析

由于隧道的开挖,破坏了初始地应力场与渗流场。以圆形隧道为例,采用有限差分程序计算考虑渗流场作用时,隧道开挖后洞室周围应力场、孔隙水压力、位移场的分布情况,并对比计算了是否考虑渗流效应时位移场的差异,以及不同水位导致的位移场的不同分布状态。提出了相应的隧道防排水、设计与施工相关建议。     

桩锚结构在深基坑支护中的应用分析

以河南人民置业网络传媒大厦为实例,介绍深基坑工程设计选型过程和施工情况,并对变形监测结果中的基坑坡顶水平位移、冠梁水平位移、锚索拉力进行分析,对桩锚支护结构的设计和施工提出了建议。     

边界环境复杂条件下基坑支护施工技术分析

介绍了广西梧州市河滨饭店原址改造基坑支护工程的场区边界复杂环境条件、基坑支护设计和支护施工技术分析。针对基坑周边场地狭窄,施工边界环境复杂的条件,对不同的支护面采用不同的支护技术措施,很好地解决了在复杂周边环境下基坑支护施工安全性、可靠性不高的问题,又相对降低了整个基坑支护造价。     

加筋水泥土锚桩基坑围护结构监测与数据分析

水泥土锚桩是一种主动加固土体的基坑支护技术,目前在上海、江苏等地应用较为广泛。以常熟市万豪轻纺城淤泥质深基坑水泥土锚桩支护为例,分析施工过程中围护结构及周围环境变化的监测数据,证实该支护结构安全可靠、节约投资。     

地基承载力的可靠度分析

把汉森公式确定地基极限承载力的主要因素视为随机变量 ,结合一工程实例 ,采用Monte Carlo法模拟求解极限承载力。运用可靠度理论 ,采用JC法计算了多种情况下相应于现行定值法设计安全水准的地基承载力的可靠度指标 β ,并对影响地基承载力可靠度指标的主要因素进行了敏感性分析     

填土边坡稳定性的可靠度分析

为了系统地建立填土边坡稳定性的可靠度分析方法, 首先, 在可靠度分析原理的基础上, 对填土边坡的不确定性进行了讨论; 然后, 建立了多变量影响下填土边坡可靠度分析的基本流程; 最后, 以广西平乐县二塘锰矿区典型填土边坡为例, 基于GeoStudio软件, 应用所提出的分析流程对典型填土边坡的可靠度指标进行了计算, 通过"安全概率"对边坡的安全性进行了评价.研究结果表明: (1)填土边坡的不确定性包括内部结构和环境因素两方面, 前者不确定因素来自于填土土体不确定性和边坡的几何特征不确定性, 后者不确定性因素来自于降雨、地震和人工加载等; (2)可靠度分析的基本流程为填土边坡系统不确定性分析、建立可靠度极限状态方程、求解可靠度指标和边坡安全性评价; (3)广西平乐二塘锰矿填土边坡敏感性因素排序为: 内摩擦角Φ＞黏聚力C＞车辆荷载F; (4)考虑50年一遇极值降雨过程, 稳定性系数在降雨12 h达到最小, 其可靠度指标(β)为8.79, 破坏概率为0.根据《滑坡防治工程设计与施工技术规范》所规定的安全系数, 填土边坡的安全概率为69.84%.