Study on Deformation Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Soft Rock Roadway

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In order to reveal the mechanism of surrounding rock deformation and instability of soft rock roadway in 12# working face of Puhe coal mine, and...     

开挖型黄土边坡剥落侵蚀作用及变形破坏研究

人工开挖是黄土地质灾害最积极的诱发因素之一。为揭示非大型工程未经支护的开挖型黄土边坡在卸荷、剥落、侵蚀作用下边坡的变形破坏特征及其对边坡稳定性的影响,通过野外调查、原位微型贯入测试、室内试验等方法,对陕西省延安地区23处开挖型黄土边坡进行研究。结果表明,边坡卸荷剥落层厚度与边坡开挖年龄呈线性正相关关系,现场贯入阻力值与边坡开挖年龄呈负幂相关关系,浅层土体化学侵蚀现象较深层土体强烈。开挖型黄土边坡的变形破坏模式主要为滑移式崩塌和蠕滑-拉裂式浅层滑坡,崩塌的破坏演化过程主要为"侵蚀剥落-内凹-张裂-滑移",滑坡的破坏演化过程主要为"蠕滑-拉裂-贯通-滑脱"。     

The Various Stress Paths Causing Deformation and Failure in Rocks

The rock deformation and failure tests are performed along various stress paths under true triaxial stress state. The experimental results have shown that the change of three principal stresses (the increase of the maximum principal stress, the decrease of the minimum principal stress, the decrease of the confining pressure and the increase or decrease of the intermediate principal stress ) can lead to deformation and failure in rocks. The strength, the deformability and the failure precursors of rocks are related with stress paths. Based on the results of the study, the problems of the stress path in rock engineering are discussed.     

岩体变形和破坏的各种应力途径

在真三轴应力状态下进行了各种应力途径的岩石变形和破坏实验。实验表明,三个主应力的变化(最大主应力的增加,最小主应力的减小,围压的减小以及中间主应力的增加或减小)都能引起岩石变形和破坏。而且岩石的强度、延性和脆性、体积变化和破坏前兆等都与应力途径有关。据根试验结果探讨了岩体工程中的应力途径问题。     

连拱隧道围岩变形和破坏形态的DDA分析

连拱隧道围岩一般为由节理结构面相互切割的非连续岩体,利用非连续性分析方法研究这类围岩的变形和破坏形态可以更好地反映工程实际情况。采用非连续变形分析方法 DDA,对金鸡山连拱隧道围岩的变形和破坏过程进行了模拟,将整个变形破坏过程划分为了3个阶段：中墙上方岩体变形、地表下沉、滑移面产生阶段、隧道左右洞两侧滑移带（或滑移面）的形成阶段以及中墙顶部块体失稳、隧道上方岩体快速塌落阶段。研究了金鸡山隧道浅埋围岩和深埋围岩的变形破坏特征,其中边墙部位、靠近中墙的内侧拱顶或拱肩部位、外侧拱肩部位会首先受到变形破坏。     

近水平岩层隧道围岩变形监测及其稳定性分析

介绍了广巴高速公路某近水平岩层隧道新奥法施工过程中现场监测的项目、手段及方法,基于监测结果,分析了近水平岩层隧道围岩变形特点、变形原因,划分了围岩变形阶段。以隧道左线进口段某断面为例进行回归分析,利用位移加速度正负的判据分析评价围岩稳定性。相关监测及分析结果为采取整治措施和后续施工提供科学依据,也为日后分析研究提供参考。     

软岩巷道弹塑性变形的理论分析

本文采用莫尔－库仑屈服准则和非关联塑性流动法则分析了轴对称软岩巷道的变形规律。从轴对称平面应变问题的基本方程出发，导出了软岩巷道弹塑性变形的位移理论解答，并给出了现有应力与位移理论解的适用条件。通过实例计算结果表明，本文得出的位移理论解与有限元数值解相当吻合。     

定向孔在隧道软弱围岩注浆加固中应用的初探

通过传统隧道软弱围岩的注浆孔和定向孔的比较、分析,研究定向孔在隧道软弱围岩注浆加固中应用的可行性。     

草峪岭隧洞3号标段软弱围岩支护技术

草峪岭隧洞3号标段软弱围岩占80%，隧洞开挖后极易发生片帮、冒顶事故。施工中通过采取超前锚杆、系统锚杆、钢拱架、喷射混凝土等联合支护形式，有效地提高了围岩的稳定性，保证了隧洞开挖的顺利进行。介绍了其支护技术及施工中的注意事项。     

青岛滨海海积淤泥水泥土力学性能及变形特性试验研究

为研究青岛滨海及环胶州湾地区海积淤泥形成的水泥土的力学性能及变形特性,开展了一系列配合比试验。试验结果表明,试样尺寸对水泥土抗压强度影响较小。水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随着龄期的增加而增大,近似呈双曲线关系,利用水泥土中总的灰水比和任意时间的水泥土无侧限抗压强度可预测水泥土的长期强度。水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随着水泥掺入比的增加而增大,呈线性相关,可通过经验公式进行预测。在使用高抗硫酸盐水泥时,当其掺入比超过15%时才能起到明显的抗侵蚀作用。此外应该适当提高水灰比以获得更高的水泥土强度。     

浅埋红层软岩隧洞围岩变形特征试验研究

红层软岩隧洞围岩变形破坏特征及其治理一直是工程界关心和亟待解决的问题.以某工程试验平硐为基础,利用隧洞围岩收敛变形监控量测及二次应力场测试,获取隧洞围岩动态综合信息,研究浅埋红层软岩隧洞无支护条件下,围岩的收敛变形和应力变化特征.结果显示,浅埋红层软岩隧洞收敛变形和二次应力之间有较好的对应关系,即较高应力对应较大的收敛变形,同时收敛变形和二次应力与埋深有较好的对应关系,且红层软岩在埋深较浅的条件下也具有流变性.在埋深较浅时,隧洞围岩与上覆岩层的接触关系会影响隧洞的应力状态及开挖后的收敛变形特征.     

浅变质细碎屑岩中韧性剪切变形构造岩特征及其类型划分

作者首次研究了浅变质细碎屑岩中韧性剪切带变形构造岩的特征,并进行构造岩类型划分;同时,对该类型构造岩与典型长英质糜棱岩的特征进行了对比分析;而后在构造岩岩石组构及综合研究基础上提出：这种构造岩的变形机制以粒间滑动为主,伴有细粒化,它们成生于地壳５—８ｋｍ的较浅层位和较低的温度、压力条件下。     

Numerical Analysis of Soft Surrounding Rock Deformation in Freezing Shaft Sinking based on Temperature Partition

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - To master the deformation law of soft surrounding rock of well wall during freezing shaft sinking in water-rich area, the distribution of freezing...     

Influence of Heterogeneity of Mechanical Properties on Hydraulic Fracturing in Permeable Rocks

Summary Numerical simulations of circular holes under internal hydraulic pressure are carried out to investigate the hydraulic fracture initiation, propagation and breakdown behavior in rocks. The hydraulic pressure increases at a constant rate. The heterogeneity of the rocks is taken into account in the study by varying the homogeneity index. In addition, the permeability is varied with the states of stress and fracture. The simulations are conducted by using a finite element code, F-RFPA^2D, which couples the flow, stress and damage analyses. The simulation results suggest that the fracture initiation and propagation, the roughness of the fracture path and the breakdown pressure are influenced considerably by the heterogeneity of rocks. The hole diameter elongation and the stress field evolution around the fracture tip during the fracture propagation can also provide useful information for the interpretation of the hydraulic fracturing behaviour.     

连云港海相软土不排水强度特征

连云港地区软土为碱性环境下沉积的非均质海积软土,软土抗剪强度具有固有各向异性。采用三轴不固结不排水剪切（UU）试验、无侧限抗压强度（UTC）试验、快剪试验和原位十字板剪切（FVT）试验4种方法,对连云港地区软土的不固结不排水抗剪强度特征进行了研究。结果表明：土体水平剪切面强度最低,竖直面抗剪强度最高;土体制样采用垂直方向的切取试样方式时,土体强度最高。根据三轴UU试验得出的黏聚强度和内摩擦角基于土体单元极限平衡理论恢复了土体剪切破坏时的应力状态,计算出土体实际抗剪强度。三轴UU试验得出的抗剪强度平均值约为13.13 kPa,试样破裂面与水平面的夹角在45.1°~45.7°区间最为集中。UTC试验测得的土体平均抗剪强度近似等于三轴UU试验测得的平均抗剪强度。FVT试验测得软土抗剪强度平均值为19.72 kPa,与三轴UU试验和UTC试验得出的抗剪强度平均值相比高了约6.60 kPa,这种现象与室内试验试样的机械扰动、土体应力状态改变和剪切面特征有关。     

Compacting Deformation Engineering Characteristics of Weathered Soft Rock Mixture in Subgrade

The engineering characteristics of weathered soft rock are important contents of soft rock mechanics. They also play a significant role in compacting deformation, which has been known to exert a significant amount of influence on the stability of highway filling subgrade engineering. In an effort to investigate this aspect of the problem, compacting tests and unconfined compressive strength tests have been carried out on weathered argillaceous slate and pelitic siitstone rocks, which are broken and graded before the test. The testing results indicate that the relationships of both between stress and strain and between axial strain and tangent modulus are exponential relationships; the size of the grain plays some influence on the deformation modulus, whereas the water content impacts the compressive strength greatly, which shows quadratic function; the unconfined compressive strength is linear with the dry density of loose soft rock mixtures. Therefore, the water content must be controlled in both the design and the construction of subgrade engineering of soft rock filling, and at the same time some effective measures should be taken to reach the requirement of compaction.     

Grouting Material for Broken Surrounding Rock and its Mechanical Properties of Grouting Reinforcement

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional grouting materials, such as large influence on water content, large volume shrinkage in the late stage, poor...     

软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的力学模拟与分析

本文着重对软弱围岩隧洞施工中的力学性态进行了计算机模拟和分析。文中除提出了考虑隧洞开挖面时空效应的三维分析模型外，还计入岩体流变时效，进行了弹－粘塑性数值计算。其中，研讨了开挖面推进过程中洞室围岩与错喷支护的相互作用以及设置整筑式二次内衬的影响。用所建议的力学模型和编制的程序软件，结合某实际工程，分别就洞室上下台阶法分部开挖、全断面法一次开挖和侧壁导坑法扩大开挖等三种最常见的隧洞施工作业方式进行了模拟分析，并将计算成果与现场实测数据作了比较验证。