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综述了近10a国内外有关重金属、氨态氮、亚硝酸盐、有机污染物等几种环境因子对虾蟹类非特异性免疫影响的研究成果,以期为通过改善养殖环境条件提高虾蟹类自身免疫抗病力提供理论依据.同时,为进一步深入开展该领域的研究工作积累资料. 相似文献
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虾池养殖环境有机污染物降解细菌的筛选 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在实验室条件下通过富集培养共分离出 1 2 1株菌进行筛选。利用需氧性、BOD2 / COD0 、胞外酶等指标进行筛选 ,最后筛选到 7株对富营养有机物具有较高降解能力的细菌 ,它们均能产生酪蛋白酶、明胶酶、脂酶 (Tween- 80 )、淀粉酶其中 4株细菌还能产生卵磷脂酶。通过测定 BOD5及 COD来衡量 7株细菌利用对虾饵料的能力 ,5d内对虾饵料培养基的 CODMn去除率达到 59.6%~ 79.2 %。用常规生理生化方法将细菌鉴定到属 ,其中 1株为弧菌属细菌 (Vibrio spp.) ,6株为芽孢杆菌属细菌(Bacillusspp.)。 相似文献
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本文从水产无脊椎动物与环境的关系论述其来克丁物质的功能;来克丁与微生物间的相互作用包括相互作用中有关来克丁、微生物种类,作用部位和作用物质等。从来克丁在水产无脊椎动物识别外来物质,包括抵御病原体的作用看,健康发展的水产业之一项关键任务便是认识和掌握来克丁在御防病害活动中的机理。 相似文献
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RNA干扰,是1种由双链RNA引发的转录后基因沉默现象.作为1种有力的反向遗传学研究工具,RNA干扰被广泛用于阻断各种基因的表达.建立在RNA干扰技术基础上的基因治疗,被认为是治疗病毒性疾病的有效手段.在水产科学领域,RNA干扰在对虾病毒病控制上的应用近几年受到广泛的关注.病毒性疾病已经在世界范围内给对虾养殖业造成了严重的经济损失,目前还没有有效的控制手段.利用RNA干扰技术控制对虾病毒的侵染,是一个很有前途的方法.本文综述RNA干扰技术在对虾病毒病防治中的最新进展,并对RNA干扰技术控制病毒侵染的可能性进行探讨. 相似文献
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浙江中南部外侧海区的虾类资源 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文根据1986年8月至1987年11月浙江中南部海域(27°00′~29°30′N,125°00′E) 拖虾调查资料,分析了虾类资源的种类、组成,拖虾渔获量及主要种类的分布,提出进一步开发凹管鞭虾,假长缝拟对虾等新的虾类资源的建议,并讨论了合理利用的途径。 相似文献
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海洋微生物抗肿瘤活性菌株的分级组合筛选 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
为探索如何快速获取活性菌株的筛选模式 ,组合使用海虾生物致死法和tsFT2 10细胞的流式细胞术筛选模型 ,对从青岛前海和胶州湾潮间带海泥、动植物样品中分离的 162株海洋微生物 ,进行了抗肿瘤活性的分级组合筛选。经海虾生物致死法一级初筛 ,得到活性菌株 5 8株 (LC50 <5 0 0 μg/mL) ,阳性率为 3 5 .8%。对初筛有效的 5 8株菌利用流式细胞术筛选模型进行二级复筛 ,得到对tsFT2 10细胞有各种活性的活性菌株共 2 5株 ,阳性率为复筛菌株数的 43 .1%、初筛菌株总数的 15 .4% ,其中 ,诱发细胞坏死伴有凋亡诱导活性的菌株 7株 (占总菌株的 4.3 % ) ,具有细胞周期抑制活性的菌株 18株 (占总菌株的 11.1% )。该分级组合筛选模式与流式细胞术筛选模型的单独筛选模式相比 ,无漏筛 ,具有成本低、速度快、宜于大规模筛选等特点。 相似文献
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On the basis of the research of DO budget or kinetics in shrimp pond, the main influence process of DO and its seasonal variations are quantitatively described through redividing the budget process and modifying the quantitative method of the process. The percentages of oxygen demand of various processes in the total oxygen demand are different in shrimp cultivation seasons. It is showed that the dissolved oxygen demand of mini-organisms is the major affected factor of DO in this environment and approximately accounts for 64.1~74.1% of the total oxygen demand. In the early period of shrimp culture, the dissolved oxygen demand of allotrophic bacteria degrading organic matters is much lower than that of phytoplankton respiration. But in the midterrn and later period, it is about 50% of the total oxygen demand because of the higher water temperature and more serious self-pollution. The dissolved oxygen demand of sediment is lower and just 19.1~28.8%, while the percentage of shrimp oxygen demand is lower. The effect of phytoplankton on DO in shrimp culturing water has dualism. One is the oxygen producing process of photosynthesis and the other is the oxygen consumption process of respiration. It is estimated that the dissolved oxygen demand of phytoplankton respiration is approximately one-fifth of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis under normal illumination conditions. The dissolved oxygen demand of al lotrophic bacteria degrading organic matters and the total oxygen demand of sediment increase 4 times and 1.7 times respectively from the early period to the midterm and later period.Obviously, the DO of culturing water can be also greatly improved by controlling the selfpollution of organic matters during shrimp culture. 相似文献
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中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对野生健康中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系进行了研究.从其肠道中分离出47株菌,它们分别属于弧菌属、发光杆菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属8个属.其中弧菌属和发光杆菌属在整个肠道中为优势菌属,不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属为次优势菌属,黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属为非优势菌属.在对虾的整个肠道中,前肠和中肠的优势菌属为弧菌属,而后肠的优势菌属为发光杆菌属.在弧菌属中溶藻胶弧菌、漂浮弧菌和坎贝氏弧菌为优势菌,哈唯氏弧菌为非优势菌.前肠、中肠和后肠的菌量分别为1.3×105、2.8×105和1.1×104cfu/虾体. 相似文献
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虾类消化道菌群研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
虾类消化道内生活着大量的细菌,它们成为虾体内不可或缺的重要组成部分,影响着机体的生长与健康。文章综述虾类消化道菌群的来源、组成以及作用。这些细菌主要来源于水体和食物中,常见的优势菌主要有发光杆菌属、弧菌属、气单胞菌属、假单胞菌属等。消化道菌群既可以为宿主提供营养、辅助消化,又能够拮抗病原、影响宿主的健康。它们的组成与变化既与虾类自身的种类、发育时期以及健康状况等因素有关,也受到包括水环境的盐度、温度、氧气浓度、饵料和药物等因素的影响。 相似文献
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福建是我国东南沿海重要海洋省份,可作业的海域面积13.6万km2,大陆海岸线3324km,大潮平均高潮时面积大于500m2的岛屿有1546个,沿岸有大小港湾125处。海洋港口资源、海洋生物资源、滨海矿产资源、滨海旅游资源、海洋能资源、海水化学资源等都十分丰富,在全国沿海11个省(市、区)中是名列前茅的,是名符其实的海洋资源大省。同时改革开放以来,海洋在福建省经济建设和社会发展中的战略地位日益提高,广大群众的海洋国土意识也不断提高,海洋经济已日益成为福建省国民经济的重要组成部分。据统计,福建省沿海23… 相似文献
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Abstract. The brown shrimp Crangon crungon is considered to be a key species in the coastal waters of the North Sea and in particular in the Wadden Sea, since it occurs in masses and acts as both a highly efficient predator and important prey. The Wadden Sea is the nursery ground for brown shrimp. In 1990, a mass invasion of O-group whiting ( Merlangius merlangus ) reduced Crangon numbers to almost zero. Similar events, which had previously been reported in the 19th century, were observed in 1959 (whiting), 1970 (cod, Gadus morhua ), and 1983 (cod and whiting).
The 1990 invasion and the decline of the shrimp stock are documented on the basis of surveys that are compared with the years preceding and following. Consequences for the food web in the Wadden Sea and the reasons for the complete recovery of the shrimp stock in each case within one year after its collapse are discussed with regard to the Crangon crungon behaviour and reproductive potential. Sampling error and the impact of fisheries are also considered. 相似文献
The 1990 invasion and the decline of the shrimp stock are documented on the basis of surveys that are compared with the years preceding and following. Consequences for the food web in the Wadden Sea and the reasons for the complete recovery of the shrimp stock in each case within one year after its collapse are discussed with regard to the Crangon crungon behaviour and reproductive potential. Sampling error and the impact of fisheries are also considered. 相似文献
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青岛近海琼胶降解细菌的筛选和多样性分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对青岛近海海水中琼胶降解细菌进行系统的分离,筛选得到87株海洋琼胶降解细菌。从中选出15株有代表性的菌株,克隆其16SrDNA序列,进行分子鉴定。结果表明,这些细菌主要分布在Cellulophaga,Cytophaga,Microbulbifer,Glaciecola,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas,Alteromonas和Agarivorans共8个属中。其中QM5,QM21,QM36鉴定为Cellulophaga lytica,QM15和QM28鉴定为Glaciecola mesophila,QM11,QM35,QM47,QM65分别鉴定为Cytophaga fuci-cola,Pseudoalteromonas atlantica,Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis,Alteromonas addita。其余5株菌能够鉴定到属的水平。其中1株细菌QM42还不能确立分类地位。 相似文献
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Chirananda De 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):79-95
Formation of burrow-head mud volcanoes by the mud-loving amphibious crab Uca marionis (Alcock) selectively on the either sides of estuary mouths along the Bay of Bengal coast, eastern India, requires peculiar substratal and biological conditions where soft muddy bottom sediments of the coastal mudflats are covered by a thin blanket of relatively rigid beach sands that provide a false substrate stability. Shallow-seated mud layers, being within the substrate penetration power, allow opportunistic burrowing by the crab and consequent oozing out of internal mud slur to form conical heaps of mud resembling volcanic cones. Removal of this thin sand cover prompts very fast erosion of the bottom mud and consequent widening of the estuary mouth and rapid beach erosion. A thick and rigid sand cover restricts deeper burrowing by the crabs. Uca marionis mud volcanoes, by virtue of limited power of vertical penetration down to required muddy substrate and requirement of special substrate conditions and geomorphic position along the coastal zone, are considered as unique ichnological tools that readily identify and precisely demarcate highly unstable or erosion-prone beach sectors, and thus help in planning, protection and execution of various coastal developmental programs. Wide zoogeographic distribution of Uca in tropical-subtropical sea coasts greatly enhances the application potential of this new ichnological tool. Fossilized biogenic mud volcanoes in post-Jurassic geologic records would ease taxonomic identification of the ancient trace producers and coastal marine palaeogeomorphic interpretations. 相似文献
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中国对虾体内1株益生菌的筛选与初步鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给对虾专用益生菌制剂的研制与应用提供理论依据和基础数据,研究了从白斑病毒(WSSV) 耐过中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)肠道中分离的1株海洋细菌B12的益生特性和安全性,并结合形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析对菌株B12进行了分类鉴定.结果表明:菌株B12能抑制对虾致病性哈维氏弧菌 (Vibrio harveyi)和副溶血弧菌(V. parahaemolyticus)的生长,不分泌溶血素.对β-内酰胺类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类抗生素均敏感;对大环内酯类、四环素类抗生素均耐药;对糖肽类抗生素中度敏感.毒性试验表明菌株B12对中国对虾幼体没有明显毒副作用.该菌为革兰氏阴性可动杆菌,鞭毛极生,菌体大小为(0.5~0.6)×(1.1~1.2) μm,接触酶、氧化酶阳性,葡萄糖发酵产酸,能还原硝酸盐,产淀粉酶,不产明胶酶,不能利用丙二酸.16S rDNA的部分序列分析显示菌株B12与嗜盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.)SB J85具有98.15%的相似性.形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析证实B12为嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas sp.). 相似文献
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文章以生态系统健康评价(EHA)为工具,利用2004-2013年以来闽东沿岸生态监控区的监测数据及相关文献资料,对闽东沿岸生态监控区的海洋生态健康状况进行分析评价,分析影响闽东沿岸生态监控区海洋生态健康的主要因子。结果表明:闽东沿岸生态监控区生态环境健康状况基本处亚健康状态,但有进一步恶化的风险,水环境中pH值、氮-磷营养盐含量呈明显上升的趋势;生物质量受到不同程度的污染,贝类体内铅含量显著上升;生物环境处于不健康状态,生物种类数呈减少的趋势。结合闽东沿岸生态监控区存在的问题提出:(1)加强污染物入海总量控制制度,推行节能减排措施;(2)加强生物质量控制,发展蓝色海洋经济;(3)休渔、生态补偿制度相结合,有效利用和保护海洋资源;(4)严格控制围填海工程,保护滩涂湿地;(5)加强海洋环境监测体系建设等建议。 相似文献
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当前海警机构在海上遂行任务时面临多种形式的海上安全威胁,除常规安全威胁外,以海上军事冲突威胁和海上恐怖主义威胁为代表的非常规安全威胁正使海警面临越发严峻的海上综合实战能力考验。文章通过对海警视域下海上安全威胁的综合分析,提出提升装备体系化建设水平、增强人员实战化训练效果和探索海警多能化发展模式等应对策略,以期为海警未来妥善应对各类海上安全威胁及风险挑战提供有益参考。 相似文献
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铜和锌是普遍存于对虾养殖池塘中的重金属污染物质,查明铜和锌在水环境中的迁移规律对有效防控养殖环境铜和锌污染以及对虾健康养殖具有重要意义。作者在不同铜和锌暴露时间下测定了条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)铜和锌富集富集率,研究了条纹小环藻铜和锌富集动力学,并探讨了温度、盐度和光照度对条纹小环藻铜和锌富集的影响。结果表明:条纹小环藻铜和锌富集过程分为快速、慢速和富集平衡3个阶段。快速富集在30 min内完成,富集率可达70%以上;慢速富集大约分别在4 h和6 h完成,富集率均可达90%;以后达到富集平衡。温度、盐度和光照度对条纹小环藻铜和锌富集有显著影响。条纹小环藻铜和锌富集的最适温度范围分别为25~35℃和15~35℃,盐度范围分别为20~35和25~30,光照度均为3000~7500 lx。条纹小环藻铜和锌富集的光饱和点为3000 lx。条纹小环藻在亚热带虾池中对铜和锌均具有较强的富集能力。 相似文献