基于虚拟现实技术的矿山三维建模、显示及漫游系统

介绍了虚拟现实技术建模、漫游的方法,并结合矿山的具体情况,建立了矿山三维模型,包括巷道和工业广场等三维实体建模,并实现了场景实时漫游系统的设计。     

Analysis of human spatial behavior in a GIS environment: Recent developments and future prospects

In recent years, comprehensive geographic data sets of metropolitan areas and individual-level, georeferenced data are becoming more available to social scientists. At the same time, tools for performing spatial analysis in a GIS environment have also become more available. These developments provide many new opportunities for the analysis and theoretical understanding of disaggregate human spatial behavior. This paper examines how these developments may enable the researcher to represent complex urban and cognitive environments more realistically, and to overcome the limitations of aggregate spatial data framework. It explores their implications for the theoretical and methodological development in geography and other social science disciplines.     

基于框架的时空对象模型研究

空间数据模型反映现实世界中空间实体及其相互间的联系,但现有G IS数据模型主要表达某一时刻的空间实体及其相互之间的联系,没有考虑表示空间实体的时空变化,本质上是非时态的,无法满足各种用户的需求。本文分析了G IS应用的过程本质,系统地研究了地理信息系统过程建模的概念和类型,讨论了过程模型中的地理时空概念、空间数据模型的研究现状和存在的问题,以空间系统理论为依据,提出了空间数据模型结构,设计了适于表达G IS过程模型的基于框架的时空对象数据模型,并探讨了空间对象的时态表示和处理操作。     

面向城市道路的多传感器融合定位导航技术

方便地获取高精度、高可靠的轨迹数据是交通、旅游等行业智能化发展的关键。鉴于此,本文设计一款集GPS、SINS和OBD于一体的多源车载组合导航系统来收集轨迹数据,提出数据融合的方法来弥补因传感器噪声导致的位置累积误差,并在GPS失锁时有效预测轨迹位置信息。此方法通过梯度提升与决策树相结合建立INS误差补偿模型,并引用粒子群算法优化模型的回归参数,可有效避免误差积累;再利用联邦滤波器实现GPS、SINS和OBD数据融合,提高了轨迹信息的准确性。实际道路测试证明,基于此方法的组合导航系统,在多种路况下可收集连续精准的轨迹数据。     

基于SINS／GPS的无人机组合导航系统建模与仿真

根据无人机的飞行特点以及SINS(捷联惯导)和GPS(全球定位系统)的优缺点,利用轨迹发生器设计无人机的飞行轨迹,建立基于SINS/GPS的无人机组合导航系统,依据卡尔曼滤波的相关原理对系统进行数学建模和计算仿真,验证无人机SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可靠性。     

GIS技能竞赛辅助“空间分析与建模”教学的探索与实践

本文在简介“空间分析与建模”教学概况的基础上,分析了高校进行“空间分析与建模”教学的教学目标,通过指导学生参加高校GIS技能竞赛,结合竞赛依托平台进行技能与技巧的培训和指导,并将参赛实践引入到“空间分析与建模”的课程教学中,使得教学与竞赛相结合,促进了“空间分析与建模”教学的改革,使该课程教学始终与全国性学生竞赛实践紧...     

GIS空间分析建模技术研究进展

本文分析总结国内外空间分析建模技术与方法的研究进展,指出紧密结合各行各业应用的专业特色,建立能支持深层次应用的空间分析模型,提供方便的建模工具已成为迫切需要解决的问题;探讨将工作流、形式语言、空间算子重载等技术相结合建立空间分析模型的方法。     

嵌入式GIS导航系统中快速偏航算法的设计与实现

诸如汽车拉力赛等特殊领域的车载导航系统中,需要在资源有限的嵌入式GIS平台上,满足地图快速刷新前提下实现偏航算法的实时性,为此本文改进了比较耗时的欧氏浮点距离计算公式,采用定点整型数描述空间位置,并用移位运算代替乘除计算.理论分析和测试结果表明,改进算法带来的相关误差符合导航需求,改进算法显著提高了一般偏航算法的实时性...     

汽车导航技术的现状与发展趋势

细致分析了汽车导航技术及产品在中国的发展现状,总结了当前汽车导航产业面临的主要问题,并对汽车导航技术及产品的发展进行了展望.     

空间辅助决策支持系统的应用模型及管理研究

应用建模是空间辅助决策支持系统有效管理和使用模型的基础。本文抽象了空间辅助决策应用模型的组成结构和建立过程,分析了空间辅助决策应用模型的特点;接着分基础空间模型库、基础非空间模型库、应用模型库、模型管理库四部分探讨了空间决策支持系统中应用模型的管理,最后给出了相应的建设性结果。     

基于ArcGIS for Android野外实习数据采集与导航系统的实现

针对传统野外数据采集技术手段落后、效率低下等问题,利用ArcGIS for Android移动开发技术,结合野外自然地理实习的实际情况,开发基于Android平台的野外实习数据采集与导航系统。该系统使用移动智能终端取代传统的纸笔记录,简化野外数据采集的流程,提高野外采集数据质量,解决数据采集实习过程中的效率问题,为野外实习提供便携的数据采集工具。     

惯导/双星定位组合导航方案与精度分析

分析了惯导／双星定位组合的可行性;针对惯导／双星定位组合导航在飞行器上应用存在的有关问题进行了讨论,提出了可能的对策。通过不同方案的比较分析,给出了较为实用的惯导／双星定位组合导航系统设计方案,并对组合的时机和组合导航的精度进行了仿真计算和结果分析。结果表明,采用按精度要求进行惯导／双星定位位置组合,可以在某种程度上弥补双星定位导航系统为有源系统的缺点,并具有较高的精度。     

对等导航服务网格平台的设计与实现

针对网格环境下导航地图数据的共享与管理问题,文章提出以多级分区空间索引目录结构为基础的对等导航服务网格体系结构:分析了对等导航服务网格平台实现的关键技术,并基于Globus Toolkit设计实现了对等导航应用服务网格实验平台,提供了全国范围的地图浏览、定位监控、路径分析等服务。实验结果表明该平台能为位置服务应用提供高效的服务。     

大气偏振模式图分布及仿生偏振导航技术

大气偏振效应不仅可应用于高分辨率定量遥感,其偏振场模式图还可作为偏振导航的信息源。大气偏振场模式图在不同时空与天气条件下对偏振传感器的导航精度有重要影响,天空偏振场图的精确获取与建模、测量精度与误差分析是研究的重要内容。本文从大气偏振模式图的分布和偏振导航传感器两方面介绍仿生偏振导航技术的研究进展。首先介绍瑞利散射理论、米氏散射理论和基于矢量传输方程的偏振模式图光场分布理论,总结了不同方法的适用范围;其次分别介绍日光和月光、陆地和海洋等不同时间、空间环境以及不同天气条件下的偏振模式图分布测试结果,并对比分析了理论仿真与测试结果的异同,同时又介绍了基于云解算的偏振模式图精度测试误差分析;最后通过介绍偏振导航传感器装置的发展历史和研究成果,指出偏振导航应用于组合导航中的广阔前景。目前,本课题组已研制的偏振光导航传感器室内精度可达0.1°,验证了天空偏振光场模式图的客观有效性,为高分辨率偏振遥感技术提供了技术证明。     

Galileo系统的特点分析

随着“全球定位系统(GPS)”在各个领域应用的不断深入，欧盟也认识到了拥有自身卫星导航系统的重要性，经过长时间的协调和争论，终于在2002年3月26日由欧盟各国交通部长正式签署协议开始建设欧洲自己的卫星无线电导航系统-Galileo系统。我国在Galileo系统谈判阶段就开始与欧盟接触，寻求未来在Galileo系统上与欧洲相关的技术协作和系统共享，目前已经达成初步协议，并于2003年9月18日在北京成立了“中欧卫星导航系统培训与合作中心”。对该系统的总体设计思路、系统特点以及相关技术进行了分析。     

Integrating remote sensing and GIS techniques for monitoring and modeling shoreline evolution to support coastal risk management

The precise delineation of coastal areas subject to past, present, and future erosive processes plays a fundamental role in coastal risk management. Within this framework, satellite data represent a valuable synoptic and multi-temporal information source. Therefore, this research integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques for mapping and modeling shoreline evolution through time. Long-term shoreline’s proxy rates of advance and retreat were determined using Landsat data from the mid-1980s to 2011 and subsequently, a short-term scenario (3 years) was predicted and validated. Two different coastal environments, Oceanic and Mediterranean, were investigated. In the first, different proxies were analyzed, thereby enabling a multi-proxy analysis. Findings showed that the method provided more accurate results in higher energy environments (Oceanic) and where the coastline is not urbanized. Results also highlighted the importance of performing multi-proxy analyses in given study areas, to more reliably define shoreline modeling. Importantly, during the analyses, particular attention was given to assessing uncertainty, which is crucial when outcomes of scientific research are considered for management.     

原子干涉技术及其在水下导航中的应用

原子干涉测量技术可以获得极高的惯性测量精度。本文简要介绍了原子干涉仪的工作原理,在此基础上介绍了其在重力匹配辅助导航技术的原理与应用,同时设计了一种重力梯度匹配导航的结构与算法原理,指出原子干涉惯性导航技术具有高精度、高效率、无需外部信息校正的无源导航等优点,可最终解决水下潜器长时间的自主导航需求。     

伽利略计划及其对海洋工程的影响

简要介绍了伽利略计划的由来、发展以及服务方式，根据我国目前海洋工程发展的现状，分析伽利略计划对我国海洋工程的影响。     

Characterization and spatial modeling of urban sprawl in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China

Urban sprawl has led to environmental problems and large losses of arable land in China. In this study, we monitor and model urban sprawl by means of a combination of remote sensing, geographical information system and spatial statistics. We use time-series data to explore the potential socio-economic driving forces behind urban sprawl, and spatial models in different scenarios to explore the spatio-temporal interactions. The methodology is applied to the city of Wuhan, China, for the period from 1990 to 2013. The results reveal that the built-up land has expanded and has dispersed in urban clusters. Population growth, and economic and transportation development are still the main causes of urban sprawl; however, when they have developed to certain levels, the area affected by construction in urban areas (Jian Cheng Qu (JCQ)) and the area of cultivated land (ACL) tend to be stable. Spatial regression models are shown to be superior to the traditional models. The interaction among districts with the same administrative status is stronger than if one of those neighbors is in the city center and the other in the suburban area. The expansion of urban built-up land is driven by the socio-economic development at the same period, and greatly influenced by its spatio-temporal neighbors. We conclude that the integration of remote sensing, a geographical information system, and spatial statistics offers an excellent opportunity to explore the spatio-temporal variation and interactions among the districts in the sprawling metropolitan areas. Relevant regulations to control the urban sprawl process are suggested accordingly.     

TRANSIT: a GIS toolbox for estimating the duration of ancient sail-powered navigation

Cost-surface analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment has been less frequently used in the study of ancient sail navigation than in other studies of the human past. Navigation cost-surface analysis entails the use of GIS tools that are versatile but not very easy to grasp and to put to work. This article describes an ArcGIS toolbox built to facilitate cost-surface analysis of ancient sail navigation. It estimates the navigation time from a start location, considering parameters relevant for the generation of an accumulated anisotropic cost-surface, automating the complex workflow required to meaningfully pre- and post-process the data. Acknowledging the limitations inherent to the tool, and to the modeling of a complex matter such as sail navigation, the toolbox is first described and then used in a worked example. Historically recorded voyages in the Mediterranean during classical antiquity are compared to estimated durations generated by the toolbox. In spite of structural and expected limitations, the results indicate that the proposed toolbox may produce reasonable estimates. These should be thought of as values gravitating around, not matching, likely past durations. The estimated values may prove useful as an indication of the order of magnitude of past voyages’ duration, and as frame of reference in measuring ancient maritime space through time.