山区森林条件下疏松沉积物的厚度对放射性异常参数的影响

现在提出了利用不同的参数来定量评价放射性异常的远景。这些参数有:测到的γ放射性的极大值,晕的含矿性和放射性异常的延拓。在所有的情况下,评价的可靠性取决于在代表性层面上进行的普查工作的可靠性。确定代表性层位埋深的一个因素是疏松沉积层的厚度。在山区森林的分水岭和山坡地区,疏松层的厚度一般为0.5至5.0米。由于所研究的各种山区森林的地形占有的面积为总面积的30—70%,所以评价疏松沉积物的厚度对用放射性测量γ     

盐矿物的红外吸收光谱

红外吸收光谱是各种化合物的最重要的特征。根据化合物的红外吸收光谱,研究各种物质的结构和成分,已是重要的现代方法之一。随着仪器的不断改进和样品制备技术的日益完善,红外光谱在矿物学研究的应用上日趋广泛。不同的矿物有着不同的红外吸收光谱。单个矿物红外光谱的唯一性是鉴定矿物的主要依据。在光谱的红外区域被矿物吸收的射线的波长与晶体中分子或原子间的振动有关。     

一种TOC分析中的特殊技术——VITA的介绍

在热催化高温燃烧TOC分析中，我们所面临的最棘手的问题是如何避免气体流速的波动对检测结果的影响。而影响气体的流速有下列因素：①由于高温燃烧，短时间所产生的气体的快速蒸发；②由于样品基体的不同，所产生的流速的变化；③由于管路上堵塞所引起的流速的变化；④催化剂形状的变化，所引起的流速的变化。     

整体下水道修复的有效措施

本文的目的是提供介绍减少降雨派生的渗漏和流入的努力有效评估方法及目前的一些修复项目的结果。方法的解释是为那些准备和考虑对于修复结果的流量数据进行评估的人作为一个引物。方法的讨论范围从基本的线综述到风暴数据的评估及控件的使用。成为修复计划或是考虑实际工程的应用及他们的并发症。结果来源于被呈现的降雨派生的渗漏和流入的峰值的缩减范围从14％到61％及降雨派生的渗漏和流入的体积缩减范围从42％到70％的7个修复项目和阶段。     

含不同半径孔洞的颗粒体模型的力学行为数值模拟

本文通过编程建立了非连续介质(颗粒体材料)模型,采用FLAC软件模拟了静水压力条件下不同半径的巷道围岩中的剪切应变增量、最小主应力及最大主应力的分布规律。研究表明,随着孔洞半径的增大,呈圆环形的剪切应变增量与最小主应力的高值区的圈数、呈辐射状的最大主应力的高值区的延伸范围及剪切应变增量的最大值都呈先慢后快的增长趋势。模型中最大的拉应力接近于在模型四周所施加的压应力,而最大的压应力约为所施加的压应力的5～10倍。模型内部的剪切应变增量、最小主应力及最大主应力的分布是高度不均匀的。具有较高的差应力的位置与具有较高的剪切应变增量的位置具有很好的一致性。     

试论矿田断裂地球化学

构造地球化学这株刚萌芽的幼苗正以其强大的生命力引起国内外地质工作者的重视.构造地质学是研究地壳运动规律的科学;地球化学则是研究组成地壳的化学元素——原子运动规律的科学.十分明显,这种宏观的岩块、地块的运动与组成它们的基本单位——原子的微观世界的运动之间必然存在着密切的内在联系.我们可以看到,世上的超基性岩都沿深断裂带分布;火山岩都出现在地壳的某些活动区;与岩浆活动有关的内生金属矿产大多和地壳一定的构造带息息相关,如智利、赞比亚和乌拉尔的铜矿带和我国南岭的稀有-有色金属矿带部是引人注目的例子.即使在一个矿床的形成过程中,不同的构造阶段亦常有不同的元素富集,而且这种构造-岩浆-矿液的发展演化往往具有十分明显的规律性.这些现象并非偶然的巧     

新世纪地球科学视野中的新技术和新方法(代序)

从科学发展战略的角度 ,讨论了新技术、新方法在地球科学中的应用。新世纪的地球科学在新技术、新方法的应用方面呈现出鲜明的时代特色 ,即观测范围的扩大与观测能力的增强 ,多学科观测的海量数据的积累与地球观测系统的整合 ,不断增强的挑战非线性复杂地球系统中的预测问题的能力。特别是 ,作为地球观测系统的整合的“数字地球”和作为地球过程的模拟工具的高效并行计算 ,将在地球系统科学的发展中发挥重要作用。从方法论的角度 ,文中特别指出 ,只有掌握新技术、新方法的人对新技术、新方法有正确的理解 ,并具有创新性的思维 ,新技术、新方法才能发挥其应有的效能。     

卡森泥浆力学的研究进展

泥浆的流动特性是泥浆的重要性质之一。它直接影响着循环的压力和泵的功率消耗，岩屑的携带和井内的清洁，地层压力的平衡和控制，钻头水马力的有效利用，井径的扩大或缩小，进而导致井内的复杂化、周期的延长和成本的升高。正如其他流体一样，要对泥浆的水力学行为进行研究，也必须首先搞清其基础力学性质，即在一定的外力作用下，流体是怎样发生变形和运动的。流体的这一应力与应变的关系，称为流变行为，而研究流体的流变行为的学科，称为流变学。不同的流体，可能     

稀有金属的高温钠质交代岩及其形成条件

探讨稀有金属的高温钠质交代岩形成时特定的构造条件积物理-化学特征。深成型的构造要素——变余压碎岩和变余糜棱岩——控制着具有同生的细粒浸染矿化的交代岩体的构造。岩石变形的程度,决定着高温的(650～600℃以上)携带钠的热液流的渗透作用的速度,控制着钠的浓度梯度的形成和交代分带性的扩散-渗透型的形成。     

信息价值论初探：关于矿产资源价值的理论思考

信息价值论认为,凝结着人类劳动知识信息的自然资源、矿产资源是价值的有,人类的生产和消费活动既不能创造物质,也不能消灭物质,只是生产和消费信息的有序性,产品的价值是由产品信息的有序性决定的。而不是由投入的活劳动和物化劳动量决定的。产品的价格是由买卖双方共同认定的信息的有序性来决定。市场中价格背离价值的现象是因买卖双方占有信息的不对称所造成的。生产要素价值的本质是收入分配,以土地为代表的自然资源资本之     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861