高铁运行引起的高架桥群桩基础地面振动衰减分析

采用多质点弹簧-阻尼模型模拟列车,将板式轨道运动学方程引入到桥梁模型中,推导了桥梁振动半解析模型,结合群桩基础模型,建立了列车-轨道-桥梁-桥墩-群桩基础半解析耦合模型。基于傅里叶变换和频域内弹性半空间Green函数求得高铁高架桥群桩基础地面波动场,研究了上软下硬和上硬下软地基环境振动规律,分析了桩径、桩长对地面振动衰减的影响。结果表明:车速较低时,轨道中心处上硬下软地层比上软下硬地层振动大;上软下硬地层,车速较高时因接近表层软土剪切波速而增大地面振动,故应避免车速接近表层土的剪切波速;群桩基础地面振动随桩长和桩径增大而增大,且车速越大地面振动增速越快;桩体具有好的减振效果,群桩范围内地面振动由于几何阻尼和桩体散射作用迅速衰减,且桩径越大振动衰减速度越快,但受桩长影响较小;群桩基础外上硬下软地层比上软下硬地层的地面振动幅度小,表明上硬下软地层减振效果好;合理设计桩基可控制轨道中心处地面振动,并能有效降低高架桥远处的环境振动。     

CFG桩复合地基褥垫层三维弹塑性分析

在CFG桩复合地基中, 褥垫层的设置厚度和模量对于复合地基的承载及变形特性有较大的影响。本文建立了CFG桩复合地基的三维弹塑性数值分析模型,研究了当采用不同厚度和模量的褥垫层时,复合地基沉降、桩端沉降、褥垫层压缩量和桩土应力等参数的变化规律。结果表明复合地基沉降和褥垫层压缩量随着垫层厚度的增加而增大,而随着垫层模量的增大而减小;垫层厚度和模量的变化对于桩端沉降的影响较小,从工程角度可认为桩端沉降不随垫层厚度与垫层模量的变化而变化;桩土应力比随垫层厚度的增大而减小,随垫层模量的增大而增大。本文建立的分析模型还可进一步对CFG桩复合地基的其他参数进行相应的分析计算,分析结果可以为复合地基的设计和施工提供相应的理论依据。     

砂土边坡深埋桩变形破坏的三维数值分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元,对砂土斜坡上刚性深埋桩水平载荷时的变形破坏进行了解析.在有限元解析中,考虑了砂土材料的低抗拉特点.结果表明,有限元计算所得到的桩基水平荷载与水平位移关系与现场实测值基本一致.此外,还利用三维有限元的解析结果,对深埋桩基随深度方向的土压与位移分布以及受压、受拉破坏的渐进性状态进行了合理的分析.     

公伯峡电站进水口5＃坝段坝基三维抗滑稳定分析

针对黄河公伯峡水电站工程进水口5#坝段坝基稳定问题,根据断层切割情况,建立了三维极限平衡计算模型,推导了楔形体三维抗滑稳定计算公式,计算了不同工况条件下的抗滑稳定安全系数,计算结果表明其抗滑稳定满足规范要求。     

拱坝坝基加固的三维数值模拟

天然的坝基中总是存在不同程度的地质缺陷,坝基的加固处理是大坝建设的重要内容.应用三维有限元数值模拟方法,采用模拟岩石体渐进破坏过程的超载法和强度折减法,对含软弱夹层的拱坝坝基在加固前后的安全度给出了定量的结果,对加固措施的效果作出了定量的评价,并根据计算对比分析对加固设计进行细部优化,使其达到最佳效果,可为坝基加固处理设计提供直接依据.研究表明,通过采用有限元数值模拟方法,对坝基岩石体的安全性可以定量地做出评价,具有明显的优越性.     

地基土沉降对复合地基影响的三维数值模拟

通过对复合地基在正常使用条件下和地基土沉降后的三维数值模拟,研究了复合地基由地下水位下降引起的地基土沉陷后的沉降、桩体摩阻力分布和桩身轴力分布的变化。分析表明：随着地基土沉降的增加,加固桩体和基础的沉降加大,中性点位置逐渐下降,桩身轴力有所增大;在加强桩中,中心桩的中性点最低,边桩次之,角桩最高;随着地基土沉降的增加,各桩中性点位置差异逐渐减小,桩体上部负摩阻力作用的桩身长度更长,负摩阻力值逐渐增大。     

Failure analysis of the granite for a dam foundation

This paper presents the numerical and experimental investigation of a dam foundation. The site consists of granite and especially weathered granite. Numerical and analytical analyses have been conducted to evaluate suitability of the granite for a dam foundation. Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion has been used to calculate the compressive strength of the rock mass. Finite element implementation of Mohr–Coulomb criterion has been used for deformation and settlement analysis. Packer testing and in-situ estimation of rock mass deformability using the Goodman jack have been performed. The results of the evaluations show that very small normal and differential settlements can be expected in structural regions due to dam construction, and the compacted concrete dam can safely be constructed on either the competent granite or the weathered granite. However, the dam foundation on the weathered granite has high conductivity potential problems for the reservoir.     

盾构地铁隧道区间在地震作用下的三维动力时程响应分析

地铁已成为城市地下空间结构和轨道交通网络的重要组成部分。为预估和降低地震灾害的影响,以西安盾构地铁区间隧道为例,建立了地铁隧道区间三维计算模型,进行三维抗震时程响应分析。采用粘弹性局部人工边界模拟地基结构的半无限性,利用不同超越概率水平下的地震动参数作为参考,考虑相位随机性影响,拟合地震动时程样本,建立了地基与结构相互作用的三维有限元模型。计算结果表明,地震发生时,顶部、底面、侧面、以及联络通道处虽产生变形影响,但均在规范规定范围内;位移时程曲线、位移分布云图、拉压应力云图清楚显示区间结构在地震持续时的抗震情况,数据表明结构最不利位置在联络通道处,而内力和变形均满足规范安全要求。     

Probabilistic foundation stability analysis

A probabilistic model for stability analysis of a deepwater gravity-based platform foundation is defined, based on theory for wave loading in conjunction with conventional slip surface considerations. The model accounts for uncertainties in loading as well as in soil properties, and model uncertainties are also considered. The model is updated through in-service measurements of some of the governing variables, and measurement uncertainties are included. The practical application of the model is illustrated by presentation of calculations for a typical foundation. Probability calculations are performed by first-order reliability methods.     

Three-dimensional analysis of hydraulic fracturing

The formulation, development, implementation and application of a complete three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator, 3DHFRAC, is described. The simulator consists of two principal components: the first represents the solid deformation, crack opening and propagation, using a surface integral scheme, hybridised with finite-elements as needed, and a condition of critical stress-intensity-factor or energy-release-rate to track the motion of the fracture perimeter; the second captures the fluid flow along the open fracture, and into the reservoir. The simulator has been tested extensively by comparison to analytical results, simpler models and laboratory experiments for which good agreement is obtained. It is finally used to study the general growth of 3-D fracture propagation under different fluid and reservoir conditions.     

厦门某厂人工挖孔桩质量事故分析

通过静载、钻芯等测试手段对一个人工挖孔桩的桩基工程质量事故进行分析,找出造成质量事故的原因,提出桩基工程中应注意的问题。     

Three-dimensional stability analysis of a longitudinally inclined shallow tunnel face

The tunnel inclination angle (δ) generally exists in urban and cross-river (sea) tunnels; hence, its effect should be considered in the stability analysis of a tunnel face. However, the influence of this tunnel inclination angle is rarely studied. In this paper, considering the effects of the tunnel inclination angle and the tunneling length (L), the optimal upper-bound solutions of the active and passive failure pressures were obtained using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) based on the upper-bound limit analysis. The effects of the dimensionless parameters on the pressures and failure modes were investigated. The results show that the tunnel inclination angle δ and the dimensionless parameter L/D (D is the section diameter of the tunnel) significantly affect active and passive stabilities. The difference in the results between δ = −10° and δ = 10° is mostly greater than 10% and reaches 80% when the internal friction angle (φ) is large. When the value of δ is zero, L/D does not affect on the result. The maximum difference in the results between L/D = 0 and L/D = 5 are 92.5% (passive failure) and 36.3% (active failure). For the active failure mode, with increasing of φ, the curves, which have δ values of −10°, 0° and 10°, intersect at a particular point when φ reaches a specific value.     

武汉某基坑喷锚网支护稳定性分析

本文介绍了武汉某基坑工程成功采用喷锚网支护的实例.文章以基坑的Ⅶ区为例,对内部和外部稳定性进行了验算,在内部整体稳定性验算中采用了圆弧瑞典条分法,可得整体稳定性安全系数为8.9;各锚杆的抗拔安全系数分别为5.40、2.57、1.55;在外部稳定性分析中,抗滑动稳定安全系数为1.4,抗倾覆安全系数为12.3,安全性均满足要求.验算结果证明采用该支护方式可以确保基坑在开挖过程中的安全性,该工程的成功经验对武汉地区深基坑开挖支护与施工等具有一定的参考价值.     

条形基础极限承载力数值分析

根据塑性力学滑移线理论,推导了条形地基在极限平衡状态下的平衡微分方程,然后利用有限差分法推出地基土在极限状态时的有限差分公式,结合边界条件编制出地基承载力计算程序,该程序求解条形地基极限状态下的滑移线区域及相应的地基极限承载力值时可以考虑基础埋深、地基土重度、土的内摩擦角、基础与地基摩擦等参数。利用程序,得到了土的内摩擦角与地基承载力系数N? 的对应表,并全面讨论了基础埋深、地基土重度、内摩擦角及基础与地基摩擦角等参数对地基承载力和滑移线形状的影响,得到了一些有意义的结论。     

土质边坡三维可靠度分析

基于空间随机场理论,利用局部平均法研究空间各向异性的土坡的可靠度问题,推导出相应计算公式,并通过计算边坡的最大破坏概率来进行滑坡的空间预测。     

Three-dimensional reliability analysis of earth slopes

Reliability of cohesive soil slopes is assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) probabilistic stability analysis algorithm. Spatial variability of soil properties is represented by an anisotropic random field. Parametric studies are performed for a typical earth structure. The influence of the model parameters, including expected value, variance and correlation distance of soil shear strength, on the reliability associated to particular failure mechanisms is evaluated. The effect on reliability of the dimensions and shape of potential slip surfaces for a given random field is also assessed. It is shown that the mechanisms that contribute most significantly to global probability of failure of the slope may be quite different from those identified as critical by standard deterministic evaluations assuming soil homogeneity. Some practical implications of this fact are discussed.     

Three-dimensional FE analysis of a nailed soil wall curved in plan

A nailed soil wall curved in plan was modelled in three-dimensions by the finite element method for construction, service and ultimate loading conditions. The behaviour of the nailed soil wall, the soil–nail interaction, the role of the reinforcement, and the overall and internal failure mechanisms were investigated. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下连续墙施工力学机理三维数值分析

采用三维有限差分方法,模拟了地下连续墙成槽开挖及混凝土浇筑施工全过程,研究了连续墙槽段外围土层在地下连续墙施工过程中的应力状态与变形形态,并将计算结果和现场实测结果进行比较。结果表明,数值计算应力结果与实测结果规律基本一致,但槽段底部数值计算应力变化梯度比实测值略大,采用该计算方法模拟地下连续墙施工全过程具有一定的可行性和较强的可靠性。     

A probabilistic analysis of foundation settlements

This paper deals with a settlement analysis of shallow foundations resting on a layered subsoil. Three basic sources of randomness are discussed: random shape of the subsoil (location of an interface between two strata), random material parameters and random loads. The numerical analysis is based on the finite element method coupled with stochastic versions of the perturbation and the Neumann expansion methods. Both methods lead to a simple evaluation of the response variability in terms of the mean value and the covariance matrix for foundation settlements. More sophisticated analyses introduce the probability of failure as a measure of safety. In this context, failure means either exceeding the bearing capacity or exceeding allowable displacements. The probability of failure is usually evaluated by means of FEM-oriented gradient algorithms or some versions of the Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Numerical examples are presented for a raft foundation resting on an elastic subsoil. The obtained results compare the scale of random fluctuations of soil properties or loading with the scale of foundation settlement fluctuations.     

Probabilistic comparative analysis between design rules of a shallow foundation safety

ABSTRACT

A fact that is generally overlooked in many geotechnical uncertainty analyses is that input data of the model may be correlated. While this correlation may influence the system response, epistemic uncertainties i.e. lack of knowledge of this correlation appears as a risk factor. This paper discusses how a negative correlation between cohesion (c’) and friction angle (Ø’) with their associated uncertainties can influence both the bearing resistance of a shallow strip foundation footing and the estimation of its safety. A probabilistic approach that considers both the negative correlation and the uncertainty is used in this work as a reference. This method is compared to Eurocode 7 variants that do not for the correlation. These variants, resistance and material factoring methods appears to be more or less conservative depending on the negative correlation degree between (c’–Ø), their associated uncertainties and soil configurations. Finally, the proposed probabilistic comparison shows that the material factoring method is more conservative than the resistance one.