Estimation of the sequence and size of the Tozawagawa landslide,Niigata, Japan,using aerial photographs

On 5 January 2000, a landslide occurred along the right flank of the upper tributary of the Tozawagawa River in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The landslide blocked the river and formed a temporary lake approximately 670 m long and 11 m deep. In this report, we estimated a time series of aerial photographs from 1947, 1976, 2000, and 2001 to describe the sequences of the landslide. There are some indications that the landslide is a reactivation of an old failure that occurred before 1947. In addition, we have attempted to calculate the scale and volume by aerial photogrammetry.     

The geological photographs of the BAAS

Several thousand geological photographs collected by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), some dating back well over 120 years, have recently been deposited with the national geological records held by the British Geological Survey at Keyworth.     

粉质黏土图像的纹理特征分析

粉质黏土通常为絮状结构, 难以使用肉眼直接判别出颗粒的形状和大小。将现场拍摄得到的粉质黏土彩色图像转化为灰度图像,得到了灰度图像灰度直方图的6个纹理特征参数（均值、方差、平滑度、3阶矩、能量、熵）。在建立灰度共生矩阵的基础上,得到了像素平面分布关系的5个纹理特征参数（角2阶矩、对比度、相关度、逆差矩、熵）。对这些纹理特征参数与粉质黏土传统工程性质指标进行了多元线性回归分析,得到了相应回归方程。结果表明,粉质黏土图像的纹理特征参数与传统工程性质具有较好的对应关系,可以用于快速确定粉质黏土的工程性质指标,对软土地区岩土工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Variation in pyrite size, form, and microlithotype association in the springfield (no. 9) and herrin (no. 11) coals, Western Kentucky

Channel samples of the Springfield (No. 9) and Herrin (No. 11) (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian/Westphalian D) coals were acquired in three mines each in the Western Kentucky coal field. Pyrite was characterized petrographically in terms of its size, form, and microlithotype association. Within each coal seam significant variations in the amount of pyrite of certain forms occurred between the sites. Pyritic sulfur as determined chemically did not exhibit significant variation between the seams or between the sites. The variation in dendritic pyrite in vitrite plus clarite between seams and between sites was highly significant and the variation in framboidal pyrite in vitrite plus clarite between sites was also highly significant.