浙江省观赏石资源优势分析

观赏石,是指在自然界中形成的、可采集移动的。且具有观赏价值、收藏价值、科学价值和经济价值的石体;它蕴含着自然的奥秘和人文积淀,并以天然的美观性、奇特性和稀有性为其特征。我国幅员辽阔。地质构造活动和岩石分布纷繁复杂,观赏石资源丰富,全国各地命名的石种不下千余。中国观赏石协会综合各地石种类型,归并划分为造型石、图纹石、矿物晶体、化石四大类型：既引入了国外关注的具有科学价值与自然美的矿物晶体和化石类石种,又将我国传统的造型石、图纹石类观赏石推向了世界,用中国的赏石文化推动世界石文化的发展。     

观赏石鉴评（二）——观赏石形、色、质、纹、韵鉴评实践

随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对文化精神生活的追求和品位也越来越高,赏石便成了人们精神文明建设中日益增长的一种文化需求。 观赏石的鉴赏,是人们对观赏石形象的感受、理解和评判的过程,是由感性认识到理性认识,再由理性认识到感性认识不断循环认识的过程。为了帮助人们提高对观赏石的鉴赏能力,本刊特别策划了观赏石鉴评系列讲座,特邀中国宝石协会常务理事、广西观赏石协会会长张士中先生就如何进行观赏石鉴评作一讲解。该讲座根据观赏石的分类分为造型石类鉴评、图纹石类鉴评、矿物类鉴评3个系列,本刊将分别于2009年第3期至第5期陆续刊登。     

广西平桂地区观赏石简介

观赏石又称石玩、雅石、珍石、欣赏石等，泛指天然形成的，具有观赏、玩味、陈列和收藏价值的各种石质艺术品。广西平桂地区观赏石大致分为矿物观赏石、岩石观赏石和化石观赏石三类。矿物观赏石又分为单晶和晶簇两类，其晶簇再细分为单矿物晶簇和多种矿物组成的晶簇。     

广西观赏石资源及其开发前景

广西观赏石资源丰富，品种繁多，按观赏石产出的地质背景，形态特征及所含意义等特点将区内观赏石划分为６种类型，即造型石类，纹理石类，矿物晶体类，古生物化石类，事件石类，纪念石类，不同类型各具特色，具有广阔的开发前景，在观赏石贸易中注意保护资源，合理评估品级和价值，努力与国际接轨，不断提高广西的石文化水平。     

广西观赏石开发利用前景

石文化作为一种文化现象是华夏文化的重要内容，观赏石具有较高的收藏价值及商品经济价值。广西观赏石资源丰富，品种繁多，有较好的利用前景。根据观赏石的形态特征、产出地质条件划盼为造形石类，纹理石类，矿物晶体类，古生物化石类、特殊石类等，各类观赏石其形成地质环境各异，在大自然的雕塑下展现出的欣赏价值各放异彩。在商品经济中具有较大的潜力及较高收藏欣赏价值。     

谈山东观赏石资源现状及分类

山东观赏石资源十分丰富,种类多,造型美,品相佳。自古山东为观赏石大省,具有深邃的齐鲁石文化积淀。文中对山东观赏石分类,并着重论述了泰山石奇石、琅砑石、临朐石等30多种观赏石的机理及特征。对观赏石的研究与开发,领先的奇石文化市场,必然对山东经济发展具添砖增瓦意义,山东石文化将在发展中谱写出新的篇章。     

安徽省观赏石资源的分布及合理开发利用

在调查研究的基础上,论述了安徽省灵壁石、太湖石、景纹石、昌源石、腊石、青石、山花石资源的分布及其产出的地质条件,并对各石种的品质及特征进行了概述,同时,对安徽省观赏石资源开发利用现状进行分析,指出观赏石资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,并对安徽省观赏石开发利用前景进行论证,认为其开发利用前景喜人。     

陕西省观赏石资源的分类

陕西省观赏石资源分为单矿物玉石类、岩石玉类、卵石与水冲石及古生物化石四大类。著名的观赏石有水晶、萤石、绿松石、五彩石、芙蓉石、商洛翠玉、粉翠、菊花石、蓝田玉、洛南翠、黄陵石、磬玉石、墨玉、汉江石、秦岭石、泾河石、洛河源头石、陕西省黄河石、嘉陵江石及古生物化石等。     

江苏独有的观赏石——溧阳石

江苏地质科技人员1985年发现和命名的观赏石新品种——溧阳石，是一种主要由颗粒极细的叶蜡石矿物集合体组成的岩石，颜色丰富多彩，主要有红、黄、褐、灰、白等色，有时具紫、蓝、绿等色。溧阳石中常含杂质或蚀变的角砾。杂质和角砾经过多次蚀变后，形成千姿百态，五彩缤纷的观赏石。     

临朐县“中国观赏石之乡”隆重揭牌

4月22日,临朐县隆重举行“中国观赏石之乡”揭牌仪式。中国观赏石协会常务副秘书长邱沛姑,山东省观赏石协会常务副会长、秘书长郭凤喜,潍坊市政协副主席杨肖青,市国土资源局副局长刘殿平等领导出席仪式。来自首批“中国观赏石之乡”广西大化、贵州兴义、安徽灵壁和辽宁义县等地的党政领导也参加了揭牌仪式。该县观赏石协会为配合揭牌活动,同时在临朐奇石馆举办了“2008携手奥运·临朐观赏石精品展览会”。     

Mineral resources for a new town

Of all the materials required for construction of a new town, the only one that must be obtained locally is aggregate for concrete. Very large tonnages of sand and gravel, or crushed stone, will be needed. Their production must be planned for from the beginning, to avoid the conflicts in land use that have long plagued older communities that undergo expansion. Production of sand, gravel, and stone is now disallowed by zoning in most major urban corridors in the U.S.A., making it necessary to bring these materials from a distance, at higher costs than formerly. Yet some success has been achieved in fitting the aggregates industry into the urban picture. Two examples are cited, involving production of stone in New Jersey and gravel in southern California. Where planning is done from the start, areas of occurrence of sand, gravel, or good-quality stone must be set aside for extractive industry. It is the geologiest's responsibility to provide information on locality of occurrence, tonnage present, thickness of overburden, best way to exploit the deposit with minimum environmental effect, and feasible use of the area after it has been worked out. The possibility of obtaining stone from below ground should also be evaluated. Only by such advance planning, with geological input, can conflicts in land use and excessive cost of construction aggregate be avoided.     

Exposing drying patterns: using electrical resistivity tomography to monitor capillary rise in sandstone under varying drying conditions

Rising damp and other moisture movements through porous stone and rock are known to cause weathering and deterioration, as noted in a range of recent field and laboratory studies. However, relatively little is known about the behaviour of moisture within a porous stone under realistic conditions because of lack of suitable monitoring methods. This paper has two main aims: firstly, to evaluate different electrical (resistivity and capacitance) methods to monitor subsurface and surface moisture regimes and, secondly, to use these methods to monitor the movement of water by capillary rise in a sandstone block under (a) conditions of constant moisture ingress at the base and (b) an enhanced drying regime with and without constant moisture ingress at the base. Our results indicate that, for electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurements on a sandstone block, medical electrodes provide more reliable contact with the stone than spring-loaded pointed metal electrodes, and that the combination of ERT and handheld moisture meters gives a realistic picture of moisture movements within the block. The capillary rise and drying experiments reveal complex moisture movement over time and space. Under conditions of constant moisture supply, accelerated drying results in maintained or enhanced capillary rise. These findings are presented to further our understanding of the behaviour of moisture within porous sandstone.     

包裹碎石桩承载特性试验研究

为了研究包裹碎石桩的承载机制,开展了室内模型试验,对不同套筒长度和刚度的包裹碎石桩承载力、端阻力、变形和破坏情况等进行了分析。试验中利用自制的桩体径向变形测量仪监测了桩体的径向变形情况。试验结果表明：当桩体支承在坚硬土层时,全长包裹碎石桩有效提高碎石桩的承载力和刚度,且采用弹性模量较大的土工材料套筒,包裹碎石桩的极限承载力和刚度也较大,部分包裹碎石桩（包裹长度为0.6倍桩长）相对于碎石桩优势不明显。这是因为部分包裹碎石桩和全长包裹的承载特性、变形特点和破坏模式均存在差异。全长包裹碎石桩传递至桩底端的荷载大于部分包裹碎石桩和碎石桩的。与部分包裹碎石桩和碎石桩比较,全长包裹碎石桩桩身变形分布较为均匀,同一应力作用下,桩身最大径向变形量较小。此外,全长包裹碎石桩刺入顶部褥垫层发生破坏,而部分包裹碎石桩发生鼓胀破坏。     

Effects of small‐scale prehistoric runoff agriculture on soil fertility: The developing picture from upland terraces in the American Southwest

Prehistoric stone alignments and their associated terraces are common in upland ecozones of the American Southwest. These features are generally considered the archaeological consequences of “runoff agriculture” dedicated to domesticated‐plant production. Furthermore, researchers have theorized that such production decreased soil fertility and ultimately promoted abandonment of the alignments, terraces, and surrounding landscapes. Recent investigations show that cultivated Mollisols indeed have less organic matter and less available P, and elevated pH, as well as several textural changes. In contrast, cultivated Aridisols have elevated CaCO₃, available Ca, and cation‐exchange capacity, as well as no textural changes. The developing picture, however, is that small‐scale runoff agriculture has had largely benign effects on soil fertility and that anthropogenic terraces likely were abandoned for reasons unrelated to their productivity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

寿山石的矿物学研究

寿山石是我国最负盛名的图章石。其矿物成分,最早人们认为是叶蜡石,近年来认为主要是迪开石、珍珠石。作者在寿山村的野外工作基础上,应用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、化学全分析和电子顺磁共振等方法,重点对产于寿山溪周围的寿山石进行了矿物岩石学方面的研究。Ｘ射线衍射和红外光谱证实,寿山溪南侧和北侧的寿山石均是以迪开石等高岭石族矿物为主,而西侧的旗山则是以叶蜡石为主。研究表明,寿山石的外观特征与迪开石的有序度密度有     

花江喀斯特峡谷地区不同小生境土壤水分的动态研究

对花江流域喀斯特石质山地人工造林地不同小生境（土面、石槽、石沟）的土壤物理性质和土壤水分动态变化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:石沟的水分状况最好,土面的居中,石槽的最差;一年中不同小生境出现高墒期、低墒期的时段不一致;不同小生境水分胁迫频繁发生,但出现的次数、程度、持续时间各不相同;在持续干旱期,三种小生境中,失水最快的是石槽,其次是石沟,最后是土面,7天内损失水量分别为17．30％,14．49％,13．87％;土面、石槽、石沟出现轻度胁迫的时间分别为6d、6d、7d,土面、石槽在7天后出现中度胁迫。花江喀斯特峡谷地区不同小生境一般持续放晴7天就可能出现水分胁迫,这个数据可以作为生产上植物补水时间的依据。总体而言,石沟的土壤水分状况优于土面和石槽。针对不同小生境的水分动态特征,提出了树种选择、配置和林地土壤水分管理的建议。      

Stone preservation with illustrative examples from the United Kingdom

Interest in the preservation of rapidly decaying monuments, especially in urban areas, has increased appreciably over the last three decades. A stone preservative can be defined as a chemical treatment, which, when applied to stone, combats the harmful effects of time and environment, thereby prolonging the life of a stone by either restoring its physical integrity or by inhibiting its decay. Any preservative applied to stone must not change the natural appearance or architectural value of the stone to any appreciable extent. There are two principal means by which stone can be preserved. One involves the formation of an outer stabilized zone around the stone; the other alters the chemical composition of the stone.A number of examples of stone preservation carried out on ancient monuments in the United Kingdom are taken to illustrate stone preservation methods. Their relative success is evaluated, and some more recent developments in stone preservation referred to.     

老挝石和寿山石矿物学特征的差异性研究

以老挝石和寿山石的岩相学为基础,对其矿物学上的差异性进行了对比分析研究.重点用电子探针（EMPA）分析了老挝石和寿山石组成的化学元素种类及含量.用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）分析了老挝石和寿山石的矿物组成.研究结果表明,老挝石和寿山石两者在矿物学上的差异主要体现在颜色、成分等方面,老挝石的颜色主要为红、白、粉,较少出现黄色,寿山石颜色丰富多彩,有红、白、粉、紫、黄、绿等,不同品种颜色差异较大.造成老挝石和寿山石颜色差异的主要原因为Fe元素含量的变化,Fe含量越高,颜色越深.老挝石和寿山石的主要矿物组成大致相同,主要由地开石、高岭石和珍珠陶石等组成,但两者在矿物组成含量及种类上略有差异.寿山石品种不同,矿物组成略有差异,如寿山虎口石中出现黄铁矿和叶蜡石,这在老挝石的研究中没有发现.     

南昌市梅岭花岗岩石蛋地貌的特征与发育机制初探

梅岭主要以新元古代花岗岩为地质基础,在长期的构造抬升和风化侵蚀作用下,形成了以垄状山脊/锯状山脊和侵蚀沟谷为组合的地貌特征,其代表性地貌为大小不同和圆度各异的石块堆积,广泛分布于山顶、山谷和缓山坡上,对于其形成机制,过去常被认为是冰川遗迹或倒石堆。通过研究这些石块堆积的形态特征和分布规律,笔者认为属石蛋地貌,可分为裸露型石蛋地貌和埋藏型石蛋地貌。二者的广泛分布,表明梅岭处于花岗岩地貌演化的幼年期晚期—青年期早期阶段,发育机制与当地的地质构造背景和湿热气候环境密切相关,其中的裸露型石蛋主要与埋藏型石蛋剥露、裸露岩石的球状风化和倒石堆的球状风化有关,沟谷中的石蛋流主要形成于裸露岩石崩解破碎后顺坡滚动、土体崩塌导致埋藏型石蛋出露和顺坡滚动、洪水搬运、季节性冻融作用使岩石顺坡蠕动等方式的综合作用下。埋藏型石蛋主要是在花岗岩内部裂隙和节理的控制下,形成于温度和降水对不同深度花岗岩的差异性风化作用。     

陆相盐湖层序地层学研究简述

陆相盐湖盐源复杂多样,主要有陆源、海源和地壳深部三大类。前两类主要通过蒸发成盐,气候起着关键作用,形成的陆相盐湖低水位和高水位体系域中盐岩发育,湖侵体系域中盐岩相对不发育;第三类主要通过兑卤成盐,作为深层卤水通道的深大断裂的活动期次控制了盐岩的发育,盐岩主要发育在湖侵体系域,高水位体系域次之,低水位体系域中盐岩一般不发育。