燕山东段～下辽河地区中新生代断裂演化与构造期次

通过对燕山东段～下辽河盆地中新生代断裂演化分析,认为中新生代该区共经历了中三叠世末,早侏罗世末,晚侏罗世末,白垩纪末和老第三纪末５期挤压作用。每期挤压作用都形成相应的挤压构造形迹,使得早期盆地萎缩或消亡,或对早期盆地进行改造使其反转。此外,该区还曾经历了中晚侏罗世,白垩纪和新生代３个明显的伸展作用阶段,形成中晚侏罗世断裂盆地,白垩纪断陷盆地和新生代裂谷盆地,构造演化过程中挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现     

黑龙江东部中-新生代盆地演化

黑龙江省东部中-新生代盆地基底由佳木斯地块和完达山地体复合而成.佳木斯地块以加里东期变质岩及花岗岩为主,东缘发育晚古生代和早中生代大陆边缘沉积.完达山地体在中-晚侏罗世就位在佳木斯地块东缘,并在早白垩世早期逆冲到佳木斯地块之上,形成具有前陆盆地性质的大三江盆地.大三江盆地在早白垩世晚期遭受逆冲、走滑构造改造.敦密断裂以北的诸多盆地均属大三江盆地改造后的残余盆地.这些残余盆地和完达山地体之下可能存在隐伏的晚古生代和早中生代大陆边缘沉积.三江盆地东部是古近纪断陷的主要发育区,可能存在一与佳依地堑平行的深断陷.隐伏的大陆边缘沉积和断陷是值得重视的油气勘探领域.     

燕山东段下辽河地区中新生代盆山构造演化

笔者通过分析燕山东段-下辽河地区的前中生代构造背景和中新生代盆山构造演化认为,该区中新生代的构造演化过程是在前中生代华北克拉通岩石图基础上发育起来的克拉通内(陆内或板内)盆山构造与挤压构造的交替演化过程,经历了早-中三叠世、晚三叠世-早侏罗世、中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪、新生代5个盆山构造演化阶段和中三叠世末、早侏罗世末、晚侏罗世末和白垩纪末、老第三纪末5期挤压作用。每次挤压作用都使得早期盆地萎缩或消亡,造成早期盆地反转。中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪和新生代三个阶段的伸展作用形成中-晚侏罗世断陷盆地、白垩纪断陷盆地和新生代裂谷盆地。在这一构造演化过程中,挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现,挤压构造和伸展构造间互发育。      

Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Southeast China Block: New insights from basin analysis

In order to better understand the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Southeast China Block (SECB in short), this paper describes geological features of Mesozoic basins that are widely distributed in the SECB. The analyzed data are derived from a regional geological investigation on various Mesozoic basins and a recently compiled 1:1,500,000 geological map of Mesozoic–Cenozoic basins. Two types of basin are distinguished according to their tectonic settings, namely, the post-orogenic basin (Type I) and the intracontinental extensional basin (Type II); the latter includes the graben and the half-graben or faulted-depression basins. Our studies suggest that the formation of these basins connects with the evolution of geotectonics of the SECB. The post-orogenic basin (Type I) was formed in areas from the piedmont to the intraland during the interval from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic; and the formation of the intracontinental extensional basin (Type II) connects with an intracontinental crustal thinning setting in the Late Mesozoic. The graben basin was generated during the Middle Jurassic and is associated with a bimodal volcanic eruption; and the half-graben or faulted-depression basin, filled mainly by the rhyolite, tuff and sedimentary rocks during Early Cretaceous, is occupied by the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene red-colored terrestrial clastic rocks. We noticed that the modern outcrops of numerous granites and basins occur in a similar level, and the Mesozoic granitic bodies contact with the adjacent basins by large normal faults, suggesting that the modern landforms between granites and basins were yielded by the late crustal movement. The modern basin and range framework was settled down in the Cretaceous. Abundant sedimentary structures are found in the various basins, from that the deposited environments and paleo-currents are concluded; during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic time, the source areas were situated to the north and northeast sides of the outcrop region. In this paper, we present the study results on one geological and geographical separating unit and two separating fault zones. The Wuyi orogenic belt is a Late Mesozoic paleo-geographically separating unit, the Ganjiang fault zone behaves as the western boundary of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks, and the Zhenghe–Dapu fault zone separates the SE-China Coastal Late Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary basins and the Wuyi orogenic belt. Finally, we discuss the geodynamic mechanisms forming various basins, proposing a three-stage model of the Mesozoic sedimentary evolution.     

中国东南部侏罗纪—第三纪陆相地层沉积特征

系统分析、总结了中国东南部地区中新生代地层的分布状况、沉积作用、构造特征 ,反映出地层分布总体上具 NE走向、SE— NW的分带现象 ,现今盆地的面貌有五种不同类型及相应的几何形态。分析认为 ,中国东南部早、中侏罗世普遍为拉张裂陷沉积环境 ,在赣南、粤北、闽西一带发育双峰式火山岩 ;稍后可能受到区域性挤压 ,如皖南、浙西、赣东北等地有南东向北西逆冲的压性构造 ;早白垩世为火山喷发高峰期 ,研究区均不同程度发生了火山喷发 ,其中东南沿海发育大面积的火山岩 ;早白垩世以后华南全区转为拉张 ,发育大量中、小型断陷盆地等伸展型盆地 ;晚白垩世—第三纪地壳继续处于拉张松弛环境 ,形成以裂谷环境为主要特征的火山—沉积岩石组合。这些结果表明 ,早—中侏罗世受古特提斯构造域和太平洋构造域的共同影响 ,中侏罗世之后太平洋板块占主导 ,上述现象主要系太平洋板块在晚中生代不同阶段对中国东南部俯冲作用的方位、俯冲速率、俯冲角度有所变化所导致     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001095

During the Late Mesozoic Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous,basin and range tectonics and associated magmatism representative of an extensional tectonic setting was widespread in southeastern China as a r...     

湘东南晚三叠世-侏罗纪沉积特征及盆地性质和成因机制

关于湘东南晚三叠世-侏罗纪沉积盆地性质存在挤压相关类前陆盆地及断陷盆地等不同认识。沉积物分布及岩相特征研究表明:湘东南晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期为海相-海陆交互相沉积环境, 早侏罗世晚期-中侏罗世早期为陆相沉积环境; 晚三叠世盆地为分布于茶陵-郴州大断裂东侧(上盘)的北北东-近南北向狭长海湾, 早侏罗世开始盆地向东、西两侧扩展; 晚三叠世-侏罗纪沉积横向上覆于相对较老的地层之上, 表明湘东南晚三叠世-侏罗纪盆地不是南北向挤压形成的类前陆拗陷盆地。结合区域构造背景, 提出盆地的形成主要与区域南北向挤压下先期北北东向断裂产生东西方向伸展有关, 一定程度上印证了印支运动构造线为北北东向。海相至陆相的演化过程暗示研究区以南在早侏罗世晚期开始因区域南北向挤压形成了东西向隆起, 说明盆地发育后期伸展活动的同时却处于区域挤压拗陷构造背景之中, 反映出晚三叠世-侏罗纪盆地演化期间华南地区伸展/挤压构造体制具复杂的时空变化。      

北山-阿拉善地区侏罗纪盆地构造特征及其演化

北山—阿拉善地区侏罗纪盆地受近东西向断层的控制，为东西向展布的断陷湖盆；盆地经历了早、中侏罗世断陷、晚侏罗世坳陷及其以后的改造三大阶段。目前控制侏罗系展布的断层有正断层、逆冲断层和反转断层等。白垩纪盆地受北东向断层的控制，对侏罗纪盆地进行了叠合改造。两个时代的盆地在空间上存在翘倾叠合、叠合保存、部分叠合改造三种干涉方式。盆地的叠合保存区对侏罗系烃源岩埋藏较好，对油气形成有利。     

松辽东缘中生代含煤盆地充填序列及在能源勘探中的意义

松辽东缘在晚侏罗世一早白垩世期间发育一系列ＮＥ向含煤断陷盆地。主要含煤层位是晚侏罗世沙河子组和早白垩世大羊草沟组。盆地的充填特征具有明显的规律性．基本上为三段式。反映在拉张裂陷－萎缩抬升的背景下盆地的演化特点。聚煤作用发生在特定的演化阶段。对盆地充填序列的研究有助于指导能源资源的勘探。     

郯庐断裂带的脉动式伸展活动

郯庐断裂带于晚白垩世至早第三纪经历了强烈的伸 展活动,普遍控制发育了断陷盆 地。断裂带中、南段的伸展活动起始于晚白垩世早期,而北段起始于早第三纪早期,具有明 显向北迁移的规律。断裂带的伸展活动呈脉动式渐进发展。现已发现在晚白垩 世至早第三纪该断裂带发生了6次伸展事件,在所控制的盆地内相应有明显的沉积响应。断 裂带伸展活动的影响和规模由早至晚逐渐扩大。这些伸展活动的迁移现象和脉动式发展与同 期的太平洋板块活动有关。     

渤海湾地区的中生代盆地构造概论

根据 1∶5 0万渤海湾新生代盆地区基岩地质图揭示的残留中生代地层的分布及构造变形特征 ,渤海湾地区的中生代盆地可以分为 5期。早—中三叠世、晚三叠世盆地为克拉通内部大型坳陷盆地 ,其中晚三叠世盆地仅分布在渤海湾西南部地区。早—中侏罗世盆地分布于印支运动形成的向斜坳陷核部 ,属于压陷挠曲型盆地。晚侏罗世—早白垩世盆地分布广泛 ,属于裂陷盆地 ;晚白垩世盆地属于后裂陷阶段的坳陷盆地。这些盆地受印支运动、燕山运动影响而发生反转。印支运动在渤海湾地区的东、西部的表现有明显差异。西部变形弱、以近EW向宽缓褶皱变形为主 ,东部变形强、并叠加了NE向褶皱和逆冲断层变形。早燕山运动使渤海湾地区形成宽缓的大型NE向褶皱变形 ,并使早—中侏罗世盆地发生反转和逆冲断层变形 ;中、晚燕山运动基本没有在渤海湾地区形成褶皱构造变形 ,而是表现为晚侏罗—早白垩世盆地和晚白垩世盆地的区域性反转隆升。下—中侏罗统沉积之后 ,渤海湾地区的构造格局发生基本变革 ,进入以裂陷盆地为主的构造演化时期。     

大别山造山带与安徽沿江中新生代盆地的盆山耦合关系

安徽沿江中新生代盆地位于大别山造山带南缘，为先挤压、后伸展形成的叠合盆地，是探讨扬子板块陆内深俯冲—大别山造山带隆起与中、下扬子盆地沉降的耦合关系的理想场所。在早中生代，大别山为华南和华北大陆碰撞造山带，华南地壳向深处俯冲并承受超高压变质作用，超高压变质岩不断向上折返，沿江坳陷具有前陆盆地性质，盆地充填有晚三叠世—中侏罗世磨拉石层序；在晚中生代，在中国东部整体的拉张背景下，大别山变质带完全折返上隆，处于变质核杂岩隆升状态，而沿江坳陷具有裂陷盆地性质，充填有晚侏罗世—早白垩世、晚白垩世—古近纪两个红色碎屑构造层序，起因于地壳拆沉而产生的均衡隆升和伸展断陷的构造耦合。     

华北北部中新生代构造体制的转换过程

华北北部位于古亚洲和太平洋两大全球性构造域的交叠部位,其中新生代断裂演化、区域性不整合界面和盆地演化的地质事实显示华北北部中新生代存在5个挤压作用时期。自老至新为:①中三叠世末挤压期(老虎沟组或杏石口组前挤压期,峰值年龄 ≥ 215Ma);②早侏罗世末挤压期(海房沟组或九龙山组前挤压期,峰值年龄 ≥ 178Ma);③晚侏罗世末挤压期(义县组或东岭台组前挤压期,峰值年龄 ≥ 135Ma);④晚白垩世末挤压期(古近系前挤压期,峰值年龄65Ma);⑤古近纪末挤压期(新近纪前挤压期,峰值年龄25Ma).5个挤压期在时间上相对较短,并为6个时间较长,构造运动相对和缓或伸展的成盆沉积期一一隔开。6个成盆沉积期包括:早中三叠世、晚三叠世-早侏罗世、中晚侏罗世、白垩纪、古近纪、新近纪-第四纪。其中,中晚侏罗世、白垩纪、古近纪、新近纪-第四纪具有明显的伸展作用特征。也就是说,华北北部中新生代的构造演化过程是在前中生代华北克拉通岩石圈基础上发育起来的克拉通内(陆内或板内)成盆沉积与挤压变形的交替演化过程,在这一构造演化过程中,挤压作用和伸展作用均占有重要位置,总体来讲,挤压作用由强变弱,伸展作用由弱变强。伸展作用持续的时间长,挤压作用持续时间则相对较短。挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现,挤压构造和伸展构造间互发育。华北北部中新生代这种构造体制的转换过程,记录了从古亚洲洋构造域汇聚构造体制向太平洋构造域俯冲构造体制转换的大陆动力学过程。      

The Mesozoic structural evolution of the Gorgon Platform,North Carnarvon Basin,Australia

The Gorgon Platform is located on the southeastern edge of the Exmouth Plateau in the North Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. A structural analysis using three-dimensional (3D) seismic data has revealed four major sets of extensional faults, namely, (1) the Exmouth Plateau extensional fault system, (2) the basin bounding fault system (Exmouth Plateau–Gorgon Platform Boundary Fault), (3) an intra-rift fault system in the graben between the Exmouth Plateau and the Gorgon Platform and (4) an intra-rift fault system within the graben between the Exmouth Plateau and the Exmouth Sub-basin. Fault throw-length analyses imply that the initial fault segments, which formed the Exmouth Plateau–Gorgon Platform Boundary Fault (EG Boundary Fault), were subsequently connected vertically and laterally by both soft- and hard-linked structures. These major extensional fault systems were controlled by three different extensional events during the Early and Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, and illustrate the strong role of structural inheritance in determining fault orientation and linkage. The Lower and Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous syn-kinematic sequences are separated by unconformities.     

壳内岩浆层演化的盆地效应:以中国东南部中生代盆地为例

中国东南部中生代发育有拗陷型、断裂型、断陷型3种不同类型的盆地,其中前者发育于晚三叠世-早侏罗世,其内多为含煤建造;次者发育于中侏罗世-早白垩世,主要为火山岩建造;后者发育于白垩纪-古近纪,主要为陆相红岩建造。研究结果表明,盆地构造类型的演化与该区中生代壳内岩浆层的演化密切相关。与联合古陆解体相伴随的古太平洋板块俯冲使得东亚陆缘岩石圈的内能逐渐升高,其结果是壳内岩浆层的形成和增厚以及其上盖层岩石的弯曲变形,导致中生代早期众多拗陷盆地的形成;燕山早期的构造运动使印支期已强烈变形的地壳进一步破裂,为壳内岩浆层的物质溢出或喷发提供了通道条件,从而在重熔界面(岩浆层上界面)埋深较浅的本区东部形成众多火山岩盆地;系统内能在晚侏罗世后逐渐下降,地壳冷却收缩使得断块的重力调整逐渐占主导位置,形成众多由正断层控制的断陷盆地。     

辽西及其毗邻地区中生代盆地的构造类型和特征

辽宁及其毗邻地区大地构造位置隶属于环太平洋构造带外带内陆区,该区分布有为数众多的中生代盆地.根据前晚三叠世基底出露情况,在该区划分出了61个中生代盆地.盆地的构造类型分为拗裂型、裂陷型、断陷型和断拗型4种类型.拗裂型盆地形成于晚三叠世-中侏罗世,又称早中生代盆地;断陷型和裂陷型盆地形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期,又称晚中生代早期盆地;断拗型盆地形成于早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世,又称晚中生代晚期盆地.拗裂盆地与环太平洋深大断裂体系的热构造关系不明显,而与古板块构造的隆起和裂陷有关;裂陷和断陷盆地与环太平洋深大断裂体系的热构造密切相关,盆地严格受大兴安岭和下辽河-双辽两大热构造隆起带控制;断拗盆地与环太平洋弧后拉张的热体制有关.     

辽西地区中生代盆地构造演化

辽西地区为华北地台北缘阴山－燕山造山带的东延部分，中生代发育火山－碎屑岩沉积盆地。盆地地质分析表明，该区在早白垩世早期之前发育的沉积盆地为挤压型盆地，早白垩世中期以后属伸展断陷盆地。根据沉积－构造分析，该区中生代盆地构造演化可划分为5个构造演化阶段；（1）早三叠世－－早侏罗世；（2）早侏罗世－中侏罗世；（3）中侏罗世－晚侏罗世；（4）早白垩世早期；（5）早白垩世中期－晚白垩世。     

秦岭——大别造山带与江南造山带的差异隆升过程:来自江汉盆地中新生代沉积记录的证据

江汉叠合盆地地处扬子地区中部,夹持于秦岭--大别造山带与江南造山带中段之间,是中生代中期以来在扬子浅海台地基础上发育起来的典型海陆交互相-陆相叠合盆地,其中充填了厚逾10000m的中三叠世-新近纪陆源碎屑岩系。据印支期以来的造山活动历程与成盆演化特点,将盆山耦合过程划分为造山前期、主造山期、造山后期与非造山期4个阶段,将盆地充填层序划分为陆架边缘、前陆、断陷和坳陷4个(盆地世代)超层序。依据盆内沉积物碎屑组份分析,发现中三叠世江南造山带进入强造山活动期,白垩纪末进入造山带坍塌后的活动平静期;秦岭--大别造山带的主造山活动阶段为晚三叠-早侏罗世,古近纪末处于非造山活动相对平静阶段。盆区整体呈现东部造山活动早,山带隆升早,持续时间长,剥露地层较快较早进入变质岩层段;西部造山活动时间晚,隆升时间相对较晚,剥露地层在早侏罗世初期才依次切入变质岩层段;盆地南、北缘山带总体呈现多幕式差异隆升过程。     

Sedimentary response to the intracontinental orogenic process: insight from the anatomy of a small Mesozoic basin in western Yanshan,northern North China

ABSTRACT

The intra-continental orogeny and tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Yanshan fold-thrust belt (YFTB) in the northern North China Craton (NCC) have been strongly debated. Here, we focus on the Shangyi basin, located in the centre of the YFTB. An integrated analysis of sedimentary facies, palaeocurrents, clast compositions, and detrital zircon dating of sediments was adopted to determine the palaeogeography, provenance, basin evolution, and intra-continental orogenic process. The Shangyi basin comprises the well-exposed Early–early Middle Jurassic Xiahuayuan Formation and the Longmen Formation, and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Tuchengzi Formation. Based on the 18 measured sections, five facies associations – including alluvial fan, fluvial, delta, lacustrine, and eolian facies – have been identified and described in detail. The onset of the Shangyi basin was filled with fluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine deposits controlled by the normal fault bounding the northern basin, corresponding to the pre-orogeny. In the Middle Jurassic, the cobble–boulder conglomerates of alluvial fan, as molasse deposits, were compatible with the syn-orogeny of the Yanshan movement, which played a critical role in northern North China and even East Asia. After the depositional break in the Middle–Late Jurassic, the Shangyi basin, controlled by the normal fault present in the north of the basin, re-subsided and quickly expanded southward with thick sedimentation, which is correlative with the post-orogeny. Combined with A-type granites, metamorphic core complexes, mafic dikes, and rift basins of the Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous present in the northern NCC and Mongolia, significant extension was widespread in the northern NCC and even in northeast Asia. Moreover, vertical changes of provenance indicate that the Taihang Mountain and the Inner Mongolia palaeo-uplift (IMPU) present at the west and north of the basin, respectively, experienced uplift twice in the Middle–Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, resulting in a regional depositional break.     

Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Bayanhushuo area,southern Great Xing’an Range,NE China: constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical data of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks

This study presents new zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic data of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks that crop out in the Bayanhushuo area of the southern Great Xing’an Range (GXR) of NE China. These data provide insights into the tectonic evolution of this area during the late Mesozoic and constrain the evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. Combining these new ages with previously published data suggests that the late Mesozoic volcanism occurred in two distinct episodes: Early–Middle Jurassic (176–173 Ma) and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (151–138 Ma). The Early–Middle Jurassic dacite porphyry belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series, showing the features of I-type igneous rock. This unit has zircon ε_Hf(t) values from +4.06 to +11.62 that yield two-stage model ages (T_DM2) from 959 to 481 Ma. The geochemistry of the dacite porphyry is indicative of formation in a volcanic arc tectonic setting, and it is derived from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of juvenile mafic crustal material. The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks belong to high-K calc-alkaline or shoshonite series and have A₂-type affinities. These volcanics have ε_Hf(t) and T_DM2 values from +5.00 to +8.93 and from 879 to 627 Ma, respectively. The geochemistry of these Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks is indicative of formation in a post-collisional extensional environment, and they formed from primary magmas generated by the partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust. The discovery of late Mesozoic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks within the southern GXR indicates that this region was in volcanic arc and extensional tectonic settings during the Early–Middle Jurassic and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, respectively. This indicates that the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate was undergoing subduction during the Early–Middle Jurassic, and this ocean adjacent to the GXR may have closed by the Late Middle Jurassic–Early Late Jurassic.