Effects of light quality on growth rates and pigments of Chaetoceros gracilis(Bacillariophyceae)

Light is an important parameter in algal culturing.In this work,the effects of different light qualities on growth of the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis are evaluated.The cells were cultured under light quantum flux density of 60μmol photons/(m2·s)with nine light qualities:LED red light(LR),LED blue light(LB),LED red plus LED blue light(LR+LB),LED white light(LW),fluorescent white light(FW),and combinations of LW and FW lights with increased proportions of red or blue light(FW+LR,FW+LB,LW+LR,and LW+LB).Blue light promoted the growth of C.gracilis largely.Three light qualities,FW+LR,LW+LR,and LR,resulted in the lowest growth rate.Both chlorophyll and carotenoids reached the highest level under LB and the lowest level under LR among monochromatic light sources;however,increasing of the proportion of blue or red light in the white light induced an increase of the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations.Light absorption ability of microalgae was critical for the growth of these organisms,as we observed a positive correlation between the extinction coefficient at different wavelengths and the specific growth rate.These findings are of importance to improve the culturing of this alga in bioreactors.     

EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND SALINITY ON GROWTH AND UPTAKE OF 60Co AND 137Cs FOR CHLORELLA SP.

The effects of three photoperiods (24 hr illumination, 12 hr illumination + 12 hr darkness and 24 hr darkness) and three salinities (20‰, 30‰ and 35‰) on the uptake of 60Co and 137Cs for Chlorella sp. and on the growth of its algae are studied. The uptake of 60Co for the algae is two orders of magnitude higher than that of 137Cs. Of factorial effects, the effect of photoperiod is most significant either on the uptake of the radionuclides or on the growth of the algae; the effect of salinity comes next in order and that of their interaction remains with the last. The uptake of the two radionuclides increases with extended photoperiod while the uptake of 137Cs declines with increasing of salinity. The growth of the algae appears to be the best under the conditions of 24 hr illumination and 30‰ salinity.     

Pore Pressure Accumulation of Anisotropically Consolidated Soft Clay Subjected to Complex Loads Under Different Stress Paths

Owing to different influence factors of foundation soil, the initial stress state of the soil under various working conditions is complex. To simulate this situation, in this paper, a series of tests on undisturbed soft clay under pure principal stress axis rotation were carried out by using the hollow cylinder apparatus(HCA). The influence of initial consolidation angle ζ(the angle between the vertical direction and direction of the applied load in consolidation) and intermediate principal stress coefficient b on pore water pressure accumulation of undisturbed soft clay were mainly studied. The test results show that, during pure principal stress axis rotation, the pore water pressure accumulation of the undisturbed soft clay fluctuates and increases with the rotation of the major principal stress; the values of major principal stress angles α, corresponding to the peak value of the pore water pressure in a certain cycle, are different with different initial consolidation angles; the pore water pressure accumulation of soft clay is greatly affected by the intermediate principal stress coefficient b. With the fixed initial consolidation angle ζ, the variation trend of the maximum pore water pressure for each cycle is appropriately the same with different b values. With the increase of cycles, the difference value of pore water pressure between b = 0 and b = 1 in each cycle increases gradually with different initial consolidation angles ζ. While with different initial consolidation angles ζ, the increase of the pore water pressure when b increases from 0 to 0.5 is different with that when b increases from 0.5 to 1; the variation of maximum pore water pressure with ζ is significantly affected by the value of b; the value of maximum pore water pressure increases with the cycle number increases under all test conditions, but the growth rate decreases gradually.And the variation of maximum pore water pressure with the cycle number N is obviously influenced by both ζ and b.     

Salt response of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus(Turp.)Kutz is modulated by the algal growth phase

Growth and biochemical responses of the coenobial green alga Scenedesmus obliquus to salinity stress were monitored across different phases of growth.The alga was cultured on BG11 growth medium and subjected to 0,30,100,and 200 mmol/L NaCl for a period of 20 d,during which algal cultures were harvested at 4-d intervals.The salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth was accompanied with prolongation of timing of the different growth phases.The sharp and progressive salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth rate during the early phase of growth points to salt shock but moderation of inhibition at the subsequent stages of growth means algal acclimation to salinity.The concentrations of chlorophylls a and b,soluble sugars,proteins as well as those of K+and Na+in the alga exhibited peaks at the initiation of the exponential phase of growth,with increasing magnitude in proportion to the increase in the level of salinity.Nevertheless,whereas soluble sugars of the alga peaked at initiation of the exponential phase,starch concentration progressively increased with culture age,reaching saturation towards the stationary phase.Whereas the salinity-induced increase in soluble sugars was most evident at the early stages of growth the reverse was true for starch.The present results point to fast acclimation of S.obliquus to salt stress post a brief salt shock,utilizing soluble sugars,K+and Na+for osmotic adjustment.Increasing salinity from 0 to 200 mmol/L NaCl led to progressive increase in soluble sugars,proteins,K+and Na+concentrations of the algal cells,particularly at the early stages of growth.However,the salinity-induced increase in chlorophyll concentration approached a limit at 100 mmol/L NaCl whereas that in starch concentration was more evident at the later stages of growth.     

Regulation of different light conditions for efficient biomass production and protein accumulation of Spirulina platensis

Light plays an important role in the photosynthesis and metabolic process of microalgae.However, how different light conditions regulate the biomass production and protein accumulation of microalgae is mostly unknown. In this study, the influence of different light conditions, including light colors, densities, and light:dark cycles on the cell growth and biochemical composition of Spirulina platensis was symmetrically characterized. Under different colored lights, S. platensis all shows an incr...     

Effect of salinity on the growth, biological activity and secondary metabolites of some marine fungi

The study investigated the effects of salinity on growth,antimicrobial activities and secondary metabolites of 47 marine filamentous fungi isolated from the East China Sea near the western shore of the Taiwan Straits.The results indicate that NaCl promoted the growth up to 91.5% of test strains.However,only 14.9% of them showed a significant increase of antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans.When incubated in different concentrations of NaCl,the colony growth, antimicrobial activities and composition of secondary metabolites of the strain Ty01b-8 of Penicillium sp.varied.Treatment with KCl also showed a similar effect.An alkaloid isolated from the fermentation broth of Ty01b-8 was identified as chrysogine,inhibition activity of which against Hela cells was 15.05% at 20 μ g/ml,and yield was 4.4 and 4.9 times higher in 3 percent and 6 percent NaCl treatments,respectively, compared with the non-salt culture condition. These findings prove that salinity is an important factor influencing growth and secondary metabolites of some marine fungi,which can be used to screen for new metabolites from marine fungi,and to enhance their metabolites production in industrial fermentation.     

基于人为调控盐度的促进大叶藻种子萌发及建苗技术研究

Vast declines in Zostera marina seagrass beds demand effective methods of rehabilitation. In this study, we developed a practical method by reducing salinity to induce seed germination followed with recovering salinity to facilitate seedling production of Z. marina. The results showed that Z. marina seeds collected from natural seawater(salinity 30) were induced to germinate at reduced salinities. Percent germination(GR) was higher and mean-time-to-germinate(MTG) was shorter at lower salinities. The highest GR and shortest MTG occurred at salinity 0(deionized freshwater). After germination in freshwater, seeds could develop into seedlings at salinities5–30 and continue the growth. Viability or development of germinated seeds was not significantly different during the 40 d of post-germination incubation at salinities 5–15 after 1–20 d of germination in freshwater. However,during the process of translating germinated seeds from salinity 0 and 5 to salinity 30, reducing the gradients of post-germination acclimation facilitated more seeds forming seedlings in less time. On average, after 60 d of static incubation, including 20 d in freshwater for germination followed with immediate shift to salinity 5 and increasing to salinity 30 at increment of 5 every two days until cultivation at constant salinity 30, 33% of Z. marina seeds produced healthy seedlings. The results indicate that the salinity-manipulation based method of artificial germination and seedling production is practical and effective in supporting rehabilitation of Z. marina bed.     

Protective effects of Ecklonia cava extract on the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by hair dye in in-vitro and in-vivo models

Oxidative hair dyes containingρ-phenylenediamine(PPD)are reported to induce an allergic reaction by promoting oxidative stress when absorbed through the skin.Despite the associated risk,these hair dyes remain popular owing to their convenience and sharpness of color.This makes it important to minimize the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Ecklonia cava extract has been evaluated in different studies for its protective effects against external stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.Our study was aimed at using in-vitro and in-vivo models to investigate the extract’s effects on cytotoxicity of and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Analysis of CIEL*a*b*Color space was first used to determine the range of E.cava extract that would not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye upon addition.Subsequently,the set ranges of E.cava extract(5% and 7%)were added to the hair dye and their toxicity assessed by evaluating the viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes.The effects on developmental phenotypes and induction of oxidative stress by hair dye were evaluated and compared with those of hair dyes containing different contents of E.cava extract using an in-vivo zebrafish model.Our results showed that E.cava extract in hair dye could significantly decrease the cytotoxicity and levels of oxidative stress caused by hair dyes containing PPD in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.These results suggest that the addition of 7% E.cava extract to 250μg/mL hair dye does not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye while showing significant protective eff ects against the hair dye.The study proposes that the use of E.cava extract as an adduct to hair dyes containing PPD reduces the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by these hair dyes.     

Effects of salinity fluctuation in different ranges on the intermolt period and growth of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis

1 Introduction Salinity is an important environmental parameter affecting the growth of the crustaceans, and the toler- ance to salinity varies with species and growth periods. Marsupenaeus japonicus is sensitive to salinity fluctua- tion, and abrupt decrease in salinity can result in high mortality (Chen and Bian, 1994). As reported by Dall (1981), tolerance of the juvenile Metapenaeus bennet- tae, Penaeus esculentus and Fenneropenaeus mer- guiensis to salinity fluctuation is not as strong …     

海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展

综述国际上海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的研究进展 ,并结合中国实际探讨减少养殖污染和海水养殖业可持续发展的途径。海水养殖主要通过有机物和营养物的排放、化学药物的使用、养殖动物的逃逸、红树林的破坏等途径对沿岸生态环境产生负面影响。为减小这一影响 ,认为应采取提高人工饲料的质量、单一养殖系统结构优化和复合养殖系统的结构优化、处理养殖排放水、海岸带综合治理等措施。     

基于博弈理论的海洋标准实施监督对策研究

对标准实施情况的监督是标准化工作重要的内容,海洋标准化工作经过多年的发展已取得长足进步,但是对海洋标准实施情况的监督工作仍有待加强.运用经济博弈理论,探讨在开展海洋标准实施情况的监督过程中利益群体间的关系.研究影响监督效果的主要因素,并提出相应的监督管理对策.     

基于统一身份管理平台的组模型的研究

提出在数字化校园建设中实现统一权限管理需要解决的关键问题。参考顶层设计方法论,建立学校用户组数据原型,并提出新型组管理必须具备的特征,在此基础上,提出1种基于统一身份管理平台的组模型,较好地解决统一权限控制的角色管理问题,并详细地描述了该模型的设计和实现。     

基于DS-CDMA序列的LADCP水声通信算法研究

下放式声多普勒海流剖面仪(LADCP)是20世纪90年代出现的一种海流剖面测量方式,能够快速获得大范围、全深度的海流剖面数据,在国内外有很广泛的应用。中科院声学所第一次将声通信部分加入LADCP中,完成了LADCP下放的实时监控。文中介绍了适用于LADCP通信特点的一种基于DS-CDMA的通信方法,完成了理论仿真,并通过进行相应的海试,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Cd2+对三疣梭子蟹的毒性效应研究

本研究以三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus为研究对象,通过急性和亚急性暴露试验,研究Cd²⁺对其肝胰腺和鳃的毒性效应。结果表明:Cd²⁺对三疣梭子蟹的48、72和96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.55、4.33和3.12 mg/L,Cd²⁺对三疣梭子蟹的安全质量浓度为0.31 mg/L;在安全质量浓度和渔业水质标准质量浓度(<0.005 mg/L)下,随着暴露时间的延长,三疣梭子蟹的肝胰腺和鳃中HSP70的表达量都出现“先升后降”的趋势,与对照组相比,鳃中HSP70的表达量比肝胰腺的变化明显。在安全质量浓度以下,三疣梭子蟹的存活率并没有明显的变化,但是HSP70的诱导表达反映机体受到Cd²⁺的胁迫。因此HSP70基因可用作低质量浓度Cd²⁺污染检测的生物标志物。     

基于ANSYS的淤泥质海底海床基吸附力研究

为了解决海床基在淤泥质海底的吸附力问题,利用ANSYS软件,采用接触分析、三维十节点实体单元以及Drucker-Prager模型模拟淤泥结构,分析了海床基在淤泥质海底的吸附力大小,然后与经验公式比较,证明了ANSYS对海床基吸附力分析的可行性;海床基在不同工况下的吸附力模拟对海床基的回收方式及结构优化等方面提供了一定的指导。     

Spar平台硬舱壳体加强筋布置型式对结构稳定性影响研究

基于API BULL2U规范有关圆柱壳体结构稳定性条文,对Spar平台的圆柱型硬舱壳体的骨架布置型式与圆柱壳体结构的稳定性关系进行了初步探讨,编写了圆柱壳体结构稳定性计算分析软件。通过对例题的计算,认为在Spar平台硬舱壳体设置环向加强筋可显著提高第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类屈曲的临界应力,但对第Ⅰ类屈曲的临界应力影响不大;当数量超过的临界值时,设置纵向筋可显著提高第Ⅰ类屈曲临界应力,但对第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类屈曲模式纵向加强作用有限。     

温度对海底沉积物声学特性影响实验研究

温度的变化是影响海底沉积物声学特性非常重要的因素之一。文章采用同轴差距衰减测量法,在不同温度下对海底沉积物声学特性进行测量,实验得出南海海底沉积物随着温度的升高具有以下声学特性:1)沉积物声速变化比较缓慢,上下波动点较明显,但总体趋势接近线性下降;2)衰减幅值随着温度升高一直下降,偶尔有些波动的异常点,声衰减幅值呈现线性下降的趋势;3)声衰减系数变化呈现抛物线趋势,具有强非线性。对于此类沉积物声速特殊情况,还有待从理论和实验方面更深入地研究解释其成因。     

Experimental Investigation on Breakup of Ice Floe on Waves

Experimental investigation of for floe breakup on waves by use of non-refrigerated breakablematerials has been carried out.The incident wave heights for breakup of ice floe with different lengths,andthe influence of rigidity on reflection and transmission coeffcients are discussed.The experimental resultsshow that the ratio of the ice floe length,L_i,to the wavelength,L,is one of the significant factor affectingthe minimum wave height to cause fracture of ice floe,and another key factor is the ratio of the ice floethickness,h_i and L_i.