新型PTY—8Ⅱ型地震遥测设备

PTY-8Ⅱ型地震遥测设备是华北地区遥测地震台网联网采用的主要硬件设备之一。本文对该设备的研制与生产过程做了简要介绍;对该设备的技术指标、整机结构、工作原理、安装、调试和使用做了说明。     

隔震装置的设计参数与结构设计

由于地震动在水平向和垂直向的差异，决定了隔震装置需要按各向异性性质设计。以新西兰的铅芯橡胶支座和专用于浮放设备的隔震支座为例讨论了确定隔震装置的设计参数的要点，隔震装置结构形式选择等问题。     

初探数字地震信号的无线传输

四川省地震局地震仪器研究所长期进行模拟地震信号无线遥测设备的研制和生产,１９９７年为四川省地震局赴三峡无线数字遥测地震台网勘选工作研制了一次群无线数传设备,勘选工作的结果较好,所有子台的误码指标均在１０－６,即说明我所研制的这套数传设备基本上是可行的...     

试论地震系统设备的有偿占用

社会主义市场经济的发展，冲击和改变着旧的物资管理体制，冲击和改变着陈旧的传统观念、思维方式和工作方式。地震系统能否实行设备有偿占用改革，引起人们的普遍关注，本文从理论和实践上进行了初步探讨，试图更新观念，扩大视野，提高物资管理的实效。     

野外地震设备应急避雷控制器的研制

针对地震遥测无人值守子台地震设备常遭雷电破坏这一实际问题，研制了野外地震设备避雷应急控制器。本文介绍了野外地震设备避雷应急控制器的研制思路、工作原理及运行情况。     

测震台卫星设备维护与问题的解决

在日常工作当中,由于卫星地面传输设备故障造成的数据传输中断以及解决办法,同时就卫星信号地面传输设备的维护办法做出了详细总结,从而实现卫星测震台低故障率,为地震速报工作提供有力保障。     

华北联网有线地震数据传输设备的研制

从分析数字信号传输制式的特点入手,介绍了华北联网有线传输设备的电路原理,技术上的特点和实际使用中的情况。     

室内通信设备地震易损性分析

在总结国内外震后通信设备破坏情况.研究室内传输、电源等不同功能通信设备地震易损性分析方法的基础上,以中山市、东莞市部分设备为例进行分析计算,结合震害经验总结,给出室内通信设备在不同地震烈度时的破坏状态,为通信设备的抗震设防提供参考和依据.     

PTY－8Ⅲ型地震遥测设备的研制及遥测地震台网观测系统的改造

介绍了最新研制的ＰＴＹ－８Ⅲ型地震遥测设备以及北京遥测地震台网观测系统的更新与改造。     

PTY—8III型地震遥测设备的研制及遥测地震台网观测系统的改造

介绍了最新研制的ＰＴＹ－８ＩＩＩ型地震遥测设备以及北京遥测地震台网观测系统的更新与改造。     

Reduction of oil outflows at collisions and groundings through improved vessel design arrangement

The paper discusses active and passive methods of reducing the expected oil outflow from collision and grounding accidents. Active measures refer to actions or decisions taken at the time of an accident, while passive measures refer to features built into the design of the ship. Except in cases of large tides, passive measures appear most efficient in reducing the oil spill rates from collision and grounding accidents. The measures discussed in this study include:

• • main hull design and tank arrangement;

• • structural resistance of hull; and

• • other features, like vacuum systems, piping systems for automatic redistribution of oil in case of pressure drop in tanks.

Only the influence of the main hull design and tank arrangement on the oil outflow has been analysed in detail. A probabilistic outflow model, which simulates damage cases in accordance with observed data from collision and grounding accidents, has been used for a parameter study of the oil spills from a double hull tanker of 280 000 DWT. This has established the optimum position of longitudinal bulkheads to minimize the outflow rates, the variation of the outflow volumes with tank length (number of oil tanks) and the effect of altering main particulars or hull slenderness on outflow rates. Further simplified models are used to assess how these variations in main hull design and tank arrangement will affect the steel weights and associated costs of the analysed designs. The results reveal that a considerable reduction of the pollution risk may be achieved by careful modification of main particulars and tank sizes compared to current design practice.     

Study of the correlations between main shocks and aftershocks and aftershock synthesis method

To consider the influence of aftershocks in engineering design, the correlations between main shocks and aftershocks should be examined, and an aftershock simulation method with main shock ground motions needs to be developed. In this study, the data on the sequences of main shock-aftershock ground motions and other related parameters were collected. Using these data, correlations between the magnitude, frequency, duration and energy of the main shock-aftershock ground motions were investigated. The results showed that the magnitude of the aftershock can be larger than that of the main shock. The shapes of the Fourier amplitude spectra of main shocks and aftershocks were similar; however, the predominant frequency and high-frequency components of the aftershock tended to be larger. Considering the magnitude difference between the main shock and the aftershock, the correlation of durations was explored. Additionally, a new concept, the duration ratio, was defined to describe the concentration of seismic energy release, and main shock energy was strongly positively correlated with the energy attenuated during the main shock-aftershock sequence. Finally, based on these results regarding correlation, an aftershock synthesis using recorded main shock ground motions was constructed with the trigonometric series method for seismic design, and some examples are given to analyze the rationality of this synthetic method.

     

现代抗震设计理论的发展过程

介绍了现代抗震设计理论的发展过程，基于性态的抗震设计理论的提出背景、发展情况及研究内容；详细介绍了基于性态的抗震设计理论的抗震设防方法；指出了基于性态的抗震设计理论与传统抗震设计理论的主要区别及特点。     

Analytical solutions of a routing problem for storm water in a detention basin

Abstract

Analytical solutions of a routing problem for storm water flowing through a linear reservoir are presented for the assumption of trapezoidal-shaped inflow hydrograph. The maximum ponded (water) depth in the detention basin is chosen as a main design criterion. Calculations are carried out for a given rain recurrence interval but for various rain durations and sand filter surface areas to reach the maximum permitted ponded depth. A design example is also provided.     

How to model rockburst seismic loads for civil engineering purposes?

Usually rockbursts from underground mining induce minor quakes of MM intensity up to V. Sometimes however the surface tremors reach level of MM epicentral intensity I ₀ = VI to VIII. Since a fast industrial development often takes place in the mining areas then some seismic design rules for new buildings are needed. The main obstacle is then lack of respective design response spectrum and an unclear definition of the level of design acceleration to apply. Particularly the latter one is difficult to overcome because the rockburst ground motion records differ from natural earthquakes when it comes to their spectral properties as well as return periods. This paper presents a method how to rationally define the design acceleration so that a seismic code, e,g, Eurocode 8, can be applied in practical design procedures in the mining areas.     

核电站常规岛主厂房基于性能的抗震分析

常规岛主厂房是一种特殊的工业建筑结构,具有质量、刚度分布不均、多错层等特点,其抗震重在保证电厂运行功能在设防预期的水准地震作用下不中断,避免重大设备损坏而造成的严重财产损失.基于性能的抗震设计方法是目前国际上先进的抗震设计方法.首次将设计流程引入到核电站常规岛主厂房结构抗震设计中,在小震和中震弹性分析基础上,采用基于纤...     

汶川大地震简支梁桥落梁震害与设计对策

总结了5.12汶川大地震中简支梁桥落梁震害及主要影响因素,发现除地震山体滑坡等地质灾害外,断层地表破裂、近断层地震动效应、桥台胸墙冲切破坏、防落梁构造措施单一及桥梁体型复杂等因素都是引起简支梁桥落梁震害的重要原因。提出了简支梁桥防落梁设计的基本理念及相关技术方案要点为允许墩梁间发生滑移,以降低桥墩承受的地震惯性力,以及盖梁提供允许的最大滑移长度及支座支承宽度,再辅助挡块或拉索限位器等共同防止落梁发生。最后结合现行规范,以拉索限位器为例给出了简支梁桥防落梁设计方法。     

Application of consequence-based design criteria in regions of moderate seismicity

Current design criteria and principles of earthquake engineering design are reviewed, including safety factors, probabilistic approach, and two-level and multi-level functional design ideas. The modern multi-functional idea is discussed in greater details. When designing a structure, its resistance to and the intensity of the earthquake action are considered. The consequence of failure of the structure is considered only through a rough and empirical factor of importance, ranging usually from 1.0 to 1.5. This paper suggests a method of “consequence-based design,” which considers the consequences of malfunctioning instead of simply an importance factor. The main argument for this method is that damage to a structure located in different types of societies may have very different consequences, which are dependant on its value and usefulness to the society and the seismicity in the region.     

Dynamic response and optimal design of structures with large mass ratio TMD

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior and the seismic effectiveness of a non‐conventional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) with large mass ratio. Compared with conventional TMD, the device mass is increased up to be comparable with the mass of the structure to be protected, aiming at a better control performance. In order to avoid the introduction of an excessive additional weight, masses already present on the structure are converted into tuned masses, retaining structural or architectural functions beyond the mere control function. A reduced order model is introduced for design purposes and the optimal design of a large mass ratio TMD for seismic applications is then formulated. The design method is specifically developed to implement High‐Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) to connect the device mass to the main structure, taking advantage of combining stiffness and noticeable damping characteristics. Ground acceleration is modeled as a Gaussian random process with white noise power spectral density. A numerical searching technique is used to obtain the optimal design parameter, the frequency ratio alpha, which minimizes the root‐mean‐square displacement response of the main structure. The study finally comprises shaking table tests on a 1:5 scale model under a wide selection of accelerograms, both artificial and natural, to assess the seismic effectiveness of the proposed large mass ratio TMD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of the spatial distribution of ground motion between main shocks and strong aftershocks

Using the ground motion attenuation relation, we calculated and compared the effective peak acceleration (EPA) generated by main shocks and their strong aftershocks of 21 earthquake sequences with MS≥7 occurred in Chinese mainland and offing of China during 1966~2002. The result shows that EPA of strong aftershocks usually exceed that of main shock for 76.2% earthquake sequences and EPA of more than 50% strong aftershocks are greatly lar-ger than that of main shocks in large area, which suggests that it is necessary to take damage produced by strong aftershock into account in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the seismic design.