高压旋喷桩复合地基承载力与沉降计算方法分析

以具体工程为背景,以准确翔实的承载力与沉降量实测资料为依据,以高压旋喷桩复合地基的承载力、沉降量实测值与计算机值进行了对比与分析。结果表明，旋喷复合地基载荷试验时承压板下桩数不同，测得的复全地基承载力也不同，承压板下桩数越多，所得的承载力标准值越低；高压旋喷桩的加固深度与承台宽度的比值I/B对复合地基沉降量的计算机有较大影响；用分层总和法计算机复合土层的沉降量时，复合压缩模量的不同计算方法，会使计算结果出现较大差异。     

关于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基压缩模量的探讨

通过工程实例,介绍了水泥土搅拌桩复合地基压缩模量的理论计算,通过实际沉降观测数据推导出水泥土搅拌桩复合地基压缩模量的实际值,并与天然地基的压缩模量进行对比,提出了水泥土搅拌桩复合地基压缩模量计算公式修正系数的概念。     

动力法计算振冲碎石桩桩体压缩模量

振冲碎石桩为散体结构,所形成的复合地基受垂直荷载后的变形较刚性桩复合地基要大,为研究振冲碎石桩复合地基的沉降规律,建立振冲器动力性能指标与碎石桩桩体强度的关系。根据压缩模量概念,结合振冲桩制桩工艺,建立桩体压缩模量与振冲器激振力、施工中的加密段长、加密电流及留振时间的关系式-动力法。采用动力法和载荷试验法所得的压缩模量在沉降量计算中进行对比,结果与按实际观测推算值的偏差均小于10%。     

模量对搅拌桩复合地基承载性能影响的数值研究

在现场试验的基础上,利用FLAC3D建立数值模拟模型,分别改变复合地基的褥垫层、持力层和桩体材料的模量,计算采用不同模量时复合地基的沉降以及桩土的应力,分析模量变化对复合地基承载力和沉降的影响规律。结果表明,褥垫层的材料和模量影响到桩间土承载力的发挥,褥垫层宜采用级配砂石,模量取值范围为20～50MPa。持力层模量增大可以提高复合地基承载力减小沉降,因此水泥土搅拌桩的桩端要进入到具有一定硬度的土层中,除软弱土外,其他土层做持力层其强度对复合地基承载力和沉降的影响不大。在一定范围内增大桩模量可以有效提高复合地基承载力减小沉降,采用水泥土搅拌桩加固软土地基时,桩的模量不要过大,建议取值范围为200～400MPa。     

CFG桩的承载力特性试验研究

通过CFG足尺桩的现场试验,测定了桩身轴力的分布以及桩侧摩阻力等参数,对复合地基沉降、桩身荷载的分担、桩身轴力的分布以及侧摩阻力进行了分析,揭示了CFG桩的受力特征。研究表明,按规范公式计算复合地基承载力特征值不大于现场载荷试验值,桩土应力比跟褥垫层材料的粒径、压缩模量成正比;CFG桩复合地基存在负摩阻力,与施工条件有较大关系。     

浅议岩土工程勘察中的几个问题

文章结合桂林市的几个工程实例，对岩土工程勘察中的有关抗剪强度c、ψ值的选用，地基承载力理论确定方法，及地基沉降计算等几个问题进行了粗浅的探讨，指出c、ψ的确定取决于不同岩土体和不同的试验方法，承载力的理论计算值须结合实际情况确定其适应性，在正确性取压缩模量和修正标准的基础上确定地基沉降量。     

CFG桩复合地基压缩模量计算方法探讨

CFG桩法在高层及多层建筑的地基处理中已有许多成功实例,在变形计算中,《建筑地基处理技术规范》（JGJ 79-2002）推荐使用复合模量法,并提供了计算复合土层压缩模量的应力比法公式。这里通过复合地基载荷试验资料,提出一种改进的面积比法公式。应用该法计算的复合地基沉降值,与建筑物的沉降观测值有较好的吻合度。     

用桩顶垫层压缩量法计算刚性桩复合地基最大沉降量

在分析刚性桩复合地基变形机制的基础上,提出采用桩顶垫层压缩量法计算复合地基的最大沉降量。计算中桩的沉降量根据以往桩的载荷试验资料由经验确定,主要计算桩顶垫层的压缩量,计算中考虑了垫层压缩模量随荷载水平的变化。将收集到有沉降观测资料的28个工程实例的计算结果列于表中,对其中的3个进行了详细介绍,计算结果与实测资料、规范法计算结果进行了比较。该法的计算结果更接近实测资料。     

高速铁路穿透型CFG桩复合地基沉降计算修正系数分析

为掌握铁路工程CFG桩复合地基在路堤荷载作用下的沉降计算修正系数变化特点,基于武汉－广州高速铁路24个路堤断面的地基沉降测试数据,结合地勘和设计参数,分析了地基沉降计算修正系数的变化规律及工后沉降的时间效应特征,结果表明,软弱土层浅薄的穿透型CFG桩复合地基具有优良的沉降控制效果,对应的地基沉降计算修正系数在0.63～0.17之间,较当量压缩模量相当的《铁路工程地基处理技术规范》推荐值偏低约1/3;地基沉降表现出显著的时间效应特征,地基工后沉降占最终沉降的比值有随时间逐渐降低的趋势;路堤填筑速率加快和地基布桩间距加大,对穿透型CFG桩复合地基工后沉降占最终沉降的比值有明显增大作用,地基沉降稳定所需的时间更长。     

CFG桩复合地基沉降计算方法的修正

在复合地基设计中,除满足地基承载力要求外,还要核算地基变形是否满足设计要求。目前,复合地基变形计算广泛采用的是地基处理规范中的半理论、半经验方法,但大量的沉降监测数据表明,工程中普遍应用的CFG桩复合地基的实际沉降值远远小于按规范计算方法得到的沉降值。针对现行规范中CFG桩复合地基沉降计算方法存在的问题,综合借鉴前人在天然地基和复合地基方面的研究,提出个人的见解和修正公式,以期达到安全可靠经济实用的目的,为以后CFG桩复合地基的沉降计算提供理论依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)