曹妃甸近海表层悬浮泥沙遥感定量监测研究

在曹妃甸近海水体实测光谱数据分析的基础上,与同步采集的水体悬浮泥沙浓度进行相关分析,选用合适的TM数据的遥感变量参数,根据2008年实测的四个剖面29个站点的海洋水色数据建立了水体悬浮泥沙浓度与TM数据对应的遥感定量反演模型,并用18个独立样本点进行了精度评价.研究结果表明:曹妃甸近海水体光谱曲线基本呈现单峰现象,敏感...     

Dynamics of coastal landform features along the southern Tamil Nadu of India by using remote sensing and Geographic Information System

This article reveals an application of multi-spectral satellite data for analysing the dynamics of different coastal landform features along the southern coastal Tamil Nadu of India. An integrated approach comprising visual image interpretation and maximum-likelihood supervised classification has been employed to classify the coastal landforms by using IRS data (during the period 1999–2006). The quality of image classification has been assessed by performing the accuracy assessments with the existing thematic maps and finally the coastal landforms have been mapped. The study reveals that the dynamics of coastal landforms such as sandy beaches, mud-flats, sand dunes and salt marshes along the study area are mostly influenced by the coastal processes, sediment transport, geomorphology and anthropogenic activities. Major anthropogenic sources for the perturbation of beach sediment budgets and a cause of beach erosion along the study area are excessive sand mining, removal of sand dunes, coastal urbanization, tourism and developmental activities.     

Evaluation of groundwater potential zones using Remote Sensing data in upper Vaigai river basin,Tamil Nadu,India

The area of upper Vaigai river basin covering parts of Madurai and Theni Districts, in Tamil Nadu, faces acute water scarcity and chronically drought prone. The groundwater resources in the area have not been fully exploited. The present investigation has been made to evaluate the potential zones for groundwater targeting using IRS - ID LISS III geocoded data on 1:50,000 scale. The geology, geomorphology, lineament tectonic maps are generated and integrated to evaluate the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of the upper Vaigai river basin and demarcate the groundwater potential zones. A number of geomorphic units have been observed. Out this the more groundwater prospective units are buried pediment medium, buried pediment deep, flood plain, bajada and lineament and intersection of lineaments. Non potential areas like pediment, pediment inselberg, shallow pediment and pediplain were identified.     

Impact of tsunami on aquaculture farms along the nagapattinam coast zone,Tamil Nadu,India

The tsunami waves triggered by underwater earthquake with a focal depth of 30 km near the Sumatra Island distressed the entire coast of Tamil Nadu. The worst affected coastal region is Nagapattinam, particularly from Nagoore to Vailankanni. The impact of tsunami had multidimensional effect, killing most of the fishermen communities, devastating the coastal huts and damaging the coastal aquaculture resources. The present study has been carried out to find the impact of tsunami on the aquaculture small farmland owners along the coast using pre (December 18, 2004) and post January 6, 2005) IRS P6 data. The study includes the extent of damage caused to the farms by saltwater intrusion; sand inundation, total destruction of farms. The results indicate that, there have been incredible damage caused to the farmers beyond recovery in short span of time.     

Remote sensing based agricultural drought assessment in Palar basin of Tamil Nadu state,India

Agricultural drought has been a recurrent phenomenon in many parts of India. Remote sensing plays a vital role in real time monitoring of the agricultural drought conditions over large area, there by effectively supplementing the ground mechanism. Conventional drought monitoring is based on subjective data. The satellite based monitoring such as National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) is based on the crop condition, which is an integrated effect of soil, effective rainfall, weather, etc. Drought causes changes in the external appearance of vegetation, which can clearly be identified (by their changed spectral response) and judged using satellite sensors through the use of vegetation indices. These indices are functions of rate of growth of the plants and are sensitive to the changes of moisture stress in vegetation. The satellite based drought assessment methodology was developed based on relationship obtained between previous year’s Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) profiles with corresponding agricultural performance available at district/block level. Palar basin, one of the major river basins in Tamil Nadu state was selected as the study area. The basin covers 3 districts, which contain 44 blocks. Wide Image Field Sensor (WiFS) of 188m spatial resolution from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data was used for the analysis. Satellite based vegetation index NDVI, was generated for Samba and Navarai seasons in the years 1998 and 1999. An attempt has been made to estimate the area under paddy. It was also observed that, there was reduction in the crop area as well as vigour in the vegetation in both Samba and Navarai seasons in 1999 when compared with 1998. Drought severity maps were prepared in GIS environment giving blockwise agricultural water deficiency status.     

宁武高速公路断裂构造遥感解译与评价研究

根据断裂构造的遥感解译标志,对宁武高速公路兴田互通—武夷山分水关段的断裂构造进行解译和分析,发现与所推荐的高速公路线路相交的大型断裂带5条,小型断裂28条;结合初测验证资料,确定了断裂构造对道路工程稳定性影响的评价指标,并以此分析、评价该线路走廊带NE、NEE向及NW向断层对推荐线路的具体影响。研究结果表明,评价指标可为路线的选择、道路的施工提供定量化参数,提高对断裂构造的认定。     

Aid of remote sensing in mapping geofractures of environmental significance in Tamil Nadu

Geofractures play a crucial role in environmental degradation and environmental pollution. Such geofractures were interpreted using LANDSAT and IRS 1A imagery and integrated with seismic, erosion and groundwater-chemistry data. The study shows that mostly the N-S and NE-SW trending fractures are prone to seismicity and pollutant migration while NE-SW and WNW-ESE trending faults are prone to soil erosion. The study further shows that mostly the Quaternary fractures/lineaments and the Quaternary reactivated Precambrian fractures are having a dominant control over such phenomena. On the basis of such studies, suggestions are made to take adequate care while dealing with such regions for resource exploitation and developmental purposes.     

基于卫星遥感的输油管廊沿线的地物识别研究

基于eCognition软件进行研究区域面向对象的信息提取,对研究区进行多尺度影像分割的实验,找到适合影像地物信息提取的尺度及参数、分类规则,并对研究区的影像数据进行验证,通过eCognition分类结果与传统分类和基于GBDT分类算法结果的对比,说明面向对象的特征提取算法更适用于几何信息和结构信息丰富的高分辨率图像.     

利用遥感方法对黑龙江沿岸建筑用地变化的检测

探讨利用遥感方法,采用不同时相的遥感及地形图数据,经技术处理,对黑龙江沿岸部分地区的建筑用地的变化进行检测,并对检测的结果进行分析论证。     

Geology amd drainage analysis of the area between peram-balur and padalur in the Trichinopoly District,Tamil Nadu

Photogeological studies of the area shows the presence of four major lithological groups as : 1. Precambrian basement made up of granitic gneisses and Charnockites, 2. The Utatur Group of rocks, 3. The Trichinopoly Group of rocks and 4. The Ariyalur Group of rocks. Some prominant lineaments roughly trending in NE-SW direction are seen. These lineaments represent the traces of the reactivated faults in the basemeht. The photogeological studies were supplemented by morphometric analyses. It is seen that the drainage in lower order basins is controlled by structure, i.e. by the strike of the rocks and faults in the basement. The higher order streams apparently follow the direction of regional gradient.     

我国遥感科学与技术发展现状

本文主要介绍了我国遥感科学与技术发展的现状,包括航天和航空对地观测体系、地面卫星数据接收体系和遥感空间数据处理。涉及机载POS、三维激光扫描与成像、遥感成像机理与定量化反演、高光谱卫星影像处理、高空间分辨率卫星影像处理、多时相多传感器卫星影像处理、雷达影像处理与雷达干涉测量等技术。     

Application of Landsat and aerial data for evaluating the hydrogeologic conditions of Pambar River Sub-Basin,Tamil Nadu

Landsat Falsle-Colour composites of 250,000 scale were used for evaluating the hydrogeologic conditions of Pambar River Sub-Basin. The region studied is comprised of crystalline metamorphic rocks. Oval features and Lineaments suspected to be the potential zones for ground water exploration were mapped from Landsat images. These areas were studied in detail using aerial photographs of 1:60,000 scale followed by field checks. Integrating the geology, geomorphology, landuse and geophysical data a final hydrogeologic conditions of the area was evaluated. The study indicates that the oval features mapped from Landsat images are the structural basins. Though many wells are located on the linear features, the yields of the wells are low due to mineralization. Against the general view that the sturcltural basins will have good ground water potential, it is interesting to note that the basins located within Pambar River Sub-Basin does not show good potential possibilities. The favourable geomorphic units such as buried channels, buried pediments, etc., are the only potential reservoirs available in this area.     

Flood intensity and land evaluation in the Cauvery delta,Tamil Nadu,applying modern remote sensing techniques

An area of about 7500 km² covering Cauvery delta has been studied from airphotos (1:60,000), Landsats (1:250,000) and survey of India topographic sheets (1:50,000) with a view to delineate various landforms, soils, land use, hydromorphic units, drainage, and flood intensity of the delta. The delta is composed of mainly ancient channels, delta p ains, fossil islands, levees, beach ridges, mangroves marshes and coastal dunes. The various soil types are clayey soils, silty soils, silty loams, sandy loams, coastal sands and alkaline clays. Paddy and sugarcane are dominant crops. The old channels are found to be zones of high ground water potential. The growth of delta seems to be from south to north with twelve abandoned meander lobes and three delta fronts with gradual influx of material into Bay of Bengal. The old rivet courses lying parallel to the present active Coleroon river in third stage of the growth of the delta seem to be severely affected by floods. Moderate to low growth is noticeable in the second stage of the of the delta. The oldest river course which debouched into Bay of Bengal near Adirama-patnam is less affected by floods. The delta plains, fossil islands, disturbed ridges and beach ridges are unaffected. Basing on landforms, soils, land use, hydrogeomorphology and flood intensity the land capability of the delta has been evaluated. About seven classes of land are interpreted.     

基于RS的林芝-加查段泥石流源地信息提取

为研究泥石流灾害对西藏雅鲁藏布江林芝-加查段沿线的影响与危害,基于遥感手段开展了林芝-加查段沿线泥石流源地物源及冰川水文信息特征的提取研究与分析。研究结果表明:林芝-加查段沿线泥石流源地物源分布具有不均匀性;源地冰川分布具有不平衡性;沿线泥石流源地的物源在冰川融水及冰川型泥石流过后更加发育,积累的松散物质更加丰富,导致泥石流源地物源进一步复活并产生大量新物源,从而使沿线泥石流发生频率增高,规模增大。     

Ground Water Quality Maps of Paravanar River Sub Basin,Cuddalore District,Tamil Nadu,India

Ground water is an excellent solvent, which dissolves chemicals ions as it moves through rocks and subsurface soil. This leads to more mineralization in groundwater than surface water. The objective of the present study is to examine the groundwater quality of the Paravanar River Sub-basin, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) values ranges between 160 and 2,580 μS/cm in groundwater samples. The highest value of 2,580 μS/cm was recorded in wells near the coast. pH values ranges from 7.2 to 8.6. NNE and southern part of the study area has low pH values, rest of the area represents the alkaline nature of groundwater. In south eastern part of the study area alkali values are slightly higher but it is within WHO’s tolerable limits. The spatial distribution of chloride concentration shows that Meenatchipettai, Vazhisothani palayam and Allapakkam represents maximum Cl₂ concentration of 527, 320 and 374 ppm, which is above ISI drinking standards of 250 ppm. Increase in isochlore is observed from the coast up to the Neyveli lignite mine. Nitrate concentration of groundwater samples ranges from 0.1 mg/l to 64 mg/l. As most of the study area is cultivated, fertilizers used for agriculture may be the cause for increase in concentration of nitrates in few concentrated locations.     

《激光遥感》课程设计与思考

《激光遥感》课程是武汉大学遥感信息工程学院2010年本科生培养方案中设置的一门专业必修课,它面向本科学生提供LiDAR技术的学习和实践。针对教学大纲和LiDAR技术特点,分析了该课程的培养目标和重点,提出了课程建设方案。