大别山北部榴辉岩的大地构造属性及冷却史

岩石地球化学及同位素年代学研究表明，大别山北部榴辉岩的大部分属印支期扬子俯冲陆壳（下地壳）的一部分；大致沿磨子潭－晓天断裂附近分布的含榴辉岩、大理岩和变质橄榄岩的镁铁－超镁失质岩带可能代表扬子与华北2个大陆板块之间的变质构造混杂岩带，它应接近于扬子与华北2个大陆板块之间的缝合线（镁铁－超镁铁质岩带以北），而五河－水吼剪切带则可能代表扬子腐冲陆壳内部的1条拆离带或滑脱带。冷却史研究表明，大别山北部榴辉岩峰期变质后初期（230－210Ma)仅抬升到下地壳水平，因而未经历降温过程并具有比大别山南部榴辉岩较低的抬升速率，峰期变质后较慢的抬升速率及相应的近于等温或局部升温阶段也许是造成大别山北部榴辉岩与南部超高压带中榴辉岩差异的重要原因之一；同时，也许是研究区榴辉岩很少见有保留早期超高压变质证据的重要原因。     

PTtD Path and Fluid Evolution of HighPressure Eclogites from the Dabie Mountains,Central East China

１．Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ＴｈｅＱｉｎｌｉｎｇＤａｂｉｅｏｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｙｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａａｎｄＹａｎｇｔｚｅｂｌｏｃｋｓ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｅｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｏｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｓｅｖｅｒａｌｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｒｏｃｋｇｒｏｕｐｓ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｈｅＤａｂｉｅ（Ｔｏｎｇｂａｉ）ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ,Ｈｏｎｇ’ａｎ（Ｓｕｓｏｎｇ）ｇｒｏｕｐ,ＳｕｊｉａｈｅｇｒｏｕｐａｎｄＳｕｉｘｉａｎ（Ｙａｏ…     

大别山北部榴辉岩的退变质特征及其地质意义

研究了大别山北部榴辉岩的变质岩岩石学。结果表明，该区榴辉岩相变质作用可分为早期(超高压)和晚期(高压)两个阶段，并在折返过程中形成了一系列特征性的退变质显微构造。其中，退变质结构主要包括：(1)由于压力降低而出溶形成的一些定向针状或叶片状矿物包裹体，如钠质单斜辉石中石英及石榴子石中的金红石、单斜辉石和磷灰石等；(2)冠状体或后成合晶，特别是石榴子石外围发育两期(“双层”)后成合晶；(3)反应边或退变边，如绿辉石的透辉石退变边、透辉石的角闪石退变边和金红石的钛铁矿退变边等。这些退变质结构为本区榴辉岩高级变质岩的快速折返过程和抬升历史提供了强有力的岩石学依据；石榴子石中针状矿物出溶体进一步证明研究区榴辉岩早期经历了超高压变质作用，峰期变质压力应大干4．0GPa，甚至可能达到5～7GPa或更高。     

TEM and HRTEM Study of Microstructures in Omphacite from UHP Eclogites at Shima, Dabie Mountains, China

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analyses have been performed on omphacite from ultra-high pressure (UHP) eclogites at the locality of Shima, Dabie Mountains, China. TEM reveals that the microstructures consist dominantly of dislocation substructures, including free dislocations, loops, tiltwalls, dislocation tangles and subboundaries. They were produced by high-temperature ductile deformation, of which the main mechanism was dislocation creep. Antiphase domain (APD) boundaries are common planar defects; an age of 470±6 Ma for UHP eclogite formation has been obtained from the equiaxial size of APDs in ordered omphacites from Shima, coincident with ages given by single-zircon U-Pb dating (471±2 Ma). HRTEM reveals C2/c and P2ln space groups in different parts of one single omphacite crystal, and no exsolution is observed in the studied samples, which is attributed to rapid cooling. It is suggested that the UHP eclogites underwent a long     

Retrogressive Microstructures of the Eclogites from the Northern Dabie Mountains, Central China： Evidence for Rapid Exhumation

The ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from the northern Dabie Mountains in central China occurred as tectonic lens or blocks within granitic gneisses or meta-peridotites. Petrologic studies suggest that the studied eclogites experienced strongly retrogressive metamorphism and produced a series of characteristic retrogressive microstructures. The retrograde structures mainly include: (1) oriented needle mineral exsolution, e. g. , quartz needles in Na-clinopyroxene and rotile, clinopyroxene and apatite exsolution in garnet formed under decreasing pressure conditions during exhumation; (2) symplectite, especially, two generations of symplectites developed outside the garnet grains, which are called ““double symplectite““ here; (3) compositional zoning of minerals such as garnet and clinopyroxene; (4) minerals with a reaction rim or retrograde rim, e.g. , omphacite with a diopside rim, diopside with an amphibole rim and rutile with a rim of ilmenite. These retrograde textures, especially mineral zoning and symplectite, provide important petrologic evidence for the exhumation process and uplift of high-grade metamorphic rocks such as eclogite in the northern Dabie Mountains, indicating a rapid exhumation process.     

大别高压和超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的透射电镜研究

近年来有关大别山超高压变质岩的研究取得了重要进展。但对榴辉岩的显微和超微构造的研究仍然不足。榴辉岩主要由石榴石和绿辉石组成,其中石榴石基本上相当于刚性体,除非在很高温条件下石榴石才发生韧性变形［１～４］。因此,笔者对高压和超高压榴辉岩中的绿辉石进行了...     

安徽大别山北部榴辉岩的分布及主要特征

安徽大别山北部新发现的榴辉岩主要产于花岗质片麻岩及基性—超基性岩中 ,与大别山南部的榴辉岩在产出围岩、矿物组成及地球化学特征等方面均十分相似。现今榴辉岩南多北少的分布 ,主要是在中生代热隆构造体制下剧烈差异抬升剥蚀 ,中生代花岗岩大面积侵位所致。     

大别山榴辉岩氢氧同位素组成及其地球动力学意义

碧溪岭榴辉岩石至少经历了５个阶段的变质作用，矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果与通过岩石学方法计算的温度吻合得非常好，表明碧溪岭榴辉岩体中大部分同位素体系接近或达到平衡，且退变质作用未明显破坏这种平衡，榴辉岩全岩δ＾１８Ｏ为３‰～５‰指示其母岩玄武岩曾与地表水在变质作用之前发生过一定程度的交换作用。     

大别山北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中榴辉岩的分布与变质温压条件

大别山北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中的榴辉岩主要有两种产状,一是产于变形较强(面理化)的橄榄岩中,另一种是产于片麻岩中。其中,绿辉石中硬玉端元组分大多为Jd=20mol％～52mol％。产于橄榄岩和片麻岩中榴辉岩的石榴子石成分分别相当于Coleman的B型和C型榴辉岩。石榴子石成分特征及钠质单斜辉石中石英针状出溶体的出现表明,本区榴辉岩早期可能经历过超高压变质作用,且至少经历了3个变质阶段,即:①榴辉岩相峰期变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为石榴子石+绿辉石+金红石±蓝晶石+石英(或柯石英假象?),p≥2.5GPa、t=595～874℃;②高压麻粒岩相变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为石榴子石+透辉石+紫苏辉石+钛铁矿+尖晶石+斜长石等,p=1.1～1.37GPa、t=817～909℃;③角闪岩相变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为角闪石+斜长石+磁铁矿等,p=0.5～0.6GPa、t=500～600℃。该区榴辉岩独特的麻粒岩相退变质阶段,表明榴辉岩在折返初期并未能上升到中上地壳,而处于下地壳,它与南部超高压变质岩有不同的p-t演化史,即在榴辉岩相峰期变质之后经历了近等温减压(或稍升温减压)和降温减压变质过程。     

大别山北部榴辉岩和英云闪长质片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄及多期变质增生

大别山北部榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明：北部榴辉岩相峰期变质时代为226～230Ma左右;北部塔儿河一带英云闪长质片麻岩经历过印支期变质事件;大别山北部与南部超高压岩石中一致的（226～230Ma）高压或超高压变质年龄表明,北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中部分岩石也曾作为扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分,在印支期发生过高压或超高压变质作用;本区锆石发生过两期变质增生事件,一是印支期高压或超高压变质,另一期是燕山期热变质事件;榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的原岩形成时代为晚元古代;锆石U-Pb年龄可用多期变质增生模型来解释。     

Transformation of garnet epidote amphibolite to eclogite, western Dabie Mountains, China

Omphacite and garnet coronas around amphibole occur in amphibolites in the Hong'an area, western Dabie Mountains, China. These amphibolites consist of an epidote–amphibolite facies assemblage of amphibole, garnet, albite, clinozoisite, paragonite, ilmenite and quartz, which is incompletely overprinted by an eclogite facies assemblage of garnet, omphacite and rutile. Coronas around amphibole can be divided into three types: an omphacite corona; a garnet–omphacite–rutile corona; and, a garnet–omphacite corona with less rutile. Chemographic analysis for local reaction domains in combination with petrographical observations show that reactions Amp + Ab + Pg = Omp +Czo + Qtz + H₂O, and Amp + Ab = Omp ± Czo + Qtz + H₂O may lead to the development of omphacite coronas. The garnet–omphacite–rutile corona was formed from the reaction Amp + Ab + Czo + Ilm ± Qtz = Omp + Grt + Rt + H₂O. In garnet–omphacite coronas, the garnet corona grew during an early stage of epidote amphibolite facies metamorphism, whereas omphacite probably formed by the reactions forming the omphacite corona during the eclogite facies stage. It is estimated that these reactions occurred at 0.8–1.4 GPa and 480–610 °C using the garnet–clinopyroxene thermometer and omphacite barometer in the presence of albite.     

U—Pb Dating of Marble Assoicated With Eclogite from the Dabie Mountains,East China

Marble is associated with ultrahigh pressure eclogite in the Dabie Mountains, East China. U-Pb isotope data for the marble define a²³⁸U-²⁰⁶Pb isochron age of 435 ± 45 Ma with an initial²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb value of 18.075 ± 0.006. The age of ∼435 Ma is interpreted to represent the time of limestone diagenesis rather than the time of metamorphic resetting accompanied by the formation of the ultrahigh pressure eclogites at Triassic. The paleontologic and stratigraphic studies also favor a local excursion in the carbon isotopic composition of the latest Ordovician water within a sedimentary basin between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. Because the latest Ordovician limestone was involved in the eclogite formation, the continental collision between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean plates would postdate Ordovician. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Role of Water in Deformed Omphacite in UHP Eclogite from the Dabie Mountains, Eastern China

Omphacite grains from UHP eclogite of the Dabie Mountains in eastern China are elongated and show strong lattice preferred orientations (LPOs). Observations by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified not only structures of plastic deformation occurring as free dislocation, dislocation loops and dislocation walls, but also bubbles of water present in the deformed omphacite. The bubbles attach to the dislocation loops which are often connected to one another via a common bubble. Using infrared spectroscopy (IR), two types of hydrous components are identified as hydroxyl and free-water in the omphacite. An analysis of deformation mechanism of microstructure in omphacite suggests that the mineral deformed plastically under UHP metamorphic conditions by dislocation creep through hydrolitic weakening.     

大别山苏家河地区榴辉岩和大理岩的地球化学研究

对大别山西段苏家河地区熊店和杨冲低温榴辉岩及胡家湾榴闪岩进行了详细的氢、氧和锶、钕同位素以及稀土元素和矿物化学分析。熊店榴辉岩和胡家湾榴闪岩的全岩δ＾１８Ｏ值较高（８．８‰￣１１．２‰）,而杨冲榴辉岩的全岩δ＾１８Ｏ值较低（４．３‰）,它们的全岩δＤ值为－５５‰￣７５‰。结合锶、钕同位素和稀土元素组成特征,推测苏家河榴辉岩（榴闪岩）的原岩可能为岛弧玄武岩,变质前曾与海水在不同温度下进行过氢、氧同位     

Well-preserved garnet growth zoning in granulite from the Dabie Mountains, central China

Ultra-high pressure eclogites and granulites both occur in the Dabie Mountains, central China. A garnet porphyroblast from felsic granulite in the Dabie Mountains has been analysed for compositional zoning by electron microprobe. Two segments of the porphyroblast have opposite compositional variations. Segment I (from centre outward 9  mm to analytical point 18) has decreasing X_Sps and increasing X_Pyr, while Segment II (from analytical point 18, 1  mm outward to the rim) has increasing X_Sps and X_Alm and decreasing X_Pyr and X_Grs. The compositional zoning in segment I is considered as growth zoning and that in Segment II as diffusive retrograde zoning. Garnet growth zoning records a P–T  path prior to the peak granulite metamorphism. The minimum P – T  conditions are estimated to be 1.35  GPa and 850  °C for peak metamorphism, based on the highest Mg/(Fe+Mg) composition in the garnet (analytical point 18) and matrix hypersthene, biotite and plagioclase. A symplectitic corona surrounds the porphyroblast and appears to have formed at 0.6  GPa and 700  °C. The well-preserved growth zoning in garnet suggests a short residence time for the granulite at peak metamorphism and thus rapid tectonic uplift history. The P–T  path is consistent with that of ultra-high-pressure eclogite in the area. Tectonic movements during a collisional event could have brought both the granulite and the eclogite to their present positions.     

大别山金河桥榴辉岩的精细P-T轨迹与多阶段折返

大别山金河桥榴辉岩的岩石学和矿物学资料记录了5个阶段的变质作用,除第一阶段代表峰期变质作用外,其余变质阶段均属退变质过程。根据各变质阶段矿物组合的矿物成分分析,应用适当的温度压力计,估算出各变质阶段的变质温度和压力,第一阶段的变质温压条件为T=797℃和P=3．50GPa;第二阶段的变质温压条件为T=667℃和P=2．72GPa,第三阶段的变质温压条件为T=660℃,P=1．50GPa;第四阶段的变质温压条件为T=616℃和P=1．10GPa;第五阶段的温压条件为T=450—550℃。P=0．40～0．70GPa。根据岩石学P-T轨迹和最近发表的年代学数据,归纳出一条较精细的P-T-t轨迹,包括快速降温降压→极快速等温降压→相对快速降温降压→慢速降温降压等四段,代表了从地下115km折返出露地表的四阶段折返过程。     

阿尔金西段榴辉岩岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究及其构造意义

阿尔金西段的榴辉岩呈透镜状产于角闪岩相为特征的长英质片麻岩和泥质片麻岩中,岩相学研究和反应结构显示它经历了峰期的榴辉岩相、减压过程中的高压麻粒岩相和角闪岩相变质作用。峰期榴辉岩相的变质条件为t=710～850℃,p>1.5GPa。在退变质早期,通过绿辉石分解成相对贫钠的单斜辉石及斜长石后成合晶,榴辉岩转变成高压麻粒岩,局部的平衡组合显示其t=700～800℃,p=1.1～1.4GPa。晚期的退变质作用使麻粒岩组合转变成由韭闪石、韭闪石质普通角闪石和斜长石所组成的角闪岩相平衡共生组合,其平衡变质条件为t=620～740℃,p=0.65～0.95GPa。榴辉岩的微量及稀土元素分析显示其原岩主要具有“T”型大洋玄武岩特征,少量具有堆晶岩性质。保存较好榴辉岩的全岩及Sm-Nd矿物等时线测定获得500±10Ma的年龄;其变质锆石的U-Pb年龄为503.9±5.3Ma,两者基本一致的年龄数据反映了榴辉岩的峰期变质时代,从而表明了阿尔金西段加里东期与深俯冲和陆-陆碰撞作用有关的山根的存在。通过与柴达木北缘存在的类似的榴辉岩的对比,估算出阿尔金断裂的左行位移为400km。     

大别造山带超高压变质岩折返隆升的地层学证据—毛坦厂组榴辉岩砾石的启示

大别山北缘地区发育厚达近万米的中新生代碎屑岩，它们记录着大别山造山带和在株罗纪以来的演化历史。在安徽省六安地区毛坦厂组中，发现多块榴辉岩砾石。砾石新鲜，质地坚硬，表明属于第一旋回砾石。榴辉岩由石榴子石、多硅白云母、绿帘石、石英、金红石等组成。具有明显的退变质作用，发育以钠长石和闪石类组成的后合成晶、以及石榴子石周边的次为边。石榴子石以铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石为主，恪地C类榴辉岩。根据其特征应该属于大别山南部和北部超高压榴辉岩。毛坦厂组层位确切，古生物化石和同位素年龄都表明以晚株罗世为主，这一发现表明，在晚株罗世，以榴辉岩为代表的造山带根部物质，即：超高压变质岩已经出露地表，并作为毛坦厂组的物源。因此，大别造山带超高压为质岩折返到地表，最迟在晚株罗世。     

大别山北部榴辉岩的Sm-Nd年龄测定及其对麻粒相退变质时间的制约

报道了大别山北部三个榴辉岩样品的矿物 Sm- Nd等时线年龄，它们分别为 (210± 6) Ma或 (214± 6) Ma、 (208± 38) Ma和 (208± 4) Ma。氧同位素研究表明，这些样品中的石榴子石与绿辉石之间处于氧同位素平衡状态，因此，该 Sm- Nd等时线定年结果可靠。本区榴辉岩的高压麻粒岩相退变质阶段的冷却年龄为 210 Ma左右；榴辉岩的钕同位素初始比ε Nd(t)(两个样品一个为－ 10左右，另一个为－ 2)基本上表现为陆壳岩石特征，可能类似于南部超高压带中的榴辉岩，为印支期扬子陆壳俯冲变质成因。它们的全岩δ 18O值较低，为＋ 2.4‰～＋ 3.6‰，可能指示其原岩同大别山南部超高压带中榴辉岩一样，在板块俯冲之前，经受过高温地表水热液蚀变。年代学结果表明，大别山北部榴辉岩在 230～ 210 Ma期间经历的是一等温或升温过程，这与大别山南部含柯石英榴辉岩在这一时期的快速冷却过程形成强烈对比，这对理解俯冲陆壳中不同构造岩片折返过程的差异有重要意义。     

大别山西部河南罗山熊店加里东期榴辉岩锆石特征及SHRIMP分析结果

熊店榴辉岩产于大别山西部苏家河构造混杂岩带内,是典型的高压一超高压中温榴辉岩。作者应用岩学结合阴极发光和扫描电镜方法,较系统地研究了榴辉岩中锆石在岩石中的赋存状态、内部结构及表面特征。锆石主要产于石榴子石等变质矿物内,与主晶界面清晰,具有多晶面等变质锆石特有形貌特征,内部均或发育变质生长结构,从而说明它们是变质作用的产物。ＳＨＲＩＭＰ分析表明,锆石＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２３８Ｕ年龄为３３５～４２４Ｍａ,