面向移动空间信息服务的可移植嵌入式GIS平台

智能终端和移动互联网的快速发展使得移动空间信息服务成为数字城市和数字地球的重要内容,而各种基于定位导航的嵌入式地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)也逐步成为这类信息服务的主要方式.分析了现代移动空间信息服务的特征,采用层次式模块化的方法,介绍了基于GIS的可移植抽象层、多元数据存储模型、电子地图显示引擎和高性能应用服务引擎等关键模块的设计,设计了可移植的嵌入式GIS平台,为通用的移动空间信息服务移动端的应用开发提供了一个切实可行的方案.      

Spatial analysis of the mining and transport of rock minerals (aggregates) in the context of regional development

Rock minerals such as dimension and crushed stones and sands and gravels (aggregates) are indispensable materials for the building and construction industries. The growth in demand for these resources causes intensification of mining operations (and their consequent environmental impacts) and transport problems in regions abundant in rock minerals. The balanced management of these resources by regional policy-makers is difficult as it requires, among other things, comprehensive and up-to-date information on the spatial distribution and temporal changes of available reserves, demand, production, and transport. This information can be provided by means of spatial and temporal analyses through geographic information systems (GIS). In this research, the focus is on the following aspects of rock mineral (aggregates) resources and mining management in the context of regional spatial planning in the example region of Lower Silesia in Poland: the spatial and temporal changes in distribution and intensity of mining, the availability of economic reserves in active mines, the magnitude and distribution of road transport flows of aggregates, the potential of railways as an alternative means of transport, and the valorisation of undeveloped aggregates deposits to assess their suitability for future use. For the purposes of this study, cartographic models have been developed using GIS to facilitate analyses of these mineral resources, mining, and transport. The results of these analyses provide current and comprehensive information on the state of aggregates mineral resources, production and transport in the Lower Silesia region. They also give an insight into availability of rock mineral resources for the future. Knowledge of these processes is important for spatial development planning, especially physical infrastructure, conducted by national, regional, and local governments.     

用Flash实现空间数据发布的客户端封装

基于互联网的地理空间数据发布应用越来越广阔,本文提供了一种以Flash为地理信息空间数据发布的客户端的应用实例,可结合传统地理信息系统平台发布工具使用,可实现更强的界面表现和功能封装,改善传统地理信息系统平台提供的客户端的诸多不足.     

GIS技术在区域地下水资源信息系统中的应用研究

作为GIS技术应用的一个方向,基于MAPGIS地理信息系统的二次开发,利用强大的空间分析和空间数据库管理能力,实现了区域地下水资源信息管理系统。充分利用GIS的空间信息管理的优势,以西藏重要经济和农业综合开发区——“一江两河”地区年楚河流域的江孜县为例,首次对区域地下水资源信息管理进行了研究应用。     

GIS数据用于复杂边坡三维极限平衡稳定分析

利用基于GIS（Geographic Information System,地理信息系统）栅格数据的三维极限平衡分析模型,可以充分考虑边坡的三维复杂空间特性。经过数据的获得、数据的处理、模型的建立和稳定性分析,不但给出了边坡的三维安全系数,而且给出了危险滑动面上的滑动力分布矢量图。结果表明,滑动面上力的分布极不均匀,呈现明显的复杂空间特性。     

基于SOA的GIS应用框架

由于现有的框架及开发模式较难灵活地完成地理信息服务和应用系统多层次的融合,也难以快速地构建Web下地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)平台的应用系统.提出了一种新的基于面向服务架构思想(service-oriented architecture,SOA)的GIS应用框架,通过将工作流引入到空间信息处理中,并结合面向服务的业务端构造模式来简化用户GIS应用系统开发模式.并在此基础上实现了由系统框架、工作流引擎和表单3部分组成的面向SOA的GIS应用框架.实际应用表明,基于面向服务架构的GIS工作流能灵活的为不同的应用提供不同粒度和不同功能组合的地理信息服务,而基于SOA的表单能快速地构建业务系统,它们为GIS软件的集成和应用开发提供了一种新的思维.      

基于GIS技术实现地学信息数字化

GIS是一项借助于计算机实现的高新技术,是实现管理和研究空间数据的技术系统.围绕着这项技术的研究、开发和应用形成了一门交叉性、边缘性的学科.GIS是一个包含了计算机软件、硬件、地理数据和专业人员的系统,GIS是数字地球的关键技术和核心组成部分.它是采集、储存、管理、分析、描述、显示、应用空间和地理分布有关数据的信息系统,是数据分析、融合与整合技术,已广泛运用于地学领域,并获得巨大成功.     

Fast Web - Based Data Transmission

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环境模拟和GIS集成的初步研究

GIS与环境模拟在技术、研究内容、方法上的进一步集成,具有广泛的应用前景.以开展的流域土壤和水资源研究模型的集成和系统化及其应用项目的实际工作,说明了环境模拟和GIS技术集成的必然性;从GIS技术的发展,环境模拟模型的改进与完善,数据的初始化与管理等方面系统地论述了环境模拟模型和GIS集成的必要性.通过现有集成模式的分析,对二者集成的概念框架以及不同的集成方式进行了概念性的描述,结合研究项目给出了集成示例.     

Volunteered geographic information: future research directions motivated by critical, participatory, and feminist GIS

New interactive web services are dramatically altering the way in which ordinary citizens can create digital spatial data and maps, individually and collectively, to produce new forms of digital spatial data that some term ‘volunteered geographic information’ (VGI). This article examines the early literature on this phenomenon, illustrating its shared propositions that these new technologies are part of shifts in the social and technological processes through which digital spatial data are produced, with accompanying implications for the content and characteristics of geospatial data, and the social and political practices promoted through their use. I illustrate how these debates about VGI conceive of spatial data as socially embedded, and suggest ways in which future research might productively draw upon conceptualizations from participatory, feminist, and critical GIS research that have emerged from similar foundations.     

在MAPINFO中实现地质勘查科研成果管理

主要介绍了在"科研项目成果管理数据库系统"项目中MAPBASIC编程方法,使有关地理信息在GIS软件中显示、应用,达到项目管理图文并茂的效果.     

Development of a 3D GIS and its application to karst areas

There is a growing interest in modeling and analyzing karst phenomena in three dimensions. This paper integrates geology, groundwater hydrology, geographic information system (GIS), database management system (DBMS), visualization and data mining to study karst features in Huaibei, China. The 3D geo-objects retrieved from the karst area are analyzed and mapped into different abstract levels. The spatial relationships among the objects are constructed by a dual-linker. The shapes of the 3D objects and the topological models with attributes are stored and maintained in the DBMS. Spatial analysis was then used to integrate the data in the DBMS and the 3D model to form a virtual reality (VR) to provide analytical functions such as distribution analysis, correlation query, and probability assessment. The research successfully implements 3D modeling and analyses in the karst area, and meanwhile provides an efficient tool for government policy-makers to set out restrictions on water resource development in the area.     

Genetic Modeling of GIS-Based Cell Clusters and Its Application in Mineral Resources Prediction

This paper presents a synthetic analysis method for multi-sourced geological data from geo-graphic information system (GIS). In the previous practices of mineral resources prediction, a usually adopted methodology has been statistical analysis of cells delimitated based on thoughts of random sam-pling. That might lead to insufficient utilization of local spatial information, for a cell is treated as a point without internal structure. We now take “cell dusters“, L e. , spatial associations of cells, as basic units of statistics, thus the spatial configuration information of geological variables is easier to be detected and utilized, and the accuracy and reliability of prediction are improved. We build a linear multi-discriminating model for the dusters via genetic algorithm. Both the right-judgment rates and the in-class vs. betweewclass distance ratios are considered to form the evolutional adaptive values of the population. An application of the method in gold mineral resoerces prediction in east Xinjiang, China is presented.     

Mapping of groundwater prospective zones integrating remote sensing,geographic information systems and geophysical techniques in El-Qaà Plain area,Egypt

The geospatial mapping of groundwater prospective zones is essential to support the needs of local inhabitants and agricultural activities in arid regions such as El-Qaà area, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The study aims to locate new wells that can serve to cope with water scarcity. The integration of remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and geophysical techniques is a breakthrough for groundwater prospecting. Based on these techniques, several factors contributing to groundwater potential in El-Qaà Plain were determined. Geophysical data were supported by information derived from a digital elevation model, and from geologic, geomorphologic and hydrologic data, to reveal the promising sites. All the spatial data that represent the contributing factors were integrated and analyzed in a GIS framework to develop a groundwater prospective model. An appropriate weightage was specified to each factor based on its relative contribution towards groundwater potential, and the resulting map delineates the study area into five classes, from very poor to very good potential. The very good potential zones are located in the Quaternary deposits, with flat to gentle topography, dense lineaments and structurally controlled drainage channels. The groundwater potential map was tested against the distribution of groundwater wells and cultivated land. The integrated methodology provides a powerful tool to design a suitable groundwater management plan in arid regions.     

航天技术在测绘、遥感和地理信息系统中的应用

简要叙述航天技术在测绘、遥感和地理信息系统中的应用现状与潜力，包括利用定位卫星的空间大地测量进行各种精度的定位测量，利用各种传感器的航天遥感进行多时相的对地观测和测图。在此基础上构成全球的、区域的和国家级的各种地理信，包系统，以满足资源调查、环境保护、灾害防治和全球变化监测的需要。从四化建设和社会持续发展需要出发，对如何发展航天应用技术提出了建设性建议。测绘、遥感和地理信息系统是一个技术十分密集、服务范围极广的先行性、基础性地理信息产业。由于计算机科学和空间科学的迅猛发展，使得测绘、遥感和地理信息系统在数据获取、信息传输、数据处理、成果显示、表达和应用诸方面更多地依赖电子计算机技术和航天技术，并逐步形成了地理信息科学和地理信息产业。     

GIS Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Water Systems in Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Modeling landscape with high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in a geographic information system can provide essential morphological and structural information for modeling surface processes such as geomorphologic process and water systems. This paper introduces several DEM-based spatial analysis processes applied to characterize spatial distribution and their interactions of ground and surface water systems in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. The stream networks and drainage basin systems were derived from the DEM with 30 m resolution and the regularities of the surface stream and drainage patterns were modeled from a statistical/multifractal point of view. Together with the elevation and slope of topography, other attributes defmed from modeling the stream system, and drainage networks were used to associate geological, hydrological and topographical features to water flow in river systems and the spatial locations of artesian aquifers in the study area. Stream flow data derived from daily flow measurements recorded at river gauging stations for multi-year period were decomposed into “drainage-area dependent“ and “drainage-area independent“ flow components by two-step “frequency“ and “spatial“ analysis processes. The latter component was further demonstrated to relate most likely to the ground water discharge. An independent analysis was conducted to model the distribution of aquifers with information derived from the records of water wells. The focus was given on quantification of the likelihood of ground water discharge to river and ponds through flowing wells, springs and seepages. It has been shown that the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a unique glacial deposit that serves as a recharge layer and that the aquifers in the ORM underlain by Hilton Tills and later deposits exposed near the steep slope zone of the ridges of ORM provide significant discharge to the surface water systems (river flow and ponds) through flowing wells, springs and seepages. Various statistics (cross- and auto-correlation coefficients, fractal R/S exponent) were used in conjunction with GIS to demonstrate the influence of land types, topography and geometry of drainage basins on short- and long-term persistence of river flows as well as responding time to precipitation events. The current study has provided not only insight in understanding the interaction of water systems in the GTA, but also a base for further establishment of an on-line GIS system for predicting spatial-temporal changes of river flow and groundwater level in the GTA.     

航天技术在测绘、遥感和地理信息系统中的应用

简要叙述航天技术在测缓、遥感和地理信息系统中的应用现状与潜力，包括利用定位卫星的空间大地测量进行各种精度的定位测量，利用各种传感器的航天遥感进行多时相的对地观测和测图。在此基础上构成全球的、区域的和国家级的各种地理信息系统，以满足资源调查、环境保护、灾害防治和全球变化监测的需要。从四化建设和社会持续发展需要出发，对如何发展航天应用技术提出了建设性建议。测绘、遥感和地理信息系统是一个技术十分密集、服     

基于MAPGIS的军事标图系统的设计

军事领域是一个非常特殊的行业，信息的安全性和空间数据的多样性是应用开发的重要问题。在全球信息化日趋高速发展和逐步成熟的今天，军队信息化建设也必须与GIS技术紧密结合，跟上时代前进的步伐。较系统地研究了GIS技术在军事标图绘制中的应用和集成问题，并提供了相应的理论方法和实现系统。在此基础上介绍了以MAPGIS为开发平台的军事标绘系统的实用功能和特点。首先分析了军事信息系统对地理信息数据的要求，并且评述了相关领域的研究现状。然后较为系统地介绍了军事标图系统的总体设计，根据军事标绘对象的数据特征，设计符合要求的应用系统提出了面向对象和无缝交互工具等的设计思想。对军标对象数据模型和操作模型进行了详细地阐述和说明，并将这些模型在系统中进行了实现。最后介绍了军事标图系统的主要模块和功能，探讨了今后GIS研究和发展的方向。     

Geotechnical site investigations for possible urban extensions at Suez City, Egypt using GIS

With the development of economic activities in the world, the construction activities have also increased. A proper surface and subsurface investigation is made to assess the general suitability of the site and to prepare an adequate and economic safe design for the proposed work. The main purpose of the current study is to create a spatial model of the geotechnical conditions and considerations by using geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to develop and analyze a site model and to plan site activities at the new extension of Suez City (SC). In the geotechnical site evaluations, GIS can be used in four ways, data integration, data visualization and analysis, planning and summarizing site activities, and data presentation. The integrated data can be displayed; manipulated and analyzed using tools build into the GIS programs, thus creating the geotechnical site model of the study area. Decisions can be made for further site activities and the results of the site activities can be integrated into the GIS site model. Interpretation of geotechnical data frequently involves assimilating information from many sites each with a unique geographical location. Interpretation of these data requires the spatial location to incorporate into the analysis. Weights are assigned to different of mechanical, physical soil properties, geological, hydrogeological, and other ancillary data. Finally, the weighted maps are integrated using a GIS based on the construction purposes for the new extension of SC for significant cost savings in design, construction and longevity. The ideal and good zones’ highest regime has been observed towards central and western regions with sporadic pockets. The marginal zones to average zones are moderately suited for shallow foundation.