Permafrost and Gas Hydrates on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

Doklady Earth Sciences - In the north of the shallow East Siberian Arctic Shelf (the Laptev and East Siberian seas), based on CDP (common depth point) seismic data for 71 lines with total length of...     

多年冻土区路桥过渡段的一种新结构

The design of roadbed-abutment transition part is always a challenging problem in transportation engineering, especially in permafrost distribution zone. A new type of roadbed-abutment transition part on permafrost was presented, and long-term observation was conducted for the deformation and the thermal regime of a roadbed-abutment transition part in the constructing Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In this paper, a new structure was presented and the observed settlements both in the subgrade and the base and its dependency with the thermal regime (permafrost table) were analyzed. In conclusion the roadbed-a-butment transition method for permafrost distribution zone was evaluated.     

近海浮游植物水华动力学和生物气候学研究综述

浮游植物水华作为近海重要的生物过程,其动态变化对生态系统内的能童传递、生产力水平和各生源要素的循环等均有重要影响.随着气候变化对生态系统影响研究的深入,浮游植物水华生物气候学研究已成为当前生物海洋学研究的热点.综述了浮游植物水华的研究历史、研究方法及其发生发展的动力学机制,重点评述了气候变化对浮游植物水华动态的影响及国...     

冻土工程与环境研究的新进展——第八届国际冻土工程会议回顾

2009年10月在西安召开第八届国际冻土工程会议, 就冻土地区工程设计与建设、季节冻土区工程冻害防治、冻土物理力学特性、 模型发展及其应用、寒区气候、环境及冷生变化、多年冻土水文学、寒区水资源和土地应用等主要议题进行了广泛交流, 报告了近年来冻土工程与环境研究方面的一些新进展. 从冻土工程设计、施工和评价、普通冻土研究、冻土的物理力学性质、冻土模型发展及应用、 气候变化及冰冻圈环境等方面对该次会议交流的成果进行了总结. 与会研究者认为今后的研究一方面要加强理论研究、工程措施机理研究;另一方面要加强寒区环境对气候变化的响应及反馈、以及环境变化与冻土工程措施之间的相互作用研究.     

青藏铁路多年冻土工程地质综合分类探讨

根据影响青藏高原多年冻土工程特性的地温分区和冻土类型, 提出了冻土工程地质综合分类方法. 结合青藏铁路多年冻土区工程设计和施工情况的实践, 对铁路建设中如何应对全球气温变暖下冻土区工程安全提出了工程措施.     

基于组构组分的变质岩岩相学分类

为建立一个较严密、系统的常见变质岩石的岩相学分类,采用既反映岩石结构构造特征又蕴含岩石基本组成的变质岩组构组分作为岩石分类的一级分类指标,以岩石结构、构造和组构组分的成分依次作为二、三和四级指标,划分了归属于造山区域变质岩、接触热变质岩、断层动力变质岩、蚀变交代变质岩和混合岩这5个大类变质成因的基本岩石.如岩石的地质产...     

Coastal Wetlands of China: Changes from the 1970s to 2007 Based on a New Wetland Classification System

A new classification of coastal wetlands along the coast of China has been generated that is compatible with the Ramsar Convention of 1971. The coastal wetlands have been divided into two broad categories with overall nine subcategories. On this basis, a series of coastal wetland maps, together covering the coast of mainland China, have been produced based on topographic maps acquired in the 1970s and satellite images acquired in 2007. These document substantial wetland losses over this period. In the 1970s, the total coastal wetland area in China was 5.76?×?10⁴?km², whereas in 2007, it was 5.36?×?10⁴?km², indicating a loss of 7 %. Over this approximately 40-year period, the area of natural coastal wetlands decreased from 5.74?×?10⁴ to 5.09?×?10⁴?km², while that of artificial coastal wetlands increased from 240 to 2,740 km². Due to shoreline and sea-level changes, newly formed coastal wetlands amounted to 2,460 km², while coastal wetland loss amounted to 6,310 km² in the period from the 1970s to 2007. When excluding shallow coastal waters (depths between 0 and ?5 m), nearly 16 % of Chinese coastal wetlands have been lost between the 1970s and 2007.     

积雪底部温度(BTS)方法在冻土分布调查和模型研究中的应用: 研究进展

多年冻土的调查方法很多,如坑探、物探、遥感等,但相对于积雪底部温度(BTS)测量方法来说,这些方法都比较费时、费力、费钱.目前,BTS已经被成功应用于阿尔卑斯山等地多年冻土的调查研究,不过在国内的应用却是个空白.引入BTS方法,希望能为我国多年冻土的研究开辟一条新路.     

积雪底部温度(BTS)方法在冻土分布调查和模型研究中的应用:研究进展

多年冻土的调查方法很多,如坑探、物探、遥感等,但相对于积雪底部温度(BTS)测量方法来说,这些方法都比较费时、费力、费钱.目前,BTS已经被成功应用于阿尔卑斯山等地多年冻土的调查研究,不过在国内的应用却是个空白.引入BTS方法,希望能为我国多年冻土的研究开辟一条新路.     

GeoReM: A New Geochemical Database for Reference Materials and Isotopic Standards

We have developed a new database named GeoReM ( http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de ) for reference materials and isotopic standards of geochemical and mineralogical interest. Reference samples include rock powders originating from the USGS, GSJ, GIT-IWG, synthetic and natural reference glasses originating from NIST, USGS, MPI-DING, as well as mineral (e.g., 91500 zircon), isotopic (e.g., La Jolla, E&A, NIST SRM 981), river water and seawater reference materials. GeoReM is a relational database, which strongly follows the concept of the three EARTHCHEM databases. It contains published analytical and compilation values (major and trace element concentrations, radiogenic and stable isotope ratios), important metadata about the analytical values, such as uncertainty, uncertainty type, method and laboratory. Sample information and references are also included. Three different ways of interrogating the database are possible: (1) sample names or material types, (2) chemical criteria and (3) bibliography. Some typical applications are described. GeoReM currently (October 2005) contains more than 750 geological reference materials, 6000 individual sets of results and references to 650 publications.     

多年冻土地区公路筑路技术研究现状与新课题

分析了中国多年冻土地区公路修筑技术的研究现状, 介绍了青藏公路沿线多年冻土三期科研工作、青藏高原东部退化性多年冻土的研究成果和小兴安岭岛状多年冻土的研究方向. 在总结科研与实践工作的基础上, 提出了多年冻土地区公路修筑技术的相关研究课题和新思路.     

新全球动力学理论与成矿作用

成矿作用的本质是成矿流体子系统在统一地质 成矿场中与其它子系统在远离平衡系统的动态过程中所能达到平衡的程度。成矿物质的来源和矿床的富集部位都受新全球动力学理论 -涡旋甩出说以及由它所决定的抽拉构造和多重岩片的控制。     

Hypoxia in a Coastal Embayment of the Chesapeake Bay: A Model Diagnostic Study of Oxygen Dynamics

Two distinct hypoxic patterns were revealed from high-frequency dissolved oxygen (DO) data collected from North Branch of Onancock Creek, a shallow coastal estuary of the Chesapeake Bay, from July to October 2004. Diurnal hypoxia developed associated with large DO swings during fair weather and hypoxia/anoxia developed for prolonged 2–5-day periods following rainfall events. A simplified diagnostic DO-algae model was used to investigate DO dynamics in the creek. The model results show that the modeling approach enables important features of the DO dynamics in the creek to be captured and analyzed. Large anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to the creek stimulated macroalgae blooms in the embayment. High DO production resulted in supersaturated DO in daytime, whereas DO was depleted at night as the high respiration overwhelmed the DO supply, leading to hypoxia. Unlike deep-water environments, in this shallow-water system, biological processes dominate DO variations. High macroalgae biomass interacting with low light and high temperature trigger the development of prolonged hypoxic/anoxic postrainfall events.     

Dynamics of the Arctic and adjacent petroleum basins: a record of plume and rifting activity

The Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic history of high-latitude petroleum and coal basins is investigated and compared with the history of plume magmatism in the same areas. The sedimentation rates in all discussed cases are proven to be the fastest (more than 100 m per 1 Myr) during rifting events. Other peaks of rapid deposition may be associated with collisional mountain growth and/or climate change.     

高原多年冻土地区公路修筑技术研究的回顾与展望

通过大量的研究课题实例,回顾了高原多年冻土地区公路修筑技术研究的各个历史阶段,综述了公路修筑技术的研究内容和成果。高含冰量冻土分布规律及工程地质研究、冻土路基设计与冻土路基变形规律研究及保持冻土路基稳定性的路基设计原则和工程措施研究、路面修筑技术研究、桥涵基础研究等。随着高原多年冻土地区公路路面等级的提高和路面使用时间的延续及人为因素的不良影响,高原多年冻土地区的公路路基、路面和桥涵等出现了一些新     

祁连山柴木铁路沿线多年冻土区工程地质特征及评价

在多年冻土区,由于特殊的冻土工程地质条件带来的冻土问题,是铁路建设及维护面临的难题之一.为评价铁路沿线冻土工程地质条件,从分析影响冻土工程地质条件特征的两大因素冻土热稳定性和自然环境条件出发,结合现场勘探资料,采用突变级数法建立了可量化的冻土工程地质评价模型并划定评价等级,评价结果S分为5级:恶劣(S≤0.77)、较差...     

多年冻土地区公路修筑技术研究与工程实践

为系统总结、集成青藏高原多年冻土地区公路修筑技术,在青藏公路、青康公路50 a建设和30 a工程技术研究的基础上,研究高海拔多年冻土区公路工程病害发牛发展的规律与机理.通过公路与冻土相互作用下关键工程稳定性问题的深入分析,针对多年冻土地区公路路基、路面、桥梁、生态保护等主要工程对象,采用理论模拟、室内试验与实体工程检验相结合的方法,揭示了公路路基、路面、桥涌桩基与多年冻土相互作用规律;提出了保障公路路基稳定系列工程措施与设计参数、路而低温耐久性能的关键指标、桥梁桩基同冻时间与强度形成的关系以及高寒生态恢复技术等,并最终形成多年冻土地区公路修筑成套技术.