条石鲷人工繁育技术研究

研究了条石鲷亲鱼培育、产卵、受精卵孵化,仔稚鱼饵料系列的选择以及营养强化,并对胚胎发育进行连续性观察.根据不同海域的研究成果,完善了条石鲷人工繁育技术工艺.结果表明：22-24℃为条石鲷最佳自然产卵水温;仔稚鱼有三个明显的生长危险期;饵料营养、环境水质对仔稚鱼的成活率影响显著.     

海水养殖亲鱼的营养研究动态

海水养殖亲鱼的营养和饲料研究 ,国内基本上是空白。近年来 ,国外已有较多报道 ,特别是对亲鱼营养状况和生殖的关系、亲鱼营养在改善生殖性能和卵子质量以及仔稚鱼生长与存活等方面的作用非常重视 ,已取得了许多有用的资料。主要研究成果有 :(１)在金鲷(Ｓｐａｒｕｓａｕｒａｔａ)、狼鱼 (Ｄｉｃｅｎｔｒａｒｃｈｕｓｌａｂｒａｘ)等鱼类的研究表明 ,饲料蛋白质 (主要是必需氨基酸 ,ＥＡＡ)和脂肪 (主要是ｎ ３多不饱和脂肪酸 ,ｎ ３ＰＵＦＡ )的成分与含量显著影响雌鱼的生殖性能及卵子的成分和质量 ,进而影响仔稚鱼的生长和存活［４ ,１０…     

海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸--n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸研究概况

本文从海鱼鱼卵的脂肪酸组成及各种脂肪酸被利用的顺序、n- 3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸 (n-3HUFA)对海水仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响、乳化油强化轮虫和卤虫饵料的重要性、几种海水仔稚鱼对n- 3HUFA的需要量、DHA和 EPA对海水仔稚鱼不同的生理作用、海水仔稚鱼活饵料和微粒饲料中DHA与 EPA比例的重要性、n- 3HUFA含量与海水比目鱼非正常色素沉着的关系、乳化油和微粒饲料中 n- 3HUFA不同的分子结构形式等方面系统综述了海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸—— n- 3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸的国内外研究进展。旨在学习、借鉴国外的研究成果和经验 ,深入开展我国海水仔稚鱼的营养研究。     

天然浮游动物在真鲷育苗中应用技术的研究

研究了大量采集天然浮游动物并将其应用于真鲷育苗生产的技术,探讨了真鲷仔稚鱼对饵料生物的选择性,开辟了鱼类育苗新饵源,可摆脱目前过多依赖卤虫卵的局面。结果表明,全部或混合投喂浮游动物与全部投喂卤虫幼体相比,真鲷仔稚鱼成活率提高31.9～34.4％,饵料成本降低15.2～28.8％,而且仔稚鱼活力强、无畸形,生长较整齐。     

海水仔稚鱼脂类营养研究进展

近年来国外海水仔稚鱼脂类营养研究取得了重要进展。作者从海鱼鱼卵和早期仔稚鱼阶段的脂肪酸成分、海水仔稚鱼饥饿时脂肪酸的保存、海水仔稚鱼脂类的消化、吸收和运输、饲料中磷脂的作用和影响、饲料磷脂与甘油三酯的效率、饲料的必需脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸的定量需要、高度不饱和脂肪酸以及EPA和DHA比例的重要性等方面综述脂类营养对海水仔稚鱼生长的影响     

海水仔稚鱼必需脂肪酸和磷脂的营养需求

仔稚鱼营养研究是鱼类营养研究领域中居国际前沿的研究,在中国尚未引起足够重视。目前,中国的重要养殖海鱼如牙鲆、真鲷、黑鲷、石斑鱼和大菱鲆等,生产性育苗,因在仔稚鱼阶段容易发生大量死亡,成活率一般低于20％。仔稚鱼从吸收卵黄内源营养转变为摄取人工培养的浮游动物或人工配合微粒饲料等外源营养后,某些营养物质的缺乏是导致仔稚鱼大量死亡的一个重要原因。近年来,国外在n．3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 HUFA）、n-6系列高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-6 HUFA）和极性脂——磷脂等方面的脂类营养需求研究已取得重要进展,作者现作一综述,旨在为深入开展海水仔稚鱼的脂类营养需求研究提供参考。     

海水仔稚鱼早期阶段的脂类营养研究概况

简要论述了海水仔稚鱼不同早期阶段的脂类营养 ,包括卵囊的脂类营养 ,胚胎和仔鱼发育期间的脂类代谢 ,仔鱼饥饿期间的脂类 ,轮虫脂类营养的改善 ,卤虫脂类营养的改善 ,以及海水仔稚鱼开口饵料的脂类营养等     

海水仔稚鱼早期阶段的脂类营养研究概况

简要论述了海水仔稚鱼不同早期阶段的脂类营养，包括卵囊的脂类营养，胚胎和仔鱼发育期间的脂类代谢，仔鱼饥饿期的脂类，轮虫脂类营养的改善，卤虫脂类营养的改善，以及海水仔稚鱼开口饵料的脂类营养等。     

鱼类配子质量研究进展与展望

养殖鱼类的配子质量直接关系到胚胎发育以及仔稚鱼成活和生长,配子质量的优劣与养殖效率紧密相关,对反馈亲鱼培养状况、指导苗种生产等工作都具有重要意义,得到了生产单位和科研工作者的广泛关注.     

鱼类母源性免疫和免疫增强剂的跨代免疫作用

鱼类养殖在水产养殖中处于支柱产业地位,然而胚胎(Embryo)和仔稚鱼(Larva)高死亡率一直制约着鱼类养殖业健康可持续发展。越来越多证据表明,病害是导致鱼类胚胎和仔稚鱼死亡的重要原因之一。鱼类胚胎主要依赖于从亲代传递给子代的免疫因子(母源性免疫因子)发挥保护作用。新近,研究发现亲鱼饲喂β-葡聚糖可提高母源性免疫相关分子如溶菌酶和补体因子等在卵子中的含量,从而增强胚胎抵抗疾病的能力,且饲喂β-葡聚糖并不影响亲鱼产卵率和胚胎孵化率。这为提高鱼类胚胎免疫力提供了一条可行途径。     

海洋鱼类育苗期配合饵料代替活饵的研究进展

综述了近年来在海水鱼类育苗中，利用配合词料代替活饵的研究状况，以及海水鱼类幼体消化酶与微胶囊饵科吸收和利用的关系；同时对海水鱼类幼体微粒子饵科的制备方法进行了探讨，以期为研制海洋鱼类育苗期的配合饵科提供参考。     

Farming the reef: is aquaculture a solution for reducing fishing pressure on coral reefs?

This paper presents the results of an analysis to determine the financial and social feasibility of aquaculture technologies for live reef organisms, including food fish and marine ornamentals, as an alternative to wild capture of live reef organisms in nearshore waters in the Indo-Pacific region. The paper provides information and policy guidance for appropriate aquaculture technology application for Indo-Pacific nations, which are the source of most live reef organisms supplied for international trade. Cautionary evidence indicates that, under certain conditions, some forms of small-scale aquaculture of live coral reef organisms can be a useful solution for reducing fishing pressure on coral reefs.     

棘颊雀鲷人工繁殖与育苗的初步研究

为了解棘颊雀鲷(Premnas biaculeatus)在人工饲养条件下繁殖和仔鱼培养对光照、水温及饵料的要求,采用实验生物学的方法,在严格控制的条件下培养亲鱼、胚胎和仔鱼.结果表明,在(26±1)℃和14L:10D的光暗周期下,2 000 1x和500 1x两种光照强度对亲鱼产卵周期和卵的受精率并没有明显的影响,但是...     

High environmental salinity reduces the reproductive potential of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Decapoda,Majidae)

The spider crab Maja brachydactyla is an important fisheries species in Europe. Adults were sampled in Ría de A Coruña (NW Spain) and transported to IRTA rearing facilities. Salinity and photoperiod changes and their effect on reproduction were tested in the laboratory. The number of newly hatched larvae per batch (presence of actively swimming newly hatched larvae in a broodstock tank) was counted and sampled to estimate dry weight and proximal composition. Keeping spider crab broodstock in a high salinity environment (38 ppt) significantly reduced the number of newly hatched larvae, reaching up to fivefold difference in winter. The number of newly hatched larvae produced under a natural photoperiod was 10‐fold higher than those produced using a fixed photoperiod at 34 ppt salinity during winter. No clear pattern of changes in larval dry weight, protein, lipid or carbohydrate composition was observed under the environmental conditions tested. The results show that the salinity used for broodstock maintenance, especially during the embryonic development, is an important factor causing changes in larval production of M. brachydactyla and with potential implications for recruitment success.     

Interannual variability in the biochemical composition of newly hatched larvae of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Decapoda,Majidae)

The spider crab Maja brachydactyla is an important commercial species in Europe and supports intensive fisheries in the NE Atlantic. A field survey was performed to assess long‐term and consecutive interannual (2005–2010) variation of the biochemical composition of newly hatched larvae of M. brachydactyla. Larval biochemical profiles differed significantly among years, with pronounced differences being recorded in 2010. Differences among batches of newly hatched larvae were mainly explained by the contribution of triacylglycerols and, to a lesser degree, by protein and lipid content. The use of different nutrition indices is discussed. The biochemical composition of newly hatched larvae from M. brachydactyla was highly variable, even though surveyed broodstock was obtained from the same local population and was always sampled during the same season. The unpredictable biochemical profiles of newly hatched larvae may condition their survival and recruitment. This largely overlooked aspect of larval variability should be considered in future fisheries management strategies and captive production of marine organisms that still rely on wild seeds.     

人工培育脊尾白虾蚤状幼体的饵料基础研究

通过脊尾白虾蚤状幼体饵料种类、饵料组合和食物密度的比较试验 ,研究了脊尾白虾育苗的适宜开口饵料和育苗期饵料组合 ,测定了不同时期蚤状幼体的捕食率及其日粮。结果表明 :饵料种类对脊尾白虾蚤状幼体 期 (Z1)至 期 (Z2 )的变态率和变态所需时间没有明显影响 ,Z1可以不投饵 ,但适量投喂单胞藻或轮虫 ,能明显提高 Z2 活力和 Z2 至 Z3 的变态率。人工培育脊尾白虾蚤状幼体的适宜饵料是卤虫无节幼体 ,在幼体培育前期 (Z1)投喂单胞藻、轮虫 ,后期 (Z3 以后 )添加鱼糜效果也很好。蚤状幼体对卤虫无节幼体的捕食率和日粮随幼体发育而明显增加 ,同一发育时期则随饵料密度的增大而增加 ,但达到一定密度后 ,捕食率增幅明显下降。根据幼体日粮难以确定育苗期间卤虫无节幼体的最佳投喂方案