青海玛温根矿区氧化铅银矿工艺矿物学特性及分析研究

结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。     

The Processing Mineralogy for Lead and Zinc Oxide Ore in Sichuan

Using variety of modern testing methods, the processing mineralogical characteristics for a lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan were studied systematically. The chemical analysis result shows that the lead and zinc oxide content exceeding the minimum industrial grade and iron ore, total iron content reaches a minimum industrial grade and associated with gold and silver; The mineralogical analysis result shows that lead and zinc mineral composition and configuration are very complexity. The zinc minerals and zinciferous minerals are sphalerite, hemimorphite, Smithsonite, Hydrozincite, zinc chlorite, limonite, zinc dolomite and zincocalcite; lead minerals and plumbiferous minerals are mainly galena, cerussite, anglesite, limonite and Coronadite; The minerals disseminated grain size are very fine and mineral dissemination characteristics are very complex ; expected theoretical recoveries for lead and zinc were 72% and 67% respectively. The results of this study provide basic data and theoretical basis for ore dressing.     

火试金用铅箔标准样品的研制

遵循《标准样品工作导则》GB/T 15000系列标准和YS/T 409—1998行业标准,研制了火试金用铅箔标准样品,样品加工厚度为0.1～0.2 mm,质量3 g,呈正方形。利用方差法对标准样品进行均匀性检验,并委托6家权威实验室采用火试金富集-原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对金和银进行定值,用狄克逊法和夏皮罗-威尔克法检验分析数据。结果表明,研制的铅箔标准样品均匀性良好,金和银的标准值分别为0.011 g/t、0.313 g/t,定值结果准确;Au属于似正态分布,Ag属于正态分布。铅箔标准样品用于实验室火试金法分析金、银等贵金属矿物,效果良好,已经被批准为行业标准样品,编号为YSS045-2009。     

利用铅同位素研究山东邹平王家庄铜矿地气物质来源

铅同位素示踪是采用铅同位素作为示踪剂,根据有关岩石、矿物的铅同位素组成和它们之间的关系判断成矿物质来源。笔者利用铅同位素示踪地气物质来源,采用ICP-MS测试方法,对山东邹平王家庄斑岩铜矿区矿石、围岩、土壤等介质的铅同位素组成与地气样品铅同位素特征进行对比,发现矿体上方地气异常样品铅同位素组成与矿石中铅同位素组成基本一致,表明地气异常样品中的铅主要来自深部矿体,且捕集剂空白和其他影响因素对地气异常样品中铅的干扰较小,其铅同位素组成更接近于矿石。     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定含钡铅矿石中的铅

对于含钡铅矿石中铅的测定,采用EDTA容量法由于在分析流程中生成硫酸铅钡复盐使铅的分析结果偏低;采用钡铬酸铅容量法可以消除钡的干扰,但分析方法流程繁杂,耗时长。本文对现有的EDTA容量法进行改进,建立了一种快速测定含钡铅矿石样品中铅含量的分析方法。样品在盐酸体系中溶解,用硫酸沉淀分离可溶性钡离子,再用硫酸沉淀铅,所得的硫酸铅沉淀用pH=5.7的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液溶解,EDTA络合滴定法测定铅的含量。分析结果表明,盐酸用量为40 mL,50%硫酸用量为2滴时可以消除钡对铅测定的干扰,样品分解后硫酸铅沉淀20 min即可分离测定。本法的测定值与国家标准方法的测定值基本一致,方法精密度为0.1%~0.8%。方法中沉淀放置时间只有20 min,与国家标准方法和其他方法的沉淀放置时间(4 h或过夜)相比较,缩短了样品处理流程,满足了矿山企业选冶生产现场样品的快速检测要求。     

汝阳县杨树坪工作区控矿地质条件及找矿前景展望

文章通过对杨树坪工作区及其外围地区矿床（点）分布特点、控矿地质条件、地球化学异常特征、典型铅锌矿床地质特征等综合分析,提出杨树坪工作区具小-中型铅锌矿成矿远景的论断,指明了在构造-岩浆岩南带内以寻找隐伏热液充填交代型铅锌矿床为主的找矿方向。     

常压环境下铅笔芯的质谱放电行为研究

铅笔芯内所含石墨和黏土的混合比例如果不符合国家标准,将不利于计算机读卡设备正确识读和非专业人士鉴定.本文采用常压质谱法对不同黑度(石墨含量)、硬度的铅笔芯进行分析,为实现铅笔品质的快速鉴别提供了一种有效的技术手段.该方法直接将铅笔芯作为电离装置,在高电压作用下以空气(相对湿度40％)为介质,铅笔芯产生电晕放电,其放电行为能够对质谱信号产生直接影响.实验优化了工作条件,分析了6种型号铅笔芯(4B、3B、2B、HB、H和2H)中石墨含量与其质谱信号之间的关系,并结合主成分分析(PCA)对不同型号铅笔芯进行区分.结果表明,不同型号铅笔芯的放电行为对质谱信号产生较大影响,质谱信号随铅笔芯中石墨含量的增多而增强;6种型号铅笔芯区分正确率高达99％以上.此方法操作简单且可重复性强,可用于市场上不同品质铅笔芯的快速鉴定.     

柴北缘赛坝沟金矿床硫、铅同位素组成:对成矿物质来源的指示

柴北缘赛坝沟金矿床是青海省赛什腾山-阿尔茨托山成矿带上重要的岩金矿床,成矿地质条件优越.矿体赋存于北西-北北西向韧-脆性断裂构造组内,呈脉状、透镜状,构造控矿作用明显,矿石类型分为石英脉型和蚀变糜棱岩型.热液成矿期可划分为4个阶段:Ⅰ少量黄铁矿-烟灰色石英阶段、Ⅱ金-黄铁矿-乳白色石英阶段、Ⅲ多金属硫化物-金-灰白色-...     

河南省栾川中营铅矿地质特征及成矿作用

中营铅矿床赋存于马超营断裂带的东段,为一新发现的品位较低大型铅矿床,矿体呈多层分枝复合产出,有用元素主要为铅,伴生金、银和钼;经矿床成因分析,区内安山岩为成矿有利地层,构造和岩浆活动为必要条件;从矿石矿物组成及矿物间穿插关系,可大致分为四个成矿阶段;从稀土元素分析,富铅矿石重稀土富集,且随铅品位的增高,富集明显,铅矿石中稀土元素与下伏花岗岩具有相似特征,矿床的形成与下伏花岗岩体关系较大;矿床赋存于隐伏岩体的低凹处。     

The occurrence of lead in Antarctic recent snow,firn deposited over the last two centuries and prehistoric ice

Concentrations of lead have been measured by ultraclean Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry in snow cores covering the last two centuries collected at an inland site in East Antarctica using an ultra clean all plastic hand operated auger and in a prehistoric blue ice block collected at an Antarctic coastal site. Lead contamination of 16 to 200 pg Pb/g existed on the outside of the snow cores, but the measured concentrations decreased more or less abruptly along a radius from the outside to the centers of the snow cores, establishing interior values in the 1 to 5 pg Pb/g range. Some of these interior values are however possibly still slightly affected by lead contamination which could have intruded to the center of the cores because of slight melting of some of the snow cores before laboratory analysis. The interior of the blue ice block appears not to have been significantly contaminated, and contains about 1.7 pg Pb/g.These new data show that most previously published data on lead in Antarctic snow and ice were in high positive error because of contamination during field sampling, laboratory analysis or both. They show that lead concentrations could not have increased in Antarctic snows or ice from prehistoric times to present more than 2 to 3 fold, confirming that the remote polar areas of the Southern Hemisphere are still little affected by industrial lead pollution. Prehistoric Antarctic ice is shown to contain about 1 pg Pb/g natural excess lead above silicate dust lead; this excess cannot be entirely accounted for by volcanoes or sea spray, which suggests the possible existence of some other unknown natural source of prehistoric excess lead. Present day mean eolian fallout flux of lead in Antarctica is estimated to be about 0.07 ng Pb cm^?2 yr^?1, which stands in about the same proportion to that in the South Pacific Westerlies (about 1:30) as the flux in Greenland is observed to stand to those in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Westerlies.     

利用磷灰石裂变径迹法研究金顶铅锌矿成矿时代

矿物的裂变径迹年龄分析可有效地用于热液矿床成矿时代的研究。对金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿年龄存在不同的看法,本文以架崖山矿段为代表,采用磷灰石裂变径迹分析方法测定了金顶铅锌矿床的成矿年龄。结果表明：金顶铅锌矿床的成矿期在渐新世,其后遭受了喜马拉雅造山运动的热扰动。     

The isotopic compositions and concentrations of lead in some chondritic stone meteorites

Microgram quantities of lead were volatilized from the chondrites Richardton, Holbrook, Beardsley and Plainview and purified for mass spectrometric analysis. Aliquots of approximately 1 μg were surface-ionized by use of the boric acid technique. The isotopic compositions found range from highly radiogenic lead in the case of Richardton to leads in the other three chondrites which are substantially less radiogenic than average lead in the crust of the earth. p]From our recent concentration determinations by the isotopic dilution method, it seems that the amount of lead in Beardsley is about 0·13 p.p.m. and that in Richardton about 0·06 p.p.m. The leads in these meteorites are consistent within a factor of approximately two with the lead-lead ages and the independently measured uranium and thorium concentrations. The lead—lead age for Richardton is the same as that found by (1955) for Nuevo Laredo, being 4·6 Æ. The lead concentration measured for Forest City is 0·09 p.p.m., while that for Holbrook is 0·28 p.p.m. Holbrook is quite anomalous in containing 2·5 times the amount of radiogenic lead that can be explained by the accumulation of decay products in situ with a primeval lead which had the isotopic composition of the lead from the troilite in the Canyon Diablo and Henbury iron meteorites. p]The total amount of lead on the surface of a meteorite appears to be comparable to the total amount inside. The isotopic composition of this surface lead indicates that it is principally terrestrial lead.     

Feldspar Lead Isotopic Composition of Granitoids from the Eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt and Their Tectonic Significance

This paper reports 48 feldspar lead isotope analyses from 27 granitic intrusions,which formed from the Late Proterozic to Mesozoic within the Eastern Qinling oregenic belt. Itis found that the granitic rocks of South Qinling are characterized by a strong block-effect anddepletion in U-Pb and Th-Pb, showing that these rocks came from the same lead isotopetectono-geochemical province, while those of North Qinling are characterized by higher U-Pband Th-Pb for Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic ones and lower U-Pb and Th-Pb forLate-Palaeozoic and younger ones in their feldspar lead isotopic composition. In the NorthQinling block, lead isotopic signatures reflect that the source of granitic magma had changedsince the Late Palaeozoic. Comparison of feldspar lead isotopic composition between SouthQinling and North Qinling shows that there is marked difference in lead isotopic compositionfor pre-Palaeozoic granitoids, indicating that the South Qinling and the North Qinling blocksbelong to different tectonic units, but the similarities in lead isotopic composition are quiteclear, which indicates that the South Qinling block had been welded with the North Qinlingblock and that the magma sources of both blocks were identical. The analysis provides directevidence for underplating of the continental crust of South Qinling beneath the North Qinlingblock in the continent-continent interaction stage of the Eastern Qinling oregenic belt.     

金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿金属来源——来自铅同位素组成的制约

金顶矿床是世界著名的超大型铅锌矿床,其巨量的金属堆积引起许多学者对成矿金属来源的关注。前人通过铅同位素示踪研究,提出了成矿金属来自地幔、上地壳、下地壳及不同端员混合等不同认识。理论分析表明,这些观点认识的差异可能源于不同作者分析铅同位素数据存在测试误差。基于此,笔者在金顶矿床选择了7个代表性硫化物样品,再次进行了铅同位素分析。结果显示,矿床铅同位素组成为~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.3945~18.4429、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.6412~15.6583、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.6266~38.6772,在铅同位素演化模式图解(Zartman et al.,1979)中数据点分布集中,处于"造山带"和"上地壳"演化曲线之间,未显示出明显的线性分布特点,表明金顶矿床成矿金属来源主要为壳源;区域对比表明,金顶矿床明显比白秧坪矿带铅锌矿床贫放射性成因铅,而与区域VMS型矿床铅同位素组成更为接近,这表明金顶矿床与白秧坪矿带矿床有着不同的金属物源区,其金属可能来自盆地底部晚三叠世火山岩或其内早期的VMS矿化。     

盘龙铅锌矿浮选铅中矿工艺矿物学特征研究

针对广西盘龙铅锌矿选矿厂铅浮选指标较差的现状,以现场产出的铅中矿1为研究对象,采用化学多元素分析、物相分析、光学显微镜鉴定、解离度统计等技术手段,对盘龙铅锌矿浮选铅中矿的化学组成、物相组成、目的矿物的嵌布粒度及嵌布特征进行了详尽的工艺矿物学特征研究。研究结果表明,铅中矿1含Pb 2. 03%,主要赋存于方铅矿中;方铅矿整体嵌布粒径细小,经筛分分级后,不同粒径的分级产品中方铅矿的嵌布特征差异性极大,+74μm及-74～+39μm部分含铅矿物颗粒基本为铅-锌-硫复杂连生的集合体,这两个粒级金属总占有率达56%以上,是影响盘龙铅锌矿铅浮选指标的关键所在。根据以上研究结果,推荐采用对铅中矿1进行分级磨矿工艺流程改造,提高铅中矿1中方铅矿的单体解离度,实现铅精矿中铅金属回收率的进一步提升。     

秦岭凤太矿集区喷流沉积型铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素地球化学特征

凤太矿集区位于秦岭泥盆系铅锌等多金属成矿带的中段,铅锌矿床主要产于中泥盆统古道岭组和上泥盆统星红铺组之间的硅质岩中。对区内三个典型铅锌矿床中S、Pb同位素组成研究表明,铅硐山、八方山、银母寺3个铅锌矿床金属硫化物的δ34S值变化范围较小,均不超过10‰。区内硫化物的δ34S值总体变化于4.3‰~13.2‰,指示S主要来自海水硫酸盐的还原作用。3个矿床矿石矿物的Pb同位素中206 Pb/204 Pb变化于17.775~18.180,207Pb/204Pb变化于15.457~15.805,208Pb/204Pb变化于37.977~38.670。各个矿床之间Pb同位素组成均有较大的重叠,暗示3个铅锌矿床具有相似的铅源。通过Pb同位素构造模式图解以及Δβ-Δγ分类图解分析表明,矿石铅来源于早古生代中期到末期扬子板块向华北板块之下俯冲以及晚古生代扬子板块、秦岭微板块向华北板块俯冲的历程中。     

青海卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床地球化学特征与成矿物质来源

为了解卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床的物质来源, 探讨其成岩、成矿机制, 通过现场调查, 结合矿床地质成矿条件, 对矿区典型的岩浆岩、围岩及矿石进行了主量元素、微量元素分析及S、Pb同位素分析.结果表明: 矿区岩体属中酸性岩, 为高钾钙碱性系列岩石, 源于深部, 上侵时受地壳混染, 具同源特征.不同地质体稀土配分曲线均为右倾轻稀土富集型, 岩浆岩、矽卡岩和矿石为同一成矿系统.微量元素地球化学显示矿区花岗岩产于火山弧环境.矿石硫同位素δ34S_CDT值为4.4×10-3~11.0×10-3, 处于岩浆硫跟围岩混合硫范围内, 成矿物质具多源性.矿石铅同位素Th/U值范围为3.46~3.69, μ值为9.46~9.52, 均低于9.58, 介于地壳与原始地幔值之间, 反应矿石铅具深源铅和壳源铅特征.铅同位素特征参数示踪、构造模式示踪和Δβ-Δγ图解示踪的结果表明: 铅来源与岩浆作用有关, 以壳源铅为主并混合少量深源地幔铅.总结矿床地球化学特征表明成矿物质主要来源于岩浆, 少量来源于周围地层.矿区岩体成矿演化过程复杂, 在岩体中形成斑岩型铜、钼矿化, 在与碳酸盐岩接触带形成矽卡岩型铅、锌矿化, 及至后期热液作用形成中低温热液脉型金矿化, 是一个多因复成矿床.      

Heavy metals deposited from the atmosphere on upland Scottish soils: Chemical and lead isotope studies of the association of metals with soil components

Three soil profiles taken from the Hartwood Research Station in Central Scotland have been analyzed using chemical digestion and extraction techniques to investigate the chemical association of heavy metals deposited from the atmosphere. Total digestion, EDTA extraction and the BCR (Bureau Communitaire de Reference) sequential extraction procedure were used. In addition, lead isotope ratios in the whole soils and in the fractions from the sequential extraction procedure were measured using thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. All the digestion and extraction procedures gave clear indication of enhanced concentrations of heavy metals in surface soils, in particular for lead and zinc. Whereas total digestion gave a good indication of the heavy metal status of the soils, the extraction procedures were necessary to provide information on chemical association of the metals with soil components, information needed to understand the soil processes involved in mobilization of metals. Lead isotope analysis of the whole soils revealed a consistent picture of lower ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios in surface soils (1.140-1.147) than in soils at 20-30 cm depth (1.182-1.190). The steady progression from the lower to higher ratios down the profile was clear indication that anthropogenic lead had penetrated to some degree into the deeper soils. The combination of sequential extraction and lead isotope analysis proved to be a powerful approach to studying this effect in more detail and showed that the fractions extractable from 20 to 30 cm soils contained lead with much lower ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios (1.174-1.178) than the residual fraction (1.196-1.200). As the extractable fractions contained ≥85% of the lead in the soil, a substantial portion of lead at 20-30 cm depth was of anthropogenic origin. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios of 1.174-1.178 found in the extractable fractions suggested that the mobile component of the anthropogenic lead was that deposited before the introduction of leaded petrol.     

铅锌矿床Rb-Sr定年研究综

本文在总结Rb-Sr等时线定年的基本前提和矿床Rb-Sr等时线定年存在的问题的基础上,综述了铅锌矿床流体包裹体和闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线定年的研究进展,同时对该定年方法存在的问题进行了简要评述。综合分析表明,Rb-Sr等时线定年(尤其是闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线定年)为铅锌矿床较理想的直接定年方法,但该定年方法还存在许多理论和技术问题,有待深入研究;铅锌矿床Rb-Sr等时线定年应以深入细致的地质、地球化学研究为基础,定年过程中必须严慎对待样品采集、样品挑选、流体包裹体溶液提取和质谱分析等各个环节。     

杭州市土壤铅污染的铅同位素示踪研究

根据杭州市40个土壤全铅和38个可溶相铅的统计分析,土壤中全铅平均含量为49.6×10^-6,可溶相铅平均为21.4×10^-6,城区表土的全铅高达76.1×10^-6,显著高于全国土壤平均值。分析结果还显示,从农村→远郊→近郊→公路旁,土壤可溶相铅含量逐渐增加,且土壤的可溶相铅含量与深度具明显的负相关关系。表明杭州市土壤受到了不同程度的铅污染,污染程度由农村→远郊→近郊→公路旁→城区有明显的增高趋势。通过对茶园土壤中可溶相铅、残渣态铅及城区表土全铅的同位素组成对比分析发现,从土壤残渣态(代表土壤背景)→土壤可溶相→城区表层土壤全铅²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb比值有明显的降低。²⁰⁸Pb/(²⁰⁶Pb+²⁰⁷Pb)也有类似的变化趋势。将土壤与杭州市的汽车尾气、大气等环境样品进行对比发现,随着土壤受污染程度的增加,铅同位素组成逐渐向汽车尾气铅漂移,表明汽车尾气排放的铅为其主要污染源。