Karren of Mushroom Mountain (Junzi Shan) in the Eastern Yunnan Ridge, Yunnan, China: Karstological and Tourist Attraction

<正>Mushroom Mountain karren with predominantly flat tops that formed along the stylolites and bedding planes dictated the special features of this karst landscape.Their features and rock relief clearly reflect the geological conditions and development.The subsoil karren with conical tops dissected by subsoil rock relief were exposed from beneath the soil.Below tree vegetation,the subsoil karren are to a great extent covered by moss and lichen,under which they acquire their characteristic shape.On the bare surface they were reshaped by rainwater that carves flutes and solution pans.The old cave that opens below the top of one of the cones reveals the period before its dissection into hills and cones when this part of the karst aquifer was still deep under the water table.     

昆明地区早寒武世关山动物群研究新进展

总结了昆明地区关山动物群自1999年命名以来开展的研究工作和取得的新进展。简要叙述了关山动物群的研究概况、地层位置、生物群组合特征和关山动物群的研究意义。在关山动物群中首次发现了古虫动物门的Vetulicola ganggtoucunenisis Luo,Fu et Hu,吐卓虫Tuzoia sp．nov．,古蠕虫Palaeoscolex sp．nov．,腕足类Heliomedusa sp．nov．及三叶形虫、海绵动物新属种。指出关山动物群是一个由多门类软躯体后生动物化石组成的伯吉斯页岩型的动物群,时代介于澄江动物群与凯里动物群（或伯吉斯页岩动物群）之间,起到了承前启后的作用,在寒武纪生命大爆发和寒武纪早期生物演化的研究中有重要意义。     

New Localities and Palaeoscolecid Worms from the Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) Guanshan Biota in Kunming, Yunnan, South China

The Guanshan Biota from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation is a typical Burgess-shale type Lagerst?tte that had witnessed the Cambrian explosion. Here we report two new localities of the Guanshan Biota, which is located at Baimei village, south of Kunming and Xinglong village, Wuding County, Yunnan Province respectively. Both localities produce soft-body fossils and several new taxa, e.g. a new species of palaeoscolecidans (Palaeoscolex xinglongensis sp. nov.) reported herein. The comparative study of the new species with similar form not only indicates that there is a diversification of palaeoscolecid species in Guanshan Biota, but also strengthens the ties between the older Chengjiang Biota and the younger Kaili Biota (and also the coeval Burgess Shale community). Three paleoecological features, including high diversity, little disparity and richness of palaeoscolecid worms, are summarized as a case study to represent the differences between Guanshan and Chengjiang Biota.     

云南墨江志留纪地层及其笔石序列

云南墨江志留纪地层从下到上包括漫波组和水箐组。根据在水箐组中发现的大量笔石,从下到上共识别出Colonograptuspraedeubeli带、C.ludensis带、Lobograptusprogenitor带、L.scanicus带和Saetograptusfritschilinearis带等5个笔石带,并将各带与捷克、中亚、加拿大和我国广西等地的相应笔石带进行了详细对比。研究表明水箐组的时代应属文洛克世晚期—罗德洛世中期,其层位应在文洛克世早期的漫波组之上。     

云南罗平地区中三叠世龙鱼化石的发现

记述了龙鱼属一新种,即云南龙鱼Saurichthys yunnanensis sp. nov.。该种以具有长椭圆形的鳃盖骨、躯干部披6列鳞片为特征与其他种区别。化石产于云南省罗平县大凹子村中三叠世安尼期关岭组中。     

云南罗平地区中三叠世龙鱼化石的发现

记述了龙鱼属一新种,即云南龙鱼Saurichth ysyunnanensis sp.nov.。该种以具有长椭圆形的鳃盖骨、躯干部披6列鳞片为特征与其他种区别。化石产于云南省罗平县大凹子村中三叠世安尼期关岭组中。     

强度折减有限元法在昆明新机场高填方边坡稳定分析中的应用

介绍了碎石桩、强夯置换两种工程常用的山区高填方地基的处理方式。为了解不同地基处理方式下,山区机场高填方边坡的稳定性,采用强度折减有限元法及对比研究的手段对昆明新机场79-79?工程地质剖面处边坡的稳定性进行分析,而且将强度折减有限元与简化Bishop方法的计算结果进行对比。另外,对土体强度参数未折减时,不同地基处理方式下的边坡位移及剪应变也进行比较。结果表明：用碎石桩或强夯置换处理坡脚内地基的相对软弱土层,不仅能有效提高边坡安全系数,还能大幅度减小边坡的最大剪应变与最大位移;当边坡的最危险滑移面接近圆弧形时,强度折减有限元法与简化Bishop法计算所得安全系数与最危险滑移面均接近,且强度折减有限元法计算的安全系数略偏小,偏于安全;当中风化基岩上方覆盖土层深度大于强夯置换的有效处理深度时,用碎石桩处理原地基效果更优     

附加质量法在昆明新机场填料压实密度检测中的应用研究

附加质量法是粗粒料密度测试的无损检测方法之一,介绍了附加质量法的基本原理和理论模型,并成功应用于昆明新机场粗粒料填筑的压实密度检测。试验结果表明：（1）附加质量法检测得到的地基刚度与灌水法检测得到的干密度呈线性相关,相关系数为0.81,利用率定试验得到的经验关系计算得到的干密度与验证试验的相对误差在-1.78%～1.75%之间,其检测精度能够满足施工检测精度检测要求,并给出了昆明新机场粗粒料压实密度检测的经验关系式;（2）附加质量法具有操作简单、检测速度快捷、被检测粗粒料无损伤等优点,是一项很有发展前景的无损检测技术。     

滇东铅锌多金属矿成矿过程探讨

位于扬子陆块南部被动边缘褶-冲带的滇东铅锌多金属成矿区是我国重要的铅锌多金属矿产地之一。区内矿床赋矿围岩为震旦系-二叠系碳酸盐岩,以构造控矿为主;成矿过程漫长,成矿元素来自上下不同层位的地层中,成矿流体具多源特征。本次研究收集了前人关于滇东地区铅锌多金属矿勘查和研究成果,并利用作者在滇东地区长期从事矿产勘查所获得的资料...     

Lower Cambrian Stratigraphy and Trilobite Fauna of Kunming,Yunnan

Lower Cambrian rocks have long been known in E Yunnan,As earlyas 1912,J.Deprat discovered Lower Cambrian strata in Chengkiang~1,Iliang~2and several other localities,NE of Kunming~(?).Later,in 1936,V.K.Ting andY.L.Wang reported the occurrence of Lower Cambrian rocks in Malung~3 andproposed the term Tsanglangpu Formation for the Lower Cambrian of E Yunnan     

Geochemical genesis of geothermal waters from the Longling hydrothermal area,Yunnan, Southwestern China

Longling is characterized by a wide distribution of hydrothermal areas, among which the Banglazhang hydrothermal system is the most geothermally active. Banglazhang is marked by intensive hydrothermal activities including hot springs, geysers, fumaroles and hydrothermal explosions. The geothermal waters from the Longling region are mainly HCO_3-Na type with low but comparable SO_4 and Cl concentrations. Calculations based on a variety of chemical geothermometers and a K-Ca geobarometer indicate that the Banglazhang hydrothermal system has much higher subsurface temperature and CO_2 pressure compared to the other systems such as Daheba, Dazhulin and Huangcaoba. However, geothermal water samples collected from all these alternative hydrothermal areas are either partially equilibrated with reservoir minerals or are immature. The silica-enthalpy relationships of Banglazhang geothermal waters indicate the presence of a deep geothermal fluid with an enthalpy value and silica concentration of 945 J/g(up to around 220 °C) and 339 mg/L. Our work indicates the Banglazhang area is a promising source in terms of long-term utilization of hydrothermal resources.     

云南西双版纳曼桂陨石雨调查

北京时间2018年6月1日21:43左右,在云南西双版纳景洪市的西南有火流星滑过夜空,通过目击者拍摄的视频初步判断又是一次陨石降落,这是继2017年10月4日(农历中秋节)后又一次目击到流星光顾云南省上空。6月2日有消息称在西双版纳勐海县勐遮镇的曼伦村发现了降落的陨石。随后的几天,陆续有很多媒体记者、陨石爱好者和陨石猎人赶往陨石降落地,随即,一场陨石雨呈现出来。截止目前,已经收集到的数据表明这次陨石雨的已知范围约3km×12km,从南东向北西方向以55.3°±2.5°的入射角度降落至地面,先后在曼南、曼光、曼央囡、曼潘、曼么代、曼楷龙、曼庄、曼垒、曼伦、曼迈回、曼朗、曼赛、蔓燕和曼桂村等10余个自然村发现陨石,据不完全统计,陨石数量超过1000个,质量由0.04 g至1280 g,总质量超过50 kg。该陨石雨陨石类型为L6,冲击程度为S4。     

西藏措勤-申扎地层分区新建中--上侏罗统仁多组

在西藏措勤西部昂拉仁错南部新发现一套侏罗纪地层,其岩性和古生物组合特征均不同于邻区侏罗系.通过详细的层型剖面测制和对比研究,将其新建为组级岩石地层单位--仁多组.指定并详细描述了正层型剖面,讨论了仁多组的岩石组合特征、地层接触关系、基本层序和沉积环境.根据仁多组的生物化石组合及其地层分布建立了2个生物组合带,并确定仁多组下段与中-上段分属为中、上侏罗统.仁多组的建立为认识区域地层系统及地质演化提供了新资料.     

First report on Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Stage 4) at the stratotype area of Wulongqing Formation in Malong County,Eastern Yunnan,China

Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian explosion.Critically,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils alone.The Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and organs.To date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential buildings.Here we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype section.Fossils retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of body.In addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after weathering.This discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaojiang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaojiang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan.     

滇东罗平地区中三叠统中发现液态油苗

通过1∶5万区调填图,在云南罗平地区中三叠统关岭组二段薄层泥晶灰岩中首次发现液态油苗。该稠油显示主要分布在层间晶洞中,表现为干沥青及稠油共存状态。有机地球化学研究表明,氯仿沥青“A”的含量为67×10-6,有机质类型以腐泥型Ⅰ型为主。镜质体干酪根反射率R0为2.84%,Tmax=568℃,表明有机质处于高成熟阶段。液态油苗的显示对于进一步评价南盘江盆地的油气勘探前景具有重要的价值和意义。     

滇东北会泽地区发现铝土质泥岩铜矿

最新研究显示,位于云南会泽县的大黑山层状铜矿的矿化分布于上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩顶部间断面（假整合面）之上的宣威组底部,明显受铝土质泥岩层位的控制。对矿床地质特征的研究及与国内典型砂岩铜矿的对比显示,该矿床在成矿背景、赋矿围岩岩性和成矿地质特征上,有别于中国南方川滇地区的砂岩／页岩铜矿,是一种新的铜矿类型。根据赋矿围岩和沉积层控等宏观地质特征,暂定为“铝土质泥岩铜矿”。     

腾冲地区与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿床成矿系列

腾冲地区岩浆-热液成矿作用形成了东、中、西三个矿带,以及滇滩-大硐厂-红岩头铅锌锡铁硅灰石矿、铁窑山-小龙河锡钨铁铅锌矿两个重要矿集区。本文以前人研究资料为基础,按矿床成矿系列理论研究方法,厘定了该地区与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿床成矿系列及亚系列,系统总结了该地区与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿产资源时空分布规律,研究结果表明燕山期是本地区最为重要的岩浆-热液成矿作用时期,该地区锡、铅、锌、铁、铜、钨、金、银、硫铁矿、硅灰石、萤石、宝石、云母、红柱石、稀土及稀有金属矿等矿产主要与燕山期花岗岩有关,构成了特定的与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿床成矿系列,并根据花岗岩分带、矿床空间分布、矿化组合、成矿时代的不同,进一步分为3个矿床成矿亚系列,总结了矿床成矿亚系列特点,分析了该地区的找矿潜力,指出了找矿远景区,深化了对腾冲地区锡(钨)、铅锌、铁、硅灰石、铜等矿产成矿规律认识,为今后在该地区从事地质找矿、教学和科研等方面提供参考。     

云南澜沧地区南角河银多金属矿床的地质特征及成因

南角河银多金属矿是在地质调查过程中发现并评价的一个具有大型找矿远景的矿床。矿床产于临沧-勐海复式花岗岩基南段西侧与新元古界澜沧群变质岩的接触断裂破碎带(白章断裂)中,矿体呈脉状,形态单一。同位素及成矿流体分析结果表明,成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩和澜沧群地层,成矿流体以大气降水下渗加热上升回返并混合少量岩浆热液为特征,以花岗岩和澜沧群变质岩为矿源层,以断裂破碎带为赋存空间,为具有明显垂向分带特征的低温热液矿床。     

碳酸盐岩深覆盖区隐伏岩溶构造的音频大地电磁探测：以云南大关地区为例

碳酸盐岩受水溶蚀易于发育岩溶,形成溶洞、地下河等,常导致油气钻探出现掉钻、卡钻等情况。调查和研究显示,云南大关地区奥陶系五峰—志留系龙马溪组富有机质页岩具有高含气性,是勘探开发的重要领域。然而,该地区分布的二叠系茅口组和栖霞组碳酸盐地层广泛发育岩溶构造,这在很大程度上制约了页岩气的进一步勘探。同时,这两套地层的埋深可能超过1 km,对地球物理方法的探测精度也提出了挑战。本文通过理论模型试算和已有钻孔（D0）的方法试验,明确了音频大地电磁方法识别深部隐伏岩溶的可行性。在预选井位区（D1）开展音频大地电磁探测,并根据电性模型重新部署了调查井（D2）,实际钻井检验了方法的可靠性,并认为不连续分布的高电阻率异常区往往指示岩溶构造的存在,井位布设的有利区可能是高电阻率异常连续分布的块状或带状异常区。因此,音频大地电磁探测不仅对岩溶覆盖区的油气钻井选址具有先导作用,同时也拓宽了该方法的应用范围。