星载高光谱成像光谱仪的特性与应用

介绍了星载高光谱成像光谱仪的种类、技术参数和数据特点,指出了成像光谱数据处理软件包应具有的功能,概括了成像光谱仪数据的应用前景。     

若干高光谱成像新技术及其应用研究

高光谱成像数据已广泛应用于地质、海洋、农林、水文、城市、环境和军事等领域,对经济的可持续发展发挥了促进作用。随着研究的深入和应用的拓展,对高光谱成像系统的技术要求呈现多样化趋势。本文简要回顾了国内外高光谱成像技术的主要发展历程,依次阐述了运动补偿高光谱成像、紧凑型热红外高光谱低温光学、宽谱段一体化机载高光谱集成、基于AOTF分光的凝视型高光谱成像以及阶跃集成滤光片等具有代表性的高光谱成像关键技术,并简要介绍了这些新技术在天宫一号、嫦娥三号等国家重大任务中的应用情况。     

成像光谱数据特征选择及小麦品种识别实验研究

针对河北栾城获得的MAIS成像光谱仪数据用于小麦品种识别进行了特征选择和分类研究。利用遗传算法以JM距离为准则并结合实验区小麦的生物物理特性，进行了最佳波段选择；利用Fuzzy—Anmap分类器及选出的最佳波段对成像光谱数据进行了分类，区分出了4种小麦品种，小麦的总体分类精度超过97％。     

Sagnac型干涉成像光谱仪研制及干涉成像光谱实验

空间调制干涉成像（傅里叶变换）光谱仪（SMIFTS）是一种有重要的研究和应用价值的空间遥感器。依据应用要求和信噪比方程设计并研制了Sagnac型干涉成像（傅里叶变换）光谱仪原理样机。用该样机进行了实验室干涉成像光谱实验，获取了较为清晰的可见光、近红外谱段干涉成像图像。对其中各像元的干涉图进行数据处理和计算，提取出了光谱特征明显的成像光谱图像和与被测图样光谱特征相符的像元光谱。由实测光谱辐射亮度曲线反演计算出的光谱反射曲线与标准仪器测得的图样光谱反射特性曲线进行了比较，结果表明二者对应相似。     

成像光谱仪影像的几种处理方法

针对成像光谱仪影像的专题分析，介绍了沿用常规遥感影像分析方法时的原理和新的算法，提出了影像融合方法的应用，说明了这些方法在学术思想上的归属，并简要介绍了各种方法的实验效果。     

Sagnac型干涉成像光谱仪外场干涉成像光谱实验

空间调制干涉成像 (傅里叶变换 )光谱仪 (SMIFTS)是一种有重要的研究和应用价值的空间遥感器。该文介绍了研制的Sagnac型干涉成像 (傅里叶变换 )光谱仪原理样机及用该样机进行的外场干涉成像光谱实验。实验获取了可见光、近红外谱段干涉成像图像。对其中各像元的干涉图进行数据处理和计算 ,提取出了光谱特征明显突出的外场干涉成像光谱图像和与被测目标光谱特征相符的像元光谱     

成像光谱仪影像的几种处理方法

针对成像光谱仪影像的专题分析，介绍了沿用常规遥感影像分析方法时的原理和新的算法，提出了影像融合方法的应用，说明了这些方法在学术思想上的归属，并简要介绍了各种方法的实验效果。     

鄱阳湖地区高光谱遥感数据的定标研究

针对翻阳湖地区的成像光谱仪遥感数据，利用３种不同的定标模型进行了定标反演的研究。结果表明，在所有的３种定标方法中，经验线性定标模型的反演结果最稳定，基本符合实际。     

鄱阳湖地区高光谱遥感数据的定标研究

针对鄱阳湖地区的成像光谱仪遥感数据，利用３种不同的定标模型进行了定标反演的研究。结果表明，在所有的３种定标方法中，经验线性定标模型的反演结果最稳定，基本符合实际     

机载成像光谱仪图像大气程辐射影响归一及其简化校正

航空成像光谱仪得到的图像，其临边的辐射值与飞机正下方（天底点）的辐射值差别较大，此种现象称之为扫描图像的临边效应，它严重影响图像的质量，使图像的有效使用面积大为减少，还可以引起错误的判读，为了消除这种影响。本文提出一种物理意义明确，在实施过程中简单易行，而有效的方法，文中将祥述航空飞行方式、数据及图像处理方法，而不星载扫描图像的处理问题。     

国内外有关成像光谱数据影像分析方法研究

本文介绍了近年来国内外有关成像光谱数据分析方法的研究进展,着重介绍了除光谱匹配方法以外的一些方法,包括主成分分析,最佳波段组合、改进型最大似然法、基于决策边界特征矩阵的变换和正交子空间投影等方法,并介绍了这些方法的应用效果。     

“一带一路”沿线港口城市天宫二号多光谱影像数据集

港口城市在“一带一路”建设中具有重要地位和作用,遥感影像数据可以为港口城市的动态监测提供有效的信息支撑。天宫二号空间实验室搭载的宽波段成像仪是新一代中分辨率成像光谱仪,具有谱段宽、视场大等特点,在可见近红外、短波红外、热红外谱段共设置有18个通道,空间分辨率分别为100 m、200 m和400 m,自2016-09—2019-07获取了大量的对地观测多光谱影像数据。本文面向 “一带一路”沿线的25个港口城市,从天宫二号宽波段成像仪获取的多光谱数据中挑选出58组不同时间获取的高质量影像,经过预处理、辐射校正、几何校正等处理和数据质量控制,构建了“一带一路”沿线港口城市专题影像数据集,并对该数据集的应用价值和潜力进行了分析。结果表明该数据集可以为“一带一路”沿线港口城市及其周边区域资源环境遥感监测提供重要信息支撑,在港口城市相关的中大尺度场景分类识别方面具有较大应用价值。     

Improving radiometry of imaging spectrometers by using programmable spectral regions of interest

Programmable imaging spectrometers can be adjusted to fit specific application requirements that differ from the instrument initial spectral design goals. Sensor spectral characteristics and its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be changed by applying customized online binning patterns.We present a software utility that generates application driven spectral binning patterns by using an SNR dependent sensor model. The utility, named BinGO (BInning patterN Generator and Optimiser), is used to produce predefined binning patterns that either (a) allow an existing imaging spectrometer to optimize its spectral characteristics for a specific application, (b) allow an existing imaging spectrometer to spectral and/or spatially emulate another instrument, or (c) design new multispectral or imaging spectrometer missions (i.e. spaceborne, airborne, terrestrial). We present a variety of BinGO case studies, including the simulation of airborne (APEX) [Itten, K.I. et al., 2008. APEX — The hyperspectral ESA Airborne Prism Experiment. Sensors 8(1), 1–25], spaceborne (SENTINEL III) [Nieke, J., Frerick, J., Stroede, J., Mavrocordatos, C., Berruti, B., 2008. Status of the optical payload and processor development of ESA’s Sentinel 3 mission. In: Proceedings of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS 2008, pp. 427–430], as well as scientific and performance optimized approaches. We conclude that the presented approach can successfully be used to increase the efficiency of spectral information retrieval by using imaging spectroscopy data and to simulate various missions and requirements, finally supporting proper trade-off decisions to be made between performance optimization and scientific requirements. In addition, if specific sensor parameters are known, BinGO can also model other imaging spectrometers.     

成像光谱遥感技术及其图像光谱信息提取的分析研究

成像光谱技术是80年代发展起来的最新遥感方法。本文对其原理、理论基础及图像光谱信息提取的方法进行了探讨,并在红外细分光谱(FIMS)金矿蚀变带信息提取分析研究的基础上,通过对可见光细分19波段AMSS、澳大利亚的24波段GEOSCAN、MKII AMSS及美国GER64通道成像光谱数据的初步处理,发展和形成了一些针对超多波段成像光谱数据的图像处理和分析及光谱信息提取的方法。 成像光谱信息提取的方法,主要包括图像光谱反射率转换技术、图像光谱曲线显示、光谱特征参数测度(光谱吸收特征的波长位置、宽度、深度)、图像地物光谱曲线与地物光谱数据库的信息匹配以及地物光谱识别专家系统。本文以红外细分光谱图像在金矿蚀变带信息提取分析中的应用为例,讨论了成像光谱图像的一种处理分析技术及其发展前景。     

Longwave Thermal Infrared Spectral Variability in Individual Rocks

An hyperspectral imaging spectrometer measuring in the longwave thermal infrared (7.6-11.6 mum), with a spatial resolution less than 5 mm at a range of 10 m, was used in the field to observe the variability of emissivity spectra of individual rock surfaces. The rocks were obtained commercially, were on the order of 20 cm in size, and were selected to have distinct spectral features: they include alabaster (gypsum), soapstone (steatite with talc), obsidian (volcanic glass), norite (plagioclase and orthopyroxene), and ldquojasperrdquo (silica with iron oxides). The advantages of using an imaging spectrometer to characterize these rocks spectrally are apparent. Large spectral variations were observed within individual rocks that may be attributed to roughness, surface geometry, and compositional variation. Nonimaging spectrometers would normally miss these variations as would small samples used in laboratory measurements, spatially averaged spectra can miss the optimum spectra for identification of materials, and spatially localized components of the rock can be obscured.     

基于谱学的成像光谱遥感技术发展与应用

成像光谱遥感技术是80年代初发展起来的新型遥感技术。近20年来,该技术发展很快,已成为遥感技术发展的3大趋势之一(成像光谱遥感,微波遥感及3S技术系统)。由于成像光谱具有高光谱分辨率的图像与光谱合二为一的特点,它的发展不仅使遥感技术能有效地直接识别地表物质,而且还能更深入地研究地表物质的成分及结构。本文综述成像光谱遥感技术的发展,理论基础,方法技术及其应用。     

A soft-classification-based chlorophyll-a estimation method using MERIS data in the highly turbid and eutrophic Taihu Lake

Soft-classification-based methods for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration (C_chla) by satellite remote sensing have shown great potential in turbid coastal and inland waters. However, one of the most important water color sensors, the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), has not been applied to the study of turbid or eutrophic lakes. In this study, we developed a new soft-classification-based C_chla estimation method using MERIS data for the highly turbid and eutrophic Taihu Lake. We first developed a decision tree to classify Taihu Lake into three optical water types (OWTs) using MERIS reflectance data, which were quasi-synchronous (±3 h) with in situ measured C_chla data from 91 sample stations. Secondly, we used MERIS reflectance and in situ measured C_chla data in each OWT to calibrate the optimal C_chla estimation model for each OWT. We then developed a soft-classification-based C_chla estimation method, which blends the C_chla estimation results in each OWT by a weighted average, where the weight for each MERIS spectra in each OWT is the reciprocal value of the spectral angle distance between the MERIS spectra and the centroid spectra of the OWT. Finally, the soft-classification based C_chla estimation algorithm was validated and compared with no-classification and hard-classification-based methods by the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method. The soft-classification-based method exhibited the best performance, with a correlation coefficient (R²), average relative error (ARE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.81, 33.8%, and 7.0 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the soft-classification-based method displayed smooth values at the edges of OWT boundaries, which resolved the main problem with the hard-classification-based method. The seasonal and annual variations of C_chla were computed in Taihu Lake from 2003 to 2011, and agreed with the results of previous studies, further indicating the stability of the algorithm. We therefore propose that the soft-classification-based method can be effectively used in Taihu Lake, and that it has the potential for use in other optically-similar turbid and eutrophic lakes, and using spectrally-similar satellite sensors.     

Calibration facility for airborne imaging spectrometers

A new facility designed to perform calibration measurements of airborne imaging spectrometers was established at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen. This Calibration Home Base (CHB) is optimized to characterize radiometrically, spectrally, and geometrically the APEX (Airborne Prism Experiment) imaging spectrometer, which is currently being developed under the authority of the European Space Agency (ESA). It however can be used for other optical sensors as well. Computer control of major laboratory equipment allows automation of time consuming measurements. In APEX configuration (wavelength range: 380 to 2500 nm, instantaneous field of view: 0.48 mrad, field of view: ±14) spectral measurements can be performed to a wavelength uncertainty of ±0.15 nm, geometric measurements at increments of 0.0017 mrad across track and 0.0076 mrad along track, and radiometric measurements to an uncertainty of ±3% relative to national standard. The CHB can be adapted to similar sensors (including those with thermal infrared detectors) by exchanging the monochromator’s lamp, the gratings and the filters, and by adjusting the distance between the sensor and folding mirror.     

利用单相机和神经网络估计的室内定位导航

由于三维场景与二维图像之间存在着非线性和高度复杂的关系,使用相机对用户的位置进行估计需要建立复杂的数学模型。针对该问题,本文提出了使用神经网络估计的单相机进行室内定位的方法。室内定位系统的主要优点是LED能够使用可见光通信发送其位置信息。首先,该方法充分利用LED光线的投影不变性,借助图像传感器通信（ISC）完成虚拟直线的构建;然后,运用神经网络估计从该虚拟直线中提取出相机的方向信息;最后,使用一个简单数学方程估计用户位置。仿真试验考虑了4种情形,结果表明,本文提出的方法性能优于同类方法,对于一个房间内的大部分地方,定位误差在35 mm以内。     

天宫一号高光谱成像仪系统光谱辐射校正

针对天宫一号高光谱成像仪工作原理与数据特点,提出了可见—近红外波段高光谱成像仪,短波红外波段高光谱成像仪的系统光谱辐射校正方法,给出1级标准产品数据生成流程.该过程包括:背景噪声扣除,相对与绝对辐射校正,坏列检测与修复,光谱smile校正.最后,面向光谱辐射校正后数据存储给出了数据放大系数.为天宫一号高光谱数据的标准化产品生产提供了技术支撑,为天宫一号高光谱成像仪的在轨运行、民用示范与定量化应用提供了重要基础.