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1.
高斯波包反射走时速度反演方法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
李辉  殷俊锋  王华忠 《地球物理学报》2017,60(10):3916-3933

扰动高斯波包理论指出,在Gabor域描述模型的扰动成分,且入射波场为短时宽带信号时,扰动波场可在时间域通过高斯波包算子描述.在此基础上通过拟合反射波的走时,提出一种速度反演方法.反射波走时残差利用地震道局部波形的互相关函数表示,以走时残差的二范数作为目标函数,优化目标函数实现对速度场的反演.基于一阶Born近似,利用扰动高斯波包理论推导出目标函数对速度场的梯度是本文理论部分的核心内容.梯度包括两部分:正传的背景波场与反传的扰动高斯波包之间的互相关,反传的背景波场和正传的扰动高斯波包之间的互相关.梯度表达式中背景波场和扰动波场均利用高斯波包算子模拟.计算梯度的具体算法中,如何模拟扰动波场,以及如何计算反射波的走时残差是两个要点,文中对此做了详细的讨论.数值实验进一步阐述了反演的实现策略,实验结果表明高斯波包反射走时速度反演方法和实现策略有效可行,并得到了理想的反演结果.

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2.
基于声波方程的井间地震数据快速WTW反演方法   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
WTW(Wave equation traveltime+Waveform inversion)反演是基于波动方程的走时反演(WT反演)和波形反演的联合反演方法.WT反演利用波动方程计算走时和走时关于速度的导数,和传统以射线为基础的走时反演相比,具有不必射线追踪、不必拾取初至、不必高频假设以及初始模型和实际模型差别较大时也能较好收敛等优点,但WT反演与波形反演相比其结果分辨率低.与之互补的是,波形反演的反演结果分辨率高,但是当所给初始模型和实际模型相差太大时,波形反演迭代算法容易陷入局部极小点.可见结合两种方法的WTW反演是一种比较好的联合反演方法.常规WTW迭代算法是首先以WT反演为主反演得到地质模型的整体特征,然后再以波形反演为主反演模型细节,该算法耗时和占用计算机存储空间接近WT反演或波形反演的两倍.为了节省运算耗时和计算机存储空间,往往采取首先单独利用WT反演然后再单独利用波形反演的算法.这样做的缺点是不能紧密结合两种反演方法,使得它们的优缺点在每一次迭代中无法得到互补,从而影响了最终的反演结果.针对以上事实,本文提出一种新的方法实现WTW,使得WTW运算速度和存储空间在任何情况下等同于WT反演或波形反演.模型计算表明新的算法具有更好的收敛性.  相似文献   

3.
地震包络反演对局部极小值的抑制特性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
为了实现包络反演,需要通过一种非线性运算来提取信号包络.这种非线性的包络提取过程可以将信号包络中所包含的对介质扰动的大尺度响应从原始地震信号中分离出来,从而抑制反演中的局部极小值,能够在缺乏低频信息的情况下,为全波形反演提供一个良好的初始模型.本文研究包络反演对局部极小值的抑制作用,并通过目标函数形态的对比来展现这一特性.对Marmousi速度模型和Overthrust速度模型做了反演,证明了该方法的有效性.  相似文献   

4.

全波形反演能够利用地震波场信息进行高分辨率地下介质速度建模,具有精确刻画模型细节特征的潜力.传统的全波形反演以L2范数作为目标函数,逐样本比较观测地震数据和合成地震数据之间差异,利用伴随状态法求解梯度.由于全波形反演是高度非线性的,当初始模型不准确时,反演结果容易陷入局部极小值.本文提出使用具有全局比较能力的图空间最优输运Sinkhorn距离作为目标函数.图空间Sinkhorn距离对信号时移和振幅变化具有较好的凸性,能够解决反演过程中的周期跳变问题.利用理论指导的数据科学算法将全波形反演问题转化为深度学习优化问题,偏微分方程约束用于优化波动方程中表征介质地球物理性质的模型参数.反演过程中采用自动微分计算梯度,并利用Adam优化算法对模型进行更新.模型测试结果表明本文方法能够取得较好的反演结果,并且具有较强的噪声鲁棒性,对于震源子波和初始模型的依赖性较低.

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5.

基于L2范数的常规全波形反演目标函数是一个强非线性泛函,在反演过程中容易陷入局部极小值.本文提出归一化能量谱目标函数来缓解全波形反演过程中的强非线性问题,同时能够有效地缓解噪声和震源子波不准等因素的影响.能量谱目标函数是通过匹配观测数据与模拟数据随频率分布的能量信息来实现最小二乘反演的,其忽略了地震数据波形与相位变化的细节特征,这在反演的过程中能够有效缓解波形匹配错位等问题.数值测试结果表明,基于归一化能量谱目标函数在构建初始速度模型、抗噪性和缓解震源子波依赖等方面都优于归一化全波形反演目标函数.金属矿模型测试结果表明,即使地震数据缺失低频分量,基于归一化能量谱目标函数的全波形反演方法在像金属矿这样的强散射介质反演问题上同样具有一定的优势.

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6.
包络信号含有丰富的低频分量,即使在地震数据缺失低频条件下,包络目标函数也能有效缓解全波形反演的周期跳跃现象.但是,当初始速度模型较为平滑时,观测数据中的反射地震事件在模拟数据中没有与之相对应的波形,导致包络反演初期无法很好地利用反射波信号进行速度建模.本文提出基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法,通过结合反射波全波形反演理论,构建反射波时频域包络目标函数,来提高包络反演的速度建模精度.本文首先利用Gabor变换获取时频域地震数据,并提取振幅信息,即为时频域包络信号.然后,推导反射波时频域包络反演的伴随震源和梯度算子.Marmousi模型数据测试结果表明,基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法可以为全波形反演提供一个较好的初始速度模型.  相似文献   

7.
包络信号含有丰富的低频分量,即使在地震数据缺失低频条件下,包络目标函数也能有效缓解全波形反演的周期跳跃现象.但是,当初始速度模型较为平滑时,观测数据中的反射地震事件在模拟数据中没有与之相对应的波形,导致包络反演初期无法很好地利用反射波信号进行速度建模.本文提出基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法,通过结合反射波全波形反演理论,构建反射波时频域包络目标函数,来提高包络反演的速度建模精度.本文首先利用Gabor变换获取时频域地震数据,并提取振幅信息,即为时频域包络信号.然后,推导反射波时频域包络反演的伴随震源和梯度算子.Marmousi模型数据测试结果表明,基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法可以为全波形反演提供一个较好的初始速度模型.  相似文献   

8.
采用弹性波全波形反演方法精确重建深部金属矿多参数模型,建模过程采用基于地震照明的反演策略.首先给出基于照明理论的观测系统可视性定义,利用可视性分析构建新的目标函数,对反演目标可视性较高的炮检对接收到的地震记录在波场匹配时占有更高的权重,确保了参与反演计算中的地震数据的有效性;其次将给定观测系统对地下介质的弹性波场照明强度作为优化因子,根据地震波在波阻抗界面处的能量分配特点,自适应补偿波场能量分布和优化速度梯度,以提高弹性波全波形反演过程的稳定性和反演结果的精度.理论模型和金属矿模型反演试验结果表明,基于可视性分析和能量补偿的反演策略可以使弹性波全波形反演更快地收敛到目标函数的全局极小值,获得适用于金属矿高分辨率地震偏移成像的多参数模型.  相似文献   

9.
瑞雷面波,又被称为地滚波,具有强能量和频散特性.面波对地下介质中横波速度十分敏感,利用面波测量浅层剪切波速度结构,已经在浅表勘探领域有了广泛的应用.本文研究瑞雷面波波场的F-K域全波形反演方法,成像近地表横波速度结构.首先对地震数据进行二维傅里叶变换至F-K域,以F-K域振幅谱数据构建目标函数,降低了面波波形反演的非线性;通过对目标函数的迭代求解,得到最优的反演速度模型.并且,采用从低频到高频的多尺度反演策略,减小了面波波形反演中对初始模型的依赖,缓解了周期跳跃的问题.为了验证本文方法的可行性,对水平层状模型、横向变速模型及异常体模型的横波速度结构反演,结果显示,F-K域面波波形反演方法能够有效的对近地表横波速度模型进行重构,得到高分辨率的近地表速度成像.  相似文献   

10.

全波形反演可以为叠前深度偏移成像提供更高精度的速度模型,但该方法具有较强的非线性,对初始速度模型的依赖性较强,尤其是在实际应用中,地质条件复杂多变,速度变化不连续,增加了反演非线性程度,常常使反演陷入局部极小值,影响反演的精度.全变差约束在图像去噪领域应用广泛,属于非光滑约束,在去噪过程中能有效的保留图像的不连续界面和边缘信息.本文提出基于Hinge损失函数的垂向全变差约束全波形反演方法,在全变差约束的基础上,利用Hinge损失函数控制模型的更新方向,并使用原-对偶混合梯度算法进行求解,给出这一优化问题的迭代格式,有效提高了对地下不连续界面的重构精度,同时也降低反演对初始速度模型的依赖程度.数值算例证明:与常规全波形反演方法相比,基于全变差约束的全波形反演方法可以有效的重构速度模型中的不连续界面,尤其对高速体边缘的重构效果更明显,但该方法对初始速度模型的依赖性仍然较强;基于Hinge损失函数的垂向全变差约束全波形反演方法降低了对初始速度模型的依赖程度,可以从一个较差的初始模型通过循环迭代的方式最终得到同样精确的速度模型,较好的重构了高速体边缘和不连续界面.

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11.
Reflection full waveform inversion can update subsurface velocity structure of the deeper part, but tends to get stuck in the local minima associated with the waveform misfit function. These local minima cause cycle skipping if the initial background velocity model is far from the true model. Since conventional reflection full waveform inversion using two‐way wave equation in time domain is computationally expensive and consumes a large amount of memory, we implement a correlation‐based reflection waveform inversion using one‐way wave equations to retrieve the background velocity. In this method, one‐way wave equations are used for the seismic wave forward modelling, migration/de‐migration and the gradient computation of objective function in frequency domain. Compared with the method using two‐way wave equation, the proposed method benefits from the lower computational cost of one‐way wave equations without significant accuracy reduction in the cases without steep dips. It also largely reduces the memory requirement by an order of magnitude than implementation using two‐way wave equation both for two‐ and three‐dimensional situations. Through numerical analysis, we also find that one‐way wave equations can better construct the low wavenumber reflection wavepath without producing high‐amplitude short‐wavelength components near the image points in the reflection full waveform inversion gradient. Synthetic test and real data application show that the proposed method efficiently updates the background velocity model.  相似文献   

12.
不依赖子波、基于包络的FWI初始模型建立方法研究   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
地震全波形反演(FWI)从理论走向实际面临着诸多难题,其中之一就是需要一个较高精度的初始模型,另一个难题就是需要一个较为精确的震源子波,初始模型和震源子波的准确程度严重影响着全波形反演的最终结果.为此,本文提出了不依赖子波、基于包络的FWI初始模型建立的方法,建立了相应的目标函数,推导出了反演的梯度,给出了伴随震源的表达式,理论上分析了不依赖子波FWI的可行性.在数值试验中,讨论了参考道的选取方式,通过分析归一化目标函数收敛速率,认为近偏移距参考道优于远偏移距参考道,在地震数据含干扰噪音时,平均道作为参考道要优于最小偏移距参考道.通过包络、包络对数、包络平方三种目标函数反演结果的比较,发现包络对数目标函数对深层的反演效果最好.通过不同子波的试验进一步验证了本方法的正确性.  相似文献   

13.
Full‐waveform inversion is re‐emerging as a powerful data‐fitting procedure for quantitative seismic imaging of the subsurface from wide‐azimuth seismic data. This method is suitable to build high‐resolution velocity models provided that the targeted area is sampled by both diving waves and reflected waves. However, the conventional formulation of full‐waveform inversion prevents the reconstruction of the small wavenumber components of the velocity model when the subsurface is sampled by reflected waves only. This typically occurs as the depth becomes significant with respect to the length of the receiver array. This study first aims to highlight the limits of the conventional form of full‐waveform inversion when applied to seismic reflection data, through a simple canonical example of seismic imaging and to propose a new inversion workflow that overcomes these limitations. The governing idea is to decompose the subsurface model as a background part, which we seek to update and a singular part that corresponds to some prior knowledge of the reflectivity. Forcing this scale uncoupling in the full‐waveform inversion formalism brings out the transmitted wavepaths that connect the sources and receivers to the reflectors in the sensitivity kernel of the full‐waveform inversion, which is otherwise dominated by the migration impulse responses formed by the correlation of the downgoing direct wavefields coming from the shot and receiver positions. This transmission regime makes full‐waveform inversion amenable to the update of the long‐to‐intermediate wavelengths of the background model from the wide scattering‐angle information. However, we show that this prior knowledge of the reflectivity does not prevent the use of a suitable misfit measurement based on cross‐correlation, to avoid cycle‐skipping issues as well as a suitable inversion domain as the pseudo‐depth domain that allows us to preserve the invariant property of the zero‐offset time. This latter feature is useful to avoid updating the reflectivity information at each non‐linear iteration of the full‐waveform inversion, hence considerably reducing the computational cost of the entire workflow. Prior information of the reflectivity in the full‐waveform inversion formalism, a robust misfit function that prevents cycle‐skipping issues and a suitable inversion domain that preserves the seismic invariant are the three key ingredients that should ensure well‐posedness and computational efficiency of full‐waveform inversion algorithms for seismic reflection data.  相似文献   

14.
Waveform inversion met severe challenge in retrieving long‐wavelength background structure. We have proposed to use envelope inversion to recover the large‐scale component of the model. Using the large‐scale background recovered by envelope inversion as new starting model, we can get much better result than the conventional full waveform inversion. By comparing the configurations of the misfit functional between the envelope inversion and the conventional waveform inversion, we show that envelope inversion can greatly reduce the local minimum problem. The combination of envelope inversion and waveform inversion can deliver more faithful and accurate final result with almost no extra computation cost compared to the conventional full waveform inversion. We also tested the noise resistance ability of envelope inversion to Gaussian noise and seismic interference noise. The results showed that envelope inversion is insensitive to Gaussian noise and, to a certain extent, insensitive to seismic interference noise. This indicates the robustness of this method and its potential use for noisy data.  相似文献   

15.
The waveform inversion method is applied—using synthetic ocean-bottom seismometer(OBS) data—to study oceanic crust structure. A niching genetic algorithm(NGA) is used to implement the inversion for the thickness and P-wave velocity of each layer, and to update the model by minimizing the objective function, which consists of the misfit and cross-correlation of observed and synthetic waveforms. The influence of specific NGA method parameters is discussed, and suitable values are presented.The NGA method works well for various observation systems, such as those with irregular and sparse distribution of receivers as well as single receiver systems. A strategy is proposed to accelerate the convergence rate by a factor of five with no increase in computational complexity; this is achieved using a first inversion with several generations to impose a restriction on the preset range of each parameter and then conducting a second inversion with the new range. Despite the successes of this method,its usage is limited. A shallow water layer is not favored because the direct wave in water will suppress the useful reflection signals from the crust. A more precise calculation of the air-gun source signal should be considered in order to better simulate waveforms generated in realistic situations; further studies are required to investigate this issue.  相似文献   

16.
Full waveform inversion aims to use all information provided by seismic data to deliver high-resolution models of subsurface parameters. However, multiparameter full waveform inversion suffers from an inherent trade-off between parameters and from ill-posedness due to the highly non-linear nature of full waveform inversion. Also, the models recovered using elastic full waveform inversion are subject to local minima if the initial models are far from the optimal solution. In addition, an objective function purely based on the misfit between recorded and modelled data may honour the seismic data, but disregard the geological context. Hence, the inverted models may be geologically inconsistent, and not represent feasible lithological units. We propose that all the aforementioned difficulties can be alleviated by explicitly incorporating petrophysical information into the inversion through a penalty function based on multiple probability density functions, where each probability density function represents a different lithology with distinct properties. We treat lithological units as clusters and use unsupervised K-means clustering to separate the petrophysical information into different units of distinct lithologies that are not easily distinguishable. Through several synthetic examples, we demonstrate that the proposed framework leads full waveform inversion to elastic models that are superior to models obtained either without incorporating petrophysical information, or with a probabilistic penalty function based on a single probability density function.  相似文献   

17.
We invert three-dimensional seismic data by a multiscale phase inversion scheme, a modified version of full waveform inversion, which applies higher order integrations to the input signal to produce low-boost signals. These low-boost signals are used as the input data for the early iterations, and lower order integrations are computed at the later iterations. The advantages of multiscale phase inversion are that it (1) is less dependent on the initial model compared to full waveform inversion, (2) is less sensitive to incorrectly modelled magnitudes and (3) employs a simple and natural frequency shaping filtering. For a layered model with a three-dimensional velocity anomaly, results with synthetic data show that multiscale phase inversion can sometimes provide a noticeably more accurate velocity profile than full waveform inversion. Results with the Society of Exploration Geophysicists/European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers overthrust model shows that multiscale phase inversion more clearly resolves meandering channels in the depth slices. However, the data and model misfit functions achieve about the same values after 50 iterations. The results with three-dimensional ocean-bottom cable data show that, compared to the full waveform inversion tomogram, the three-dimensional multiscale phase inversion tomogram provides a better match to the well log, and better flattens angle-domain common image gathers. The problem is that the tomograms at the well log provide an incomplete low-wavenumber estimate of the log's velocity profile. Therefore, a good low-wavenumber estimate of the velocity model is still needed for an accurate multiscale phase inversion tomogram.  相似文献   

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