福建云山火山喷发盆地形成的构造背景

云山火山喷发盆地是福建省早白垩世最典型的火山构造,通过对云山火山喷发盆地形成的构造背景与成矿作用关系的研究,认为云山火山喷发盆地的演化与闽江口—永定断裂带的右行走滑有关,早白垩世初由于走滑断裂带在云山一带拐弯,在进一步走滑过程中逐渐发展演化成具有拉分盆地（Pull-apart basin）性质的火山构造洼地。随着主断裂的生长,北东东向的拉张区不断扩大,在拉分盆地发育末期,这种拉张作用遍及整个盆地。拉分盆地还控制了外围金、银、铅锌等矿床点的形成。     

新疆西天山的变形序列解析

在西天山的构造演化中，至少发生了三个变形旋回和六个变形世代的构造事件，并伴随着密切相关的沉积事件、变质事件和岩浆事件。这些变形序列的详细研究，为认识西天山地区地质发展和找矿方向提供了科学依据。     

腾冲地块高地热异常区晚白垩世-始新世钾玄质强过铝花岗岩岩石地球化学、年代学特征及构造意义

腾冲地块高地热异常区清水左所营初糜棱岩化黑云母二长花岗岩岩体、新华黑石河热田强糜棱岩化黑云母二长花岗岩岩体、热海热田硫磺塘硅化碎裂正长花岗岩岩体变形变质、岩石地球化学及锆石年代学的研究表明,晚白垩世(73Ma)初糜棱岩化黑云母二长花岗岩岩体为高温钾玄质强过铝花岗岩,形成于活动大陆边缘火山弧-后碰撞转换或过渡构造环境,并经历强烈伸展变形作用,普遍发育早期近水平-低角度(30°)韧性伸展剪切糜棱面理,局部发育晚期高角度右旋走滑挤压韧性糜棱面理;始新世(48~46Ma)强糜棱岩化黑云母二长花岗岩岩体、硅化碎裂正长花岗岩岩体为中-高温钾玄质强过铝花岗岩,并具铝质A型花岗岩特征,形成于后碰撞-板内构造环境,以发育晚期高角度(70°~87°)右旋走滑挤压韧性糜棱面理为特征,其右旋走滑韧性剪切变形时代晚于始新世(48~46Ma)。晚白垩世-始新世钾玄质强过铝花岗岩的形成与俯冲-碰撞造山隆升后的伸展垮塌、拆沉地幔物质上涌玄武质岩浆底侵和地壳部分熔融作用密切相关。始新世-第四纪岩浆活动与高地热异常区(带)空间上密切伴生,新近纪晚期-第四纪构造活动主要表现为脆性走滑-拉张正断层和构造拉分断陷盆地的形成,构造断陷边界断裂与深部岩浆活动是导致腾冲地区高地热异常区(带)中-高温地热温泉沿走滑-拉张断裂带集中分布的主要原因。     

Aptian— Albian tectonic pattern of the Basque— Cantabrian Basin (Northern Spain)

During the Aptian and Albian thick terrigenous and carbonate successions of sediments up to 5000 m thick, including shallow water rudist limestones (Urgonian facies), were deposited in the Basque– Cantabrian Basin of northern Spain as a result of an intense rift-related subsidence. Based on criteria from surface and subsurface data, syn-sedimentary faults, folds, angular unconformities, diapirs and sub-basins are distinguished within the Urgonian successions. Faults are grouped into N– S, E– W, NW– SE and NE– SW families and most are normal and strike-slip. Folds are gentle anticlines and synclines related to major faults. The angular unconformities have small hiatuses, poor lateral continuity and they are associated with either folds or tilted blocks. Diapirs are related to the intersection of major basement faults and in at least one instance the diapir was fossilized by Late Albian times. Strong differential subsidence controlled by basement faults determined the division of the basin into many subbasins of different sizes, which acted as depocentres (e.g. Bilbao). Despite the tectonic inversion which affected the basin during the Tertiary and created thrusts in their margins and centre, the present position of the syn-sedimentary tectonic structures gives approximate clues about the broad structural style and this reveals the original model of basin extension. Features characteristic of strike-slip identified in different parts of the basin are displaced geological lines, wrench corridors, drag effects, thickness shifts, paired uplifts and basins, vaulting of ‘slabs’, decreasing displacements, horsetail and fault splays, ‘chessboard’, oroflexural bending, pull-apart geometries, in-line horst slices, and restraining/releasing bends. Sinistral strike-slip movements along major NW– SE faults are supposedly responsible for transtension, which characterized the basin particularly during the Albian. In this scenario, the main wrench movements would have concentrated along the Oiz domain (Biscay Tertiary Synclinorium) and is a situation that has more in common with the strike-slip model proposed by some workers for the western Pyrenees, than with the simple extension models proposed for the northern margin of the Bay of Biscay.     

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地与邻区基底构造变形、形成演化及其对矿床分布的控制

本文简略分析了庐枞火山岩盆地形成的地质构造背景及火山岩盆地内两个重要不整合界面,两类不同性质断裂的特征。文中详细论述了庐枞及邻区印支期褶皱基底中两期叠加褶皱变形特征及其对地层序列与空间展布的控制。介绍了区内印支期金子运动与南象运动的存在表现及争议。根据近期在巢湖、和县一带普遍发现东马鞍山组与南陵湖组间不整合接触关系,进一步肯定了金子运动的存在,从而探讨了印支期两期褶皱变形形成的运动学基础及可能形成的动力学条件。在对上述成矿背景重新认识的基础上,总结了区内三类矿床的成矿特征及找矿方向(与火山岩有关的铁矿、与中酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜矿及铅锌矿、接触交代型与层控型铁铜矿)。强调了燕山期构造,特别是断裂构造对岩浆侵入、火山活动及与其相关成矿作用的控制,并对区内典型矿床的控岩控矿构造条件作了论述。     

The Cretaceous Songliao Basin: Volcanogenic Succession, Sedimentary Sequence and Tectonic Evolution, NE China

The Songliao basin (SB) is a superposed basin with two different kinds of basin fills. The lower one is characterized by a fault-bounded volcanogenic succession comprising of intercalated volcanic, pyroclastic and epiclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks, dating from 110 Ma to 130 Ma, are of geochemically active continental margin type. Fast northward migration of the SB block occurred during the major episodes of the volcanism inferred from their paleomagnetic information. The upper one of the basin fill is dominated by non-marine sag-style sedimentary sequence of siliciclastics and minor carbonates. The basin center shifted westwards from the early to late Cretaceous revealed by the GGT seismic velocity structure suggesting dynamic change in the basin evolution. Thus, a superposed basin model is proposed. Evolution of the SB involves three periods including (1) Alptian and pre-Aptian: a retroarc basin and range system of Andes type related to Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt (MOCB); (2) Albian to Companian: a sag-like strike-slip basin under transtension related to oblique subduction of the Pacific plate along the eastern margin of the Eurasian plate; (3) since Maastrichtian: a tectonic inverse basin under compression related to normal subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate, characterized by overthrust, westward migration of the depocenter and eastward uplifting of the basin margin.     

滇西新生代盆山耦合与砂岩型铀矿找矿方向

滇西新生代盆地初始成盆时间约为14Ma,与腾冲微板块东缘泸水-瑞丽弧形右旋走滑断裂带和西缘那邦右旋走滑断裂带晚期活动时间相耦合。新生代盆地演化可分为沉积成盆与改造盆地2个阶段,前者与走滑造山带走滑活动相耦合,形成走滑盆地;后者与盆地整体隆升剥蚀密切相关,形成残留盆地。滇西地区存在2种类型的新生代盆地,其盆地沉积演化、火山活动、地貌景观等不同,砂岩型铀矿成矿条件亦存在差异。寻找砂岩型铀矿最有利处是北部腾冲地区改造盆地阶段盆地持续隆升、存在大规模火山活动、深切割低山-丘陵-河谷阶地地貌的新生代盆地。     

中国与火山岩—斑岩有关的金银多金属矿成矿地质特征

与火山岩—斑岩有关的金银矿矿集区和大型矿床的形成是多种因素综合作用的结果,特别是火山盆地类型及结构、大地构造背景、基底断裂、火山岩岩相和岩类、基底矿源层、火山机构内部构造、流体系统等对于矿床的形成起着决定性的作用。上叠式火山盆地能否成矿,关键是基底是否具备初始矿源层,岩浆是否起源于上地幔并同熔了老基底中的矿源层。继承性火山盆地能否形成金银矿,关键在于上下两套建造中火山岩的发育程度和火山—沉积建造的连续性,一般底部构造层中发育玄武岩、科马提岩、枕状熔岩等中基性、碱性火山岩,顶部构造层以中—酸性火山岩为主时,对成矿有利。大地构造位置上为两个构造单元的接合部位,与金银矿成矿有关的火山盆地或其基底都经历过裂陷拉张环境,不管是盖层还是基底,必有其一为裂谷或岛弧环境岩石建造。许多中大型矿床和矿集区都分布在多次开合的裂谷环境中。斑岩体岩石类型、成分、形态、产状控制矿体的定位和展布,潜火山岩、斑岩体与金银矿存在空间上的不可分割性、时间上的同一性和成因上的内在联系。单一的火山熔岩很少形成矿床,形成金银矿床的火山岩常为凝灰岩、凝灰质集块岩、凝灰质火山熔岩,岩相上常为从火山岩向沉积岩过渡的地方,岩石组合为火山碎屑岩+凝灰岩+杂砂岩、粉砂岩+熔岩+泥质岩+碳酸岩。“三重结构”构造控矿,即深层次基底断裂,中深部位的盖层断裂,超浅、近地表—地表构造。以火山机构为中心从下向上形成多位容矿裂隙：侵入体(斑岩)顶部裂隙系统,隐爆角砾岩筒裂隙系统,破火山口裂隙系统。潜火山岩发生多期隐爆形成具一定延深的角砾岩筒,往往存在多个热流体系统,补给系统和排放系统完全时对成矿有利。     

伊宁吐拉苏火山盆地构造与金矿成矿关系

伊宁吐拉苏火山盆地发育在前寒武纪和加里东基底上,盖层主要由早石炭世陆相火山岩组成。基底与盖层中的断裂、褶皱构造特征有显著差异。火山构造单元划有火山喷发带、火山构造带、火山机体三级。构造演化经历了基底和火山盆地形成及剥蚀三个阶段。金矿产于大哈拉军山组。认为三级控矿构造与三级火山构造相对应,分别控制着金矿带、金矿田、金矿床（点）的展布和产出。     

珠江口盆地多期走滑构造与叠合型拉分盆地:以阳江东凹为例

珠江口盆地的成盆机制和构造演化过程探讨是该地区烃源岩研究中不可缺少的环节,也是大家广泛关注的焦点问题.本文以阳江东凹为例,通过整体与局部相结合的分析方法,从整体上确定了研究区走滑断裂的发育特征和展布框架,明确了区域构造运动与走滑断裂的成因联系;并将整体划分成局部,聚焦于阳江东凹古近纪盆地构造演化阶段逐步分解与精细检验,...     

新疆阿舍勒盆地泥盆纪火成岩与构造-岩浆演化

阿舍勒泥盆纪火山盆地是阿尔泰西南缘重要的矿集区,产出我国著名的火山成因块状硫化物型(VMS)矿床——阿舍勒铜矿.其内部发育的火山岩和侵入岩地球化学特征记录了阿舍勒盆地的构造岩浆演化和成岩、成矿作用过程,但其形成构造背景和成岩成矿机制一直存在争论.本文报道了阿舍勒矿集区萨尔朔克铜金多金属矿区深部英云闪长岩的LA-MC-I...     

论沉积盆地构造岩相变形史研究方法及应用

基于(非)金属矿产-铀-煤-油气资源同盆共存,盆内构造岩相变形史与成藏成矿事件的耦合结构一直是科学难题.在构造岩相学填图和构造岩相变形史研究基础上,将沉积盆地构造岩相变形史划分为前盆地期、成盆期、盆地反转期、盆地构造变形改造期、盆内岩浆叠加期和盆地表生变化期6个演化期.研究发现,采用构造岩相学填图创新方法,可有效圈定沉...     

祁连山中段门源盆地新构造运动的阶段划分

门源盆地是祁连山中段的山间盆地, 南北边缘均为断裂控制, 发育古近系白杨河组、第四纪冰碛物和冰水堆积物。地层变形、地貌发育和断裂活动分期的差异显示新生代以来门源盆地经历了4个构造运动阶段。新生代最早的构造运动开始于渐新世中期(约30MaB.P.), Ⅰ级夷平面解体, 盆地断陷形成并接收了白杨河组砂砾石沉积。第二阶段始于渐新世末期-中新世初(约23MaB.P.), 盆地结束了沉降过程, 白杨河组褶皱变形, 这一过程持续至中更新世初期。第三阶段始于中更新世中期(约460ka B.P.), 新的边界断裂形成, 盆地再次断陷, 堆积了厚度大于400m的冰碛或冰水堆积物, 边缘断裂强烈活动, 这一过程持续到晚更新世晚期(约30ka B.P.)。最新阶段始于30ka B.P., 盆地和两侧的山地整体抬升, 盆地面由此前的加积过程转变为侵蚀切割过程, 北缘断裂的活动由含走滑分量的逆冲性质转变为走滑性质, 但走滑速率明显降低。      

冀中坳陷古近纪的伸展构造

冀中坳陷的构造格架是新生代的伸展构造系统。该系统以大兴、保定－石家庄拆离滑脱断层为主体,与牛东－河东、马西、宁晋、新河等伸展断层以及徐水－安新变换带和衡水、宝坻－桐柏镇变换断层等组合而成。据平衡剖面和基底沉降曲线分析,冀中坳陷古近纪伸展作用过程持续发育,具幕式特点,以沙三期伸展作用最为强烈。地壳的快速伸展作用与火山活动强度之间缺乏耦合关系。冀中坳陷的动力学成因与伸展背景下的剪切作用有关。     

江西相山地区中,新生低构造演化对富大铀矿形成的制约

江西相山铀矿田是我国目前最大的火山岩型铀矿田,一直是铀矿地质学界的研究热点之一。大量的新资料支持以下的构造演化模型：成矿前的走滑剪切;成矿期的伸展拉张;成矿后的挤压逆冲。这一构造演化体系是形成相山富大铀矿田的有利地质构造背景。     

Tertiary to recent oblique convergence and wrenching of the Central Dinarides: Constraints from a palaeostress study

The late Eocene to Neogene tectonic evolution of the Dinarides is characterised by shortening and orogen-parallel wrenching superposed on the late Cretaceous and Eocene double-vergent orogenic system. The Central Dinarides exposes NW-trending tectonic units, which were transported towards the Adria/Apulian microcontinent during late Cretaceous–Palaeogene times. These units were also affected by subsequent processes of late Palaeogene to Neogene shortening, Neogene extension and subsidence of intramontane sedimentary basins and Pliocene–Quaternary surface uplift and denudation. The intramontane basins likely relate to formation of the Pannonian basin. Major dextral SE-trending strike-slip faults are mostly parallel to boundaries of major tectonic units and suggest dextral orogen-parallel wrenching of the whole Central Dinarides during the Neogene indentation of the Apulian microplate into the Alps and back-arc type extension in the Pannonian basin. These fault systems have been evaluated with the standard palaeostress techniques. We report four palaeostress tensor groups, which are tentatively ordered in a succession from oldest to youngest: (1) Palaeostress tensor group 1 (D₁) of likely late Eocene age indicates E–W shortening accommodated by reverse and strike-slip faults. (2) Palaeostress tensor group 2 (D₂) comprises N/NW-trending dextral and W/WSW-trending sinistral strike-slip faults, as well as WNW-striking reverse faults. These indicate NE–SW contraction and subordinate NW–SE extension related to Oligocene to early Miocene shortening of the Dinaric orogenic wedge. (3) Palaeostress tensor group 3a (D_3a) comprises mainly NW-trending normal faults, which indicate early/middle Miocene NE–SW extension related to syn-rift extension in the Pannonian basin. The subsequent palaeostress tensor group 3b (D_3b) includes NE-trending, SE-dipping normal faults indicating NW–SE extension, which is likely related to further extension in the Pannonian basin. (4) Palaeostress tensor group 4 (D₄) is characterised by mainly NW-trending dextral and NE-trending sinistral strike-slip faults. Together, with some E-trending reverse faults, they indicate roughly N–S shortening and dextral wrenching during late Miocene to Quaternary. This is partly consistent with the present-day kinematics, with motion of the Adriatic microplate constrained by GPS data and earthquake focal mechanisms. The north–north-westward motion and counterclockwise rotation of the Adriatic microplate significantly contribute the shortening and present-day wrenching in the Central Dinarides.     

中国大陆东部晚中生代构造活化及其演化过程

与中生代中期造山型构造活化不同．晚中生代期间,中国大陆东部的构造活化表现为规模宏大的断陷盆地系、变质核杂岩、花岗岩浆侵位、火山岩喷发以及沿大型走滑断层的转换伸展为特征的大陆裂陷作用。根据岩浆活动、盆地的充填记录,构造格架和盆地的沉降史分析,可以将裂陷作用划分为两个大的阶段,即由兴安岭群火山喷发为代表的第一阶段和以巴彦花群含煤、油碎屑岩系为代表的断陷盆地形成阶段。盆地沉降史回剥研究表明,裂陷作用第二阶段断陷盆地的发育受控于次一级的幕式构造作用过程。此外．对晚中生代裂陷作用的动力学背景的探讨需要阐明岩石圈的深部过程和构造应力场的反转这个两个重要的问题。     

Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the southwest continental Iberian Margin

An extensional event affected the southwest Margin of Iberia during Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous times, giving place to the Algarve basin. This basin was subjected to tectonic instability and it became infilled with siliciclastic and carbonate sequences with abundant interspersed volcanic rocks. Normal and strike-slip faults accommodated the deformation in the Algarve basin. The presence of a single flat or listric detachment surface is inferred from the study of hanging-wall structures. The dynamic and kinematic analyses of fault systems in the Spanish exposure of the Algarve basin allow us to establish three extensional phases. 1) A Late Triassic to Hettangian NE-SW directed extension associated with the initial breaking of Pangea and the opening of the Tethys in the eastern Mediterranean. 2) NW-SE extension from the Sinemurian to the Callovian, interpreted as a result of the activity as a sinistral fault of the Azores-Gibraltar transform boundary. 3) Finally, E-W extension during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous, related to the North Atlantic rifting process.     

东天山大南湖岛弧带石炭纪岩石地层与构造演化

详细的地质解剖工作表明,东天山地区大南湖岛弧带石炭纪出露4套岩石地层组合,即早石炭世小热泉子组火山岩、晚石炭世底坎儿组碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩、晚石炭世企鹅山组火山岩、晚石炭世脐山组碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩。根据其岩石组合、岩石地球化学、生物化石、同位素资料以及彼此的产出关系,认为这4套岩石地层组合的沉积环境分别为岛弧、残余海盆、岛弧和弧后盆地。结合区域资料重塑了大南湖岛弧带晚古生代的构造格架及演化模式。早、晚石炭世的4套岩石地层组合并置体现了东天山的复杂增生过程。     

大洋洲斐济群岛的成矿地质背景、矿床类型及成矿期划分

斐济群岛具有厚而年轻的硅镁质地壳,其成矿作用与构造演化有着密切的联系。斐济群岛的地层主要由新生代海底碎屑型火山岩及相关沉积岩组成。碳酸盐岩和在中-晚中新世一次重要的构造运动中侵入的辉长岩-英云闪长岩质的深成岩也很发育。斐济群岛的矿床类型包括各种块状硫化物型矿床、斑岩型铜金矿、夕卡岩型铜多金属矿、浅成低温热液型金矿、沉积型锰矿、残积矿床、砂矿床等。斐济群岛的成矿期有4个不同的阶段（时期）,这些阶段（时期）与构造运动紧密相关,反映了纵贯斐济群岛的各种矿化类型的空间和时间分布特征。