川滇地区成组强震活动判别指标研究

在成组地震孕育模型的指导下, 分析研究了川滇地区M≥6.5地震成组孕育的地震学和前兆异常特征。 结果表明, 川滇地区的M≥6.5成组地震都发生在云南强震活跃期内, 这个时期云南地区多点水汞测值出现了比正常值高出几十倍甚至上百倍的变化, 比强震平静期的“异常”测值也要高得多; 成组地震前1～2年的中期阶段地震活动会出现大面积增强; 成组地震的首发地震发生时有30%以上的前兆异常持续发展, 不出现转折变化, 而单一强震和成组地震的最后1个地震, 震前有异常震后不出现转折继续发展的数量≤15%; 成组地震的首发地震前兆异常数量比结束地震多。     

SEISMO-GEOLOGICAL SIGNATURES FOR IDENTIFYING M≥7.0 EARTHQUAKE RISK AREAS AND THEIR PREMILIMARY APPLICATION IN MAINLAND CHINA

High-magnitude earthquake refers to an earthquake that can produce obvious surface ruptures along its seismogenic fault and its magnitude M is at least equal to 7.0. Prediction and identification of locations, where the high-magnitude earthquakes will occur in potential, is one of the scientific goals of the studies on long-term faulting behavior of active faults and paleo-earthquakes, and is also the key problem of earthquake prediction and forecast. The study of the geological and seismological signatures for identifying M≥7.0 earthquake risk areas and their application is an important part of seismic prediction researches. It can not only promote the development of earthquake science, especially the progress of earthquake monitoring and forecasting, but also be positive for earthquake disaster prevention and effective mitigation of possible earthquake disaster losses. It is also one of the earthquake science problems which the governments, societies and the scientific communities are very concerned about and need to be addressed. Large or great earthquakes, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(M8.0), the 2010 Yushu earthquake(M7.1), the 2013 Lushan earthquake(M7.0)and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake(M_W7.8), have unceasingly struck the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, which have been attracting attention of a large number of geoscientists both at home and abroad. Owing to good coverage of the seismic networks and GPS sations, a lot of high-quality publications in seismicity, crustal velocity structure, faulting beihavior have been pressed, which gives us a good chance to summarize some common features of these earthquakes. In this paper, seismogenic structural model of these earthquakes, faulting behavior of seismogenic faults, crustal mechanical property, recent straining environment and pre-earthquake seismicity are first analyzed, and then, five kinds of common features for the sismogenic faults where those earthquakes occurred. Those five kinds of commom features are, in fact, the geological and seismological signatures for identifying M≥7.0 earthquake risk areas. The reliability of the obtained sigatures is also discussed in brief. At last, based on the results of 1:50000 active fault mapping, and published seismic tomography and fault-locking studies, an experimental identification of the risk areas for the future large/great earthquakes in the North China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is conducted to test the scientificity and applicability of these obtained sigantures.     

基于活动地块边界带的测震学参数Mf值对丽江地震的预测应用

地震构造是强震发生的必要基础,强震的孕育和发生与构造密切相关。强震的孕育和发生不仅与震中周围构造有关,而且与孕震区所在的整个构造带有关。这就表明整个构造带的地震活动性与未来强震都有关联。因此,在做测震学参数异常预测地震时,必须考虑整个构造带的地震活动。过去人们常以震中周围地区的地震活动资料来做测震学参数的异常分析,可能会丢失部分信息。文中以金沙江—红河边界带和地震学参量Mf值的结合为例,对基于活动地块边界带的测震学参数强震预测进行了探索,其结果对丽江地震预测效果很好,这对边界带的地震危险性判定有某种参考价值。     

闽粤海外历史地震与台湾海峡现今强震活动图像

闽粤两省强烈地震多发生在沿海地区,且福建南日岛至广东南澳一线的泉州－汕头地震带地震活动尤为突出。历史上东南沿海地震带曾发生过４次７级以上大地震,而其中３次都发生在泉－汕段海域,继华南地区本世纪著名的１９１８年广东南澳７．３级地震后,１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡南部又发生７．３级强震,这在经济发达,人口稠密的闽粤沿海地区引起了极大关注。本文通过历史强震活动资料,分析闽粤沿海与台湾海峡强震在时间进程,     

The 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake–some new insights

The year 2017 marks the 350th anniversary of the great 6 April 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake that caused extensive damage in a wide area around this old Dalmatian town (today in Croatia). This article presents the effects of the 1667 earthquake and examines the first few weeks following the catastrophe. Macroseismic data are reanalysed, for the first time available data are collected of the damage on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the territory which was in the 17th century under the Ottoman reign) and a new map of macroseismic intensities is presented. This map is in good agreement with the macroseismic field modelled using the SAF (Strong Attenuation at Fault Zones) model. We highlight some problems in the collection of macroseismic information, which are mainly a consequence of the complex political situation in the areas affected by the earthquake. The 1667 earthquake heavily impacted Dubrovnik and the Dalmatian coast. This event is thought to be the biggest one in the history of Dalmatia and practically defines seismic hazard in the coastal area of Croatia. For this reason, the main goals in this article are the improvement of the epicenter location and the determination of the moment magnitude.     

滦县地区的地震活动特征及其预报意义

依据历史地震文献,对滦县历史上发生的2次6.0级以上地震进行分析,在此基础上,对其参数进行复核并提出修改意见。同时,依据文献记载,提出这2次地震的序列特征。结合本地历史有感记载和唐山地震前滦县地区仪器记录地震的本地地震资料,分析滦县地区的地震活动特征,并结合河北省境内几次7.0级地震前在震中及其附近的地震活动特征,对发生7.0级以上地震震中的地震活动特征提出看法。     

赣南地区历史地震补充研究

通过对赣南地区历史地震资料系统地调查研究,以地域人文背景、史志记载情况等为切入点,综合考证历史地震记载的完整性,并在充分挖掘可用信息的基础上,对公元412年、1603年、1847年和1888年等历史地震事件进行了甄别和参数核定。研究表明,公元1500年之后赣南地区的地震记载相对较连续;区内地震活动呈自东南向西北逐渐减弱的趋势,且地震主要分布在NE或NNE向主干断裂附近,以及主干断裂与NW向断裂的交接复合地区;原地重复发生地震的频率相对较高。该结果可用于修定新版地震目录、开展重大建设项目工程场地的地震安全性评价及历史地震调查等工作中,为区域地震活动性研究、防震减灾规划决策等提供基础依据。      

2003年新疆石河子5.4级地震前地震活动异常分析

分析了2003年2月14日石河子5．4级地震前北天山地震活动图像和地震学参数异常过程。5．4级地震发生在2002年北天山4级地震集中活动区空段，震前12项地震学参数时间进程存在中、短期异常，3项地震波参数出现短期异常。震前3个月乌鲁木齐震情窗出现超警戒线异常。震前10天震中附近地区地震和震群活动显著。     

川滇地震科学实验场地震目录最小完整性震级分析

地震目录是地震监测预报、地震活动性等研究的重要资料.川滇地震科学实验场地区近几十年来积累了大量的地震记录,为实验场的地震科学研究提供了宝贵的数据.地震台网密度和仪器观测精度是逐步提高的,不同时期地震目录的完整性存在差异,因此进行现代仪器观测记录的地震目录最小完整性震级（M_C,Magnitude of Completeness）分析,对正确研究和认识该地区地震活动规律及其影响因素等具有重要意义.本文采用震级—序号方法、最大曲率法（MAXC,Maximum Curvature）和拟合度检测法（GFT,Goodness-of-Fit Test）分析了川滇地震科学实验场地区1970—2018年地震目录的最小完整性震级M_C值,得到了实验场地区及其内部各地震区（带）M_C值的时间演化特征和空间分布特征.结果表明,实验场地区及其内部各地震区（带）M_C值变化趋势大致为1970—1986年M_L2.0~2.6,1987—1999年M_L2.5~2.6,2000—2008年后M_L1.4~2.1,2009—2018年M_L1.2~1.9;实验场地区M_C值的空间分布大致呈现东北部和西南部较低、西北部和东南部较高的特征,其中云南最南端的澜沧—耿马区和思普区、四川西北部的理塘—木里区以及川藏交界处的金沙江带M_C值普遍较高,云南北部和四川南部的松潘—龙门山带、安宁河带、元谋区、楚雄—建水带和大理—丽江—盐源区M_C值普遍较低;强震会使M_C值出现突然升高、之后逐渐恢复的现象,其中M_C值升高程度与震级有一定相关性,并且强震导致的M_C值升高是M_C值空间和时间分布不均匀的原因之一.

     

The present-day seismicity variations in the Kuril-Kamchatka seismic zone

This study is concerned with seismicity variations in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands for the period 1962–2009; the effects of large earthquakes on the seismicity of adjacent areas are taken into account. The 1997 Kronotskii earthquake was followed by seismicity decreases in most areas over Kamchatka, which is presumably related to decreased tectonic stresses. After the 2007 Simushir earthquake synchronization and periodicities in seismicity were identified, indicating increased instabilities and the likelihood of a large event in Kamchatka in the near future. The instability of seismic regions is discussed within the framework of the theory of nonequilibrium dynamical systems. We suggest successive phases in the occurrence of seismological precursors.     

Results of seismological data processing for the territory of Armenia

The distribution of earthquake hypocenters in the territory of Armenia is obtained based on data from seismological bulletins for 1970–2012. It is shown that in addition to crustal earthquakes, there are deep earthquakes with a hypocenter depth down to 300 km. The seismicity is concentrated primarily in the northwest of the republic in the region adjacent to the Javakheti Upland. The positions of the main shock and the aftershocks of the December 1988 Spitak earthquake are determined separately. It is shown that the aftershocks of this earthquake cover a big area, extending to a depth of 100 km, although most of them are located at a depth of ~27 km.     

逾渗模型的地震学含义

本文根据地震统计力学的结果从理论上讨论了逾渗模型的地震学含义,指出用这类几何相变模型研究地震破裂问题的处理方法不仅仅是一种唯象的类比,从其物理意义出发能够得到一些富有启发性的结果,并可在一定程度上明确逾渗模型应用于地震破裂和地震活动性研究的能力和限度。     

Seismic gaps and source zones of recent large earthquakes in coastal Peru

The earthquakes of central coastal Peru occur principally in two distinct zones of shallow earthquake activity that are inland of and parallel to the axis of the Peru Trench. The interface-thrust (IT) zone includes the great thrust-fault earthquakes of 17 October 1966 and 3 October 1974. The coastal-plate interior (CPI) zone includes the great earthquake of 31 May 1970, and is located about 50 km inland of and 30 km deeper than the interface thrust zone. The occurrence of a large earthquake in one zone may not relieve elastic strain in the adjoining zone, thus complicating the application of the seismic gap concept to central coastal Peru. However, recognition of two seismic zones may facilitate detection of seismicity precursory to a large earthquake in a given zone; removal of probable CPI-zone earthquakes from plots of seismicity prior to the 1974 main shock dramatically emphasizes the high seismic activity near the rupture zone of that earthquake in the five years preceding the main shock. Other conclusions on the seismicity of coastal Peru that affect the application of the seismic gap concept to this region are: (1) Aftershocks of the great earthquakes of 1966, 1970, and 1974 occurred in spatially separated clusters. Some clusters may represent distinct small source regions triggered by the main shock rather than delimiting the total extent of main-shock rupture. The uncertainty in the interpretation of aftershock clusters results in corresponding uncertainties in estimates of stress drop and estimates of the dimensions of the seismic gap that has been filled by a major earthquake. (2) Aftershocks of the great thrust-fault earthquakes of 1966 and 1974 generally did not extend seaward as far as the Peru Trench. (3) None of the three great earthquakes produced significant teleseismic activity in the following month in the source regions of the other two earthquakes. The earthquake hypocenters that form the basis of this study were relocated using station adjustments computed by the method of joint hypocenter determination.     

大连及其邻区地震地质背景

大连及其邻区存在金州、庄河、大洋河等多条区域活动构造带,历史上中强地震较活跃,并有破坏怀地震发生。本文依据区域地质构造,地震活动性,地壳应力场待方面资料,讨论了该地区地震地质背景及区域构造与华北统一应力场的一致性,并据此指出了本区未来可能发生地震及应重点加强监视的地区。     

Seismological Approaches to Earthquake Prediction

Seismological approaches used in earthquake prediction involve many subjects. To predict large earthquakes from small to moderate foreshocks has a clear meaning in physics. Some of the main methods of earthquake prediction used in China are outlined in this paper. According to the anomalies used for earthquake prediction, seismological approaches can be divided into two groups: those that use the anomalies in seismic patterns, including the increase and decrease in regional seismicity, the appearance of seismic gaps, seismic belts, seismic swarms, and foreshocks and those that use anomalies in special values and in seismic waves, such as the anomalies in b values and f values, in the Vp/VS ratio, Q values, stress drop, and shear stress.     

华蓥山断裂带地震活动特征分析

通过对华蓥山断裂带5级以上地震以及现今中小地震活动性的分析,认识了该地区背景性和区域性的地震活动特征,认为该断裂带南段是地震活动的主体,尤其是宜宾地区地震活动较频繁,中段、北段次之。总结得到的5级以上地震的“平静—活跃”时段分布特征,3级以上地震的“弱活动—增强”规律,以及2019年长宁M_S6.0地震发生后应变能释放速率加速现象,均可为该地区5级以上地震预测预报提供参考依据。      

粤闽交界及其近海地区地震活动分析

结合东南沿海地区的地质构造背景、地震活动特点,研究粤闽交界及其近海地区(N 22.80°~24.00°、E116.50°~118.00°)地震活动特征,结果表明此区域:1具备中强地震活动的构造背景;2现代小地震呈北东方向密集成带分布在南澎列岛附近,与北东向滨海断裂的方向一致;3 6级以上地震序列类型多属主余型;4 1971年有小震记录以来,一直存在背景性的ML2级左右地震活动;ML4级以上地震活动成丛分布特征明显;中等地震(ML4~5级)的发生与本区小震活动增强之间无明显关联;当出现年平均b值低于平均值、且较上一年b值下降幅度≥0.5时,可能预示本区进入ML4级地震活跃时段,东南沿海地震带在未来1~2年内可能有中强或以上地震发生;ML4.5级以上地震前,应变能释放曲线存在加速变化。     

川滇地震科学实验场地震目录最小完整性震级分析

地震目录是地震监测预报、地震活动性等研究的重要资料.川滇地震科学实验场地区近几十年来积累了大量的地震记录,为实验场的地震科学研究提供了宝贵的数据.地震台网密度和仪器观测精度是逐步提高的,不同时期地震目录的完整性存在差异,因此进行现代仪器观测记录的地震目录最小完整性震级（M_C,Magnitude of Completeness）分析,对正确研究和认识该地区地震活动规律及其影响因素等具有重要意义.本文采用震级—序号方法、最大曲率法（MAXC,Maximum Curvature）和拟合度检测法（GFT,Goodness-of-Fit Test）分析了川滇地震科学实验场地区1970—2018年地震目录的最小完整性震级M_C值,得到了实验场地区及其内部各地震区（带）M_C值的时间演化特征和空间分布特征.结果表明,实验场地区及其内部各地震区（带）M_C值变化趋势大致为1970—1986年M_L2.0~2.6,1987—1999年M_L2.5~2.6,2000—2008年后M_L1.4~2.1,2009—2018年M_L1.2~1.9;实验场地区M_C值的空间分布大致呈现东北部和西南部较低、西北部和东南部较高的特征,其中云南最南端的澜沧—耿马区和思普区、四川西北部的理塘—木里区以及川藏交界处的金沙江带M_C值普遍较高,云南北部和四川南部的松潘—龙门山带、安宁河带、元谋区、楚雄—建水带和大理—丽江—盐源区M_C值普遍较低;强震会使M_C值出现突然升高、之后逐渐恢复的现象,其中M_C值升高程度与震级有一定相关性,并且强震导致的M_C值升高是M_C值空间和时间分布不均匀的原因之一.     

台湾海峡7.3级地震及其震后地震趋势研究

通过对台海海峡７．３级地震序列研究表明，该地震是一次板内的主－余震型地震，震源机制解确定此次地震是ＮＷ走向断裂的走滑正断层错动；震区地震构造背景和震前的地震活动异常图像与我国东南沿海成一体性，表明属于我国东南涡海地震带的地震活动震前出现多项地震学异常。震兆演化过程存在明显的阶段性，本次地震有一寂的可预测性，根据地震活动分幕结果，认为近期东南沿海的一系列中强震活动属于该带第五活跃幕的地震群体活动并预     

首都圈地区Ms5.0级以上地震前地震活动图像

针对地震前经常出现的地震活动图像异常展开研究,分析了首都圈地区1970年以来Ms5.0级以上中强震前地震活动图像的变化特征.结果显示,首都圈地区8次(组)Ms5.0级以上地震前,在震源区附近均出现了地震条带和逼近地震,震前有87.5%的逼近地震距主震130 km内;87.5%地震前在震源区附近出现了孕震空区,并在空区边...