Review on the study of topographic effect on seismic ground motion

Topographic effect study is a very important research topic in seismology, seismic engineering,earthquake engineering, engineering earthquake construction and engineering seismology. This paper focuses on its present development status. Post-earthquake investigation has found that the existence of topography caused more serious earthquake damage. The actual seismographs also recorded the topographic amplification effect of 6 to 7 times and even more than 10 times. Numerical simulation is an important technique to study topographic effect, which complements the lack of observed records. However researches on 3-D topographic effect are not enough and need to be studied deeper. To find the main influence factors and the quantitative relationship between topography and ground motion are required very urgently. Obviously the achievements not only can be applied in the earthquake resistant design, but also can provide the quantitative pre-earthquake disaster prediction and quantitative post-earthquake disaster evaluation.     

Seismic performance of high-rise buildings in selected regions in Saudi Arabia according to different seismic codes

The design code for each country is revised and updated based on an expected zone’s seismic intensities,geotechnical site classifications,structural systems,construction materials and methods of construction in order to provide more realistic considerations of seismic demand,seismic response,and seismic capacity.Based on the aforementioned provisions,structures designed according to different seismic codes may yield different performances for the same level of hazard.This study aims to investigate and compare the induced responses related to the earthquake-resistant design of reinforced concrete(RC)buildings according to the Saudi building code(SBC-301),American code(ASCE-7),uniform building code(UBC-97),and European code(EC-8).In order to account for the provision regarding the hazard specification and its effect on the induced seismic responses,four regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with different seismic levels are selected.The code provisions related to the specification of site classification and its effect on the induced design base shear are investigated as well.Significant differences are observed in the induced responses with the variation in seismic design codes for the considered seismic hazards and site classifications.     

How to model rockburst seismic loads for civil engineering purposes?

Usually rockbursts from underground mining induce minor quakes of MM intensity up to V. Sometimes however the surface tremors reach level of MM epicentral intensity I ₀ = VI to VIII. Since a fast industrial development often takes place in the mining areas then some seismic design rules for new buildings are needed. The main obstacle is then lack of respective design response spectrum and an unclear definition of the level of design acceleration to apply. Particularly the latter one is difficult to overcome because the rockburst ground motion records differ from natural earthquakes when it comes to their spectral properties as well as return periods. This paper presents a method how to rationally define the design acceleration so that a seismic code, e,g, Eurocode 8, can be applied in practical design procedures in the mining areas.     

美国地质调查局（USGS）发布国家地震信息中心（NEIC）未来5年（2019—2023年）战略规划

为保持美国国家地震信息中心（NEIC）在全球地震监测领域的领先地位、改进其业务水平及全天候工作的健壮性,并紧跟地震学领域的研究和创新成果,美国地质调查局（USGS）制定了NEIC未来5年（2019—2023年）的战略规划,描述了其发展的目标,概述了实现这些目标的最优途径。该规划根据目标的不同层次提出了基础列表和理想列表,为提高NEIC地震产品的及时性、准确性和有效性,满足其所服务对象不断变化的需求提供了战略方向。      

基于重复地震的地壳介质参数分析软件

随着数字地震学的快速发展,重复地震在地震学的研究中显得越来越重要。本文首先介绍了重复地震的定义和识别方法,然后基于此研制了重复地震识别与分析软件,最后给出了重复地震在地震预测中的一个实际应用例子。结果表明基于该软件工具可充分利用数字地震波形开展相对高精度的地壳介质动态变化分析。     

建筑抗震设计中的小,中,大震烈度研究

作者以地震学的观点，在研究地震复发周期与震级－频度关系式中的ｂ值的基础上，研究了建筑抗震设计中的小、中、大震之间的烈度差值。指出该烈度差值只与ｂ值有关，因此是因地而异的。建议今后修改规范时考虑。     

基于VC++大地电磁数据处理软件开发

研究了GDP大地电磁系统AVG的数据格式,根据实际需要、结合先进的计算机技术和当今比较流行的Visual C++6.0开发工具开发了相应的软件—GDP大地电磁数据处理软件,其中主要功能有：(1)多类型参数数据的曲线显示、参数值的实时显示以及读取存储功能;(2)可视化数据编辑功能;(3)电阻率深度提取功能.笔者在软件系统的设计中,嵌入了模块化思想,为今后完善和移植GDP大地电磁系统数据处理软件奠定了基础.最后通过GDP大地电磁系统数据处理软件对青海某矿区的实测CSAMT资料进行校正处理,效果明显,说明GDP大地电磁系统数据处理软件有较强的实用性.     

测震学综合应用软件系统在地震监测工作中的应用

简要说明了测震学综合应用软件系统的系统特点;详细介绍了该软件系统的功能;重点分析了该软件系统在地震监测工作中的应用,如在地震编目、序列自动编目、测震台网控制震级能力评定、辅助台网布设方案设计及地震现场应急等方面的应用。用户反馈的信息表明,测震学综合应用软件系统可以在地震监测中发挥重要作用。     

多极子阵列声波测井资料在塔河油田酸压设计施工中的应用

由于塔河油田灰岩裂缝性储层非均质性强、横向连通性差,需要对其进行有效的酸化压裂改造以获得具有经济价值的油气产能.近几年来,多极子阵列声波测井仪（主要DSI和XMAC）已投入塔河油田测井现场服务,这些新的声波测井资料经合适的软件处理后可获的极为丰富的地层信息.本文讨论了我们编制的多极子阵列声波测井资料处理软件及其在塔河油田酸压设计施工中的应用.通过多极子阵列声波测井资料处理得到的岩石力学特性分析,确定了地层应力的大小和方向,计算出酸化压裂所需的压力以及压裂后压裂缝的高度.计算结果在实际施工中得到了很好验证.     

多极组合声波测井用于酸化压裂

几年来,多极组合声波测井仪已广泛应用于中国各油田。我们开发了一套利用多极组合测井分析岩石力学特征的软件。该先进资料处理方法和软件已用于中国西北地区塔河油田指导油田酸化压裂设计和评价。文中列举了几个资料处理和应用的实际例子说明本文所介绍的方法和软件的正确有效及其优越性。     

Application of multipole array sonic logging to acid hydralic fracturing

几年来,多极组合声波测井仪已广泛应用于中国各油田。我们开发了一套利用多极组合测井分析岩石力学特征的软件。该先进资料处理方法和软件已用于中国西北地区塔河油田指导油田酸化压裂设计和评价。文中列举了几个资料处理和应用的实际例子说明本文所介绍的方法和软件的正确有效及其优越性。     

震源有限性及其对地震早期预警系统的意义

本文通过多个震例的假定情形,讨论了地震破裂的有限性对地震早期预警系统布局设计的重要意义。分析结果认为,地震早期预警系统对地震减灾所能发挥的作用要远大于传统地震学视角下的预期。该观点深化了目前所认为的预警台站应该适当考虑非均匀布设的认识,强调在发生较大地震时,近断层区域密集布设的预警台站可能会使地震早期预警系统更加有效。      

关于中国数字地震学发展战略的讨论

２０世纪８０年代以来，中国数字地震学无论是在观测技术方面，还是在基础研究方面都得到了迅速发展。为了缩短数字地震学研究领域与世界先进水平的差距，本文从四个方面探讨了中国数字地震学的发展战略：中国数字地震学的发展应该有一个比较高的起点；中国数字地震学的发展必须有自己独特的思路；必须充分重视与数字地震学有关的标准化问题；必须充分重视科研管理的现代化，以循序渐进地将我国数字地震学研究进程向前推进。     

宁波深厚软土动力特性研究及其地震响应分析

利用Davidenkov模型对宁波深厚软土地区土动力试验数据进行拟合分析,确定相关拟合参数,结果表明该模型能较好地描述软土的动剪切模量和动阻尼比随动剪应变的变化规律。然后,基于等价线性化方法以及ANSYS软件的APDL语言进行简单的二次开发,编写Davidenkov模型计算程序,并利用经典的SHAKE软件进行验证,结果表明该程序计算结果很好,能解决目前商业软件中缺乏合适的土体非线性动力本构模型的不足。最后,利用开发的模型计算分析宁波深厚软土的地震响应规律,并与规范推荐的简化计算公式进行比较分析,结果表明规范推荐的公式得到的土体响应偏大,对于地下结构的抗震设计偏于保守。研究成果对确定深厚软土地区土体动力特性及其地震响应研究提供了合理的计算方法。     

Landslide Tsunamis: Recent Findings and Research Directions

— Underwater landslides can trigger local tsunamis with high runup, endangering human life and devastating coastal cities, offshore structures, communication cables, and port facilities. Unfortunately, hazards from underwater landslides are not well understood and the extents of their potential damage remain difficult to ascertain at present. There is immediate need for multidisciplinary research to improve our understanding and plan countermeasures for mitigating their hazards. Conceived in the wake of the Papua New Guinea earthquake landslide and tsunami of 1998, this volume summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on underwater landslides and their potential to generate tsunamis from the multidisciplinary perspectives of observational and engineering seismology, geotechnical engineering, marine geology, and hydrodynamics. These various fields of engineering and science offer new synergetic opportunities to examine landslide tsunamis. This paper makes recommendations on future research directions, and will hopefully advance scientists' and engineers' understanding of these natural hazards and assist planners in mitigating their risks.     

地震学情报数据库研究

将国内出版的地震学期刊论文,建立一个联机检索数据库。使用VAX11/750小型计算机和VAX DTR、CDD软件,操作系统是VAX/VMS。地震期刊论文数据库分成二个数据库,题录数据库和论文文摘数据库。它们是文件结构型数据库。一条题录记录占339字节,一条论文文摘记录占1290字节。自行编制设计了人机对话式联机检索程序。用户使用感到十分简便。论文追溯时间计划为十年或更长一些。     

ArcGIS三维可视技术在山区水库库盘选址中的应用

介绍了利用ArcGIS系统的三维分析模块实现山区水库项目选址的三维可视化。基于GIS、航测、水工设计等基础资料,通过多个软件工具处理数据,在ArcGIS系统下整合与分析。最终实现了库区的三维地形漫游、水库蓄水、淹没等三维动态过程,为论证工程规模与工程选址提供决策依据。     

Rapid Earthquake Information for Bucharest

Advances in sensor techniques, digital acquisition, communication and computing allowed establishment of the field of real-time seismology (Kanamori et al., 1997) and the design of earthquake information systems that provide rapid information on ground motion and potential damage in an area for which a ground motion estimation data base is available and where the inventory of buildings and infrastructure and its vulnerability to shaking is known. We discuss a system for the Romanian capital of Bucharest, where an early warning system with about 30 seconds lead time, shake maps and a sophisticated damage estimation tool for Bucharest have been developed in the frame of the Collaborative Research Center on Strong Earthquakes ().     

当前反射地震学研究中的问题浅析

反射地震学作为地震学应用于国民经济建设的分支学科取得了巨大的成功。它在矿产资源勘探、工程建设与环境、自然灾害预测等各种领域发挥了不可替代的作用，特别是在能源开发中功不可殁。另一方面，反射地震学在广泛的工业应用中全面地完善和发展了地震学的理论、方法和技术。时至今日，反射地震学的发展已经从经典理论方法的研究走向更加与客观介质密切相关的深层次研究新阶段，这些问题是，反射地震学从单纯的构造研究走向地层岩性研究，与此有关的是从偏移构造成像步入层析成像、利用单波单分量数据转向应用多波多分量数据、假设地层为固体弹性介质转向双相孔隙介质、各向同性研究转向各向异性研究以及经典的一些方法技术与现代新技术同时使用等。本文对这些方面的研究现状进行概要的分析。