microRNA干扰抑制MTDH的表达对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖和侵袭能力的影响

目的 探讨microRNA干扰技术沉默异黏蛋白（MTDH,metadherin蛋白）基因表达及对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231细胞增殖、转移、侵袭能力的影响。方法 将人工合成的针对MTDH基因的miRNA片段瞬时转染人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,通过Western blot法、RT-PCR法检测MTDH蛋白表达和MTDHmRNA;应用MTT检测法、划痕实验、Transwell实验检测抑制MTDH基因后对乳腺癌细胞增殖、转移、侵袭能力的影响。结果 MTDHmiRNA能有效抑制MTDH蛋白和MTDHmRNA表达,最佳抑制率分别为79.41%、80.56%（P<0.05）;经miRNA干扰的细胞,生长速度明显受到抑制（P<0.05）,侵袭迁移能力显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 MTDH miRNA瞬时转染人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞可明显抑制癌细胞中MTDH表达,沉默MTDH基因表达后可明显抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞生长增殖、侵袭迁移能力。     

川芎嗪对铁过载原代培养脐静脉内皮细胞超氧化物歧化酶、活性氧表达的影响

目的 探讨铁过载对原代培养脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECS）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、活性氧表达的影响及川芎嗪的干预效应。方法 使用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测体外培养铁过载脐静脉内皮细胞表达的超氧化物歧化酶和活性氧的含量。结果 与空白组比较,模型组超氧化物歧化酶的含量显著降低（P<0.01）,给药组超氧化物歧化酶与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;模型组活性氧含量显著高于空白组（P<0.01）,与模型组相比,给药组活性氧含量有明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 川芎嗪能抑制脐静脉内皮细胞铁过载导致的氧化应激,有通过抗氧化应激发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆肾素-血管紧张素水平的相关性

目的 探讨高血压病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆肾素-血管紧张素水平的关系。方法 对2015年1月~2016年3月在心血管内科住院的原发性高血压患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果 颈动脉粥样硬化与年龄、血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸相关。血浆立卧位肾素-血管紧张素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化：随着立卧位血管紧张素Ⅱ水平、立位肾素水平的增高,颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率增高（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、卧位血管紧张素Ⅱ、总胆固醇、尿酸与颈动脉粥样硬化呈正相关,高密度胆固醇与颈动脉粥样硬化呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平与颈动脉粥样硬化呈独立相关关系。     

下调心肌CPT1b的表达对肥胖小鼠心肌细胞钙调控的影响

目的 研究干扰心肌组织中肉毒碱脂酰转移酶-1b（CPT1b）的表达对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠心肌细胞钙调控的影响。方法 4周龄的雄性C57小鼠,随机分为正常对照组（N-mock）、肥胖对照组（O-mock）及肥胖干预组（O-CPT1b）,采用高脂饮食诱导肥胖。6周龄时,经心肌分别注射靶向CPT1b（O-CPT1b）或靶向无关基因（N-mock、O-mock）的重组慢病毒,以下调目标基因的表达。10周后,取小鼠左心室组织检测RNA干扰的效率;采用Western blot法检测左心室组织中肌浆网钙泵（SERCA2a）的蛋白表达;并分离单个心室肌细胞,使用活细胞工作站检测心肌细胞钙瞬变。结果 肥胖小鼠心肌组织中CPT1b的表达增加,慢病毒介导的RNA干扰显著下调其表达。肥胖引起心肌细胞SERCA2a的蛋白表达降低及肌质网钙处理能力的下降,下调CPT1b的表达增加了SERCA2a的含量,并改善了钙调控异常。结论 下调心肌组织中CPT1b的表达可改善肥胖所导致的心肌细胞钙调控异常。     

SSR在心肌重构过程中的表达改变

目的 探讨SSR在心肌重构过程中的表达改变。方法 采用冠状动脉左前降支结扎术建立小鼠心肌梗死后的心肌重构模型、异丙肾上腺素（ISO）皮下注射2周建立小鼠急性心脏损伤模型;胸主动脉结扎术（aortic banding,AB）建立小鼠心肌肥厚的模型。采用RT-PCR检测各种心肌重构模型中SSR转录水平的改变。结果 SSR亚单位1（SSR1）和3（SSR3）在小鼠心肌梗死（miocardial infarction,MI）术后2周表达明显降低（P<0.05）;在ISO诱导的急性心脏损伤后2周表达降低（P<0.05）;在AB术后1周表达降低（P<0.05）。然而SSR1和SSR3的表达在AB术后2周开始增高（P<0.05）,持续到AB术后8周（P<0.05）。结论 SSR1和SSR3的表达在不同模型的心肌重构中均发生明显改变,且呈现动态变化,提示其可能参与心肌重构的发生、发展。     

HBV相关肝病患者外周血NK细胞PD-1、Tim-3表达及意义

目的 了解HBV相关肝病患者外周血NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3的表达情况,探讨PD-1和Tim-3的表达与血清HBV-DNA载量的相关情况。方法 选择HBV感染相关肝病患者74例,其中CHB患者30例,LC患者24例,HCC患者20例,健康对照18例。应用流式细胞术检测NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3表达,荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA量,ELISA法检测细胞因子分泌水平。统计各组患者PD-1和Tim-3的表达率,比较各组差异,分析其与病情的相关性。结果 CHB、LC、HCC组外周血NK细胞表面PD-1和Tim-3的表达率分别为34.46%±7.31%、59.09%±12.35%、61.49%±15.26%和19.18%±6.05%、28.64%±11.20%、31.24%±11.85%,均高于对照组（P<0.01）,LC组和HCC组明显高于CHB组（P<0.01）,LC组和HCC组比较无统计学差异。在CHB组,PD-1的表达率与HBV-DNA呈负相关关系（R=-0.437,P=0.033）。CHB、LC、HCC各组血清中细胞因子TNF-α和IFN-γ水平分别为0.66±0.63、0.75±0.66、0.85±0.71和1.76±0.88、1.83±1.23、1.60±0.53,均低于健康对照组（P<0.01）。结论 HBV相关肝病患者NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3表达均增加,且与病情严重程度有关,增加表达的PD-1与血清HBV-DNA载量存在负相关性,HBV肝病各组血清TNF-α、IFN-γ分泌减少。     

BrdU标记法探讨糖尿病大鼠H2S与细胞外基质积聚的关系

目的 探讨硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide,H₂S）与糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）大鼠肾细胞外基质过度积聚的关系。方法 21只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组（对照组）、糖尿病肾病组（DN组）、硫化氢干预组（DN+H₂S组）。链脲佐菌素（STZ）法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,DN+H₂S组给予NaHS治疗8周,其他组给予同等剂量的0.9%生理盐水治疗。观察3组大鼠肾脏病理改变、BrdU阳性细胞和α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）分布差异。结果 与对照组比较,DN组大鼠尿蛋白量、相对肾重均明显增多,病理呈典型的DN改变,BrdU阳性细胞比值、肾小球α-SMA表达和分布显著增多（P<0.01）;应用NaHS治疗后,大鼠肾脏DN改变明显减轻（P<0.01）,BrdU阳性细胞比值、肾小球α-SMA表达和分布与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 H₂S可以抑制DN大鼠肌性成纤维细胞增殖,减少α-SMA表达和分布,减缓DN大鼠的肾小球细胞外基质积聚。     

TRβ1、β-catenin及Cyclin A2在甲状腺乳头状癌的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺激素受体β1（thyroid hormone receptor β1,TRβ1）、β-链蛋白（β-catenin）及细胞周期蛋白A2（Cyclin A2）在甲状腺乳头状癌（thyroid papillary carcinoma,TPC）组织中的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组化（SP）法分别检测30例正常甲状腺组织、30例结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生（nodular goiter with papillary hyperplasia,NGWPH）及116例TPC组织中TRβ1、β-catenin及Cyclin A2的表达,同时检测肿瘤淋巴管密度（lymphtic vessel density,LVD）,分析它们与临床病理指标的关系。结果 与正常甲状腺组织和NGWPH组织比较,TPC组织中TRβ1的表达阳性率降低,β-catenin在细胞膜表达显著减弱,而胞质表达明显增强,Cyclin A2的表达阳性率升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,TRβ1与β-catenin和Cyclin A2的表达呈负相关（r=-0.656和-0.525,均P<0.01）,β-catenin和Cyclin A2呈正相关（r=0.384,P<0.01）;淋巴结转移组的LVD显著高于无淋巴结转移组（P<0.05）;TRβ1低表达、β-catenin胞质异常表达及Cyclin A2过表达与TPC包膜外侵、LVD及淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,而与患者年龄、性别、组织类型、肿瘤直径、是否为多病灶无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 TRβ1通过使β-catenin在细胞内大量蓄积,继而诱导下游靶基因Cyclin A2表达途径参与TPC的发生和进展。     

宫颈癌发生与血浆RelB和PSMD10蛋白质表达调控的关系及临床意义

目的 在前期蛋白质组学研究中,明确了一系列候选血浆差异蛋白指标,包括RelB、PSMD10 等含量上调可能是宫颈癌的候选血浆蛋白质指标。本研究对上述指标进行定量验证,探讨宫颈癌发生及进展与血浆蛋白质表达调控的关系及临床意义。方法 收集维吾尔族女性宫颈病变患者外周血标本共70例,其中宫颈炎（cervicitis,CV）20例,宫颈内上皮瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasisa,CIN）Ⅱ~Ⅲ 20例及宫颈鳞癌（cervical squamous cell carcinoma,CSCC）30例,采用酶联免疫法对血浆RelB、PSMD10 表达水平进行定量鉴定。结果 宫颈病变进展伴有血浆RelB、PSMD10 蛋白质含量梯度性上调,其差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。通过不同血浆蛋白质含量变化的相关性分析,发现血浆PSMD10与RelB呈低度正相关（r<0.4,P<0.01）。对不同蛋白质指标的检测对宫颈癌及癌前病变的预测能力分析,发现血浆RelB蛋白质检测的敏感度、特异性和准确度较高（依次为90.0%、50.0%和75.7%）,对宫颈癌诊断可能有较高的预测价值。结论 宫颈癌发生与血浆蛋白质表达调控存在密切关系,血浆RelB、PSMD10 含量上调可能是宫颈癌发生的早期预警的血浆检测指标,对其检测对宫颈癌诊断具有较高的预测价值。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶2的表达在烟草烟雾暴露后哮喘大鼠气道Th1/Th2平衡中的作用研究

目的 通过研究烟草烟雾暴露对哮喘大鼠气道组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylase,HDAC）2以及血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中干扰素（interferon,IFN）-γ、白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-4表达的影响,探讨HDAC2在辅助性T淋巴细胞（T helper cell）Th1/Th2平衡中的作用。方法 50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组、烟雾暴露+哮喘组、布地奈德+哮喘组、布地奈德+烟雾暴露+哮喘组,建立哮喘大鼠模型、哮喘大鼠烟雾暴露模型以及布地奈德干预模型。免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠气道HDAC2蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测血浆和BALF中Th1型特征性细胞因子IFN-γ以及Th2型特征性细胞因子IL-4水平。结果 与对照组相比,烟雾暴露+哮喘组、哮喘组大鼠气道HDAC2蛋白表达降低,与哮喘组相比,烟雾暴露+哮喘组大鼠气道HDAC2蛋白表达降低,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。与布地奈德+哮喘组相比,布地奈德+烟雾暴露+哮喘组大鼠气道HDAC2蛋白表达降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,哮喘组大鼠和烟雾暴露+哮喘组大鼠血浆、BALF中IFN-γ表达减少,IL-4表达增加,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;与哮喘组相比,烟雾暴露+哮喘组大鼠血浆、BALF中IFN-γ表达减少,IL-4表达增加,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;与布地奈德+哮喘组相比,布地奈德+烟雾暴露+哮喘组大鼠血浆、BALF中IFN-γ表达减少,IL-4表达增加,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;肺组织HDAC2蛋白的表达与血浆中IFN-γ表达呈正相关（r=0.533,P<0.01）,与IL-4表达呈负相关（r=-0.642,P<0.01）。结论 烟草烟雾暴露可以下调哮喘大鼠模型肺组织HDAC2蛋白的表达,从而影响气道炎症,IFN-γ、IL-4的表达以及布地奈德的治疗效果,这可能是烟草烟雾恶化哮喘气道Th 1/Th2平衡的一个免疫学机制。     

Processes affecting deposition of sediment in a small, morphologically complex lake

Devil Lake is morphologically complex as a result of Pleistocene glacial erosion of the Frontenac Axis of the Canadian Shield. In order to assess the processes causing highly variable sedimentation in the lake, we monitored currents, suspended sediment and temperature in the lake before and during autumn overturn in 2002. Strong summer thermal stratification (stability number to 0.11 s^–1 declining with the approach of overturn) was insufficient to prevent a dynamic response in the hypolimnion to wind forcing. Superimposed on a gradual increase in suspended sediment concentration in the last weeks of stratification from less than 2 g/l to about 30 g/l were shorter-term rises lasting up to several days. Associated with these events was an increase in particle size of the sediment from a mode of 40–50 to 150–200 m ascribed to flocculation from primary particles. These events culminated in rapid (<1 h) clearing of the water associated with strong, sustained winds over the lake, especially from the southwest. After overturn, the events were more frequent, and flocculation was unable to develop as well in the more vigorous circulation. However, currents in the hypolimnion occurred throughout the period before, during and after overturn with speed related to wind speed, but direction largely independent of wind direction. The results represent an approach to understanding the nature of sedimentary processes and thus to strengthening the use of sedimentary records as proxy in environmental and paleoenvironmental assessment.     

Lead Contamination Adjacent to Roadways in Trujillo,Venezuela

This study analyzes the extent and pattern of lead contamination along roadways in Trujillo, Venezuela, using traffic counts and soil samples collected in the field. The normalized mean lead level for frontyard samples along major traffic arteries was 200 μgg ^-1 versus 0 μgg^-1 for backyard samples. Furthermore 55%of the frontyard lead levels were hazardous, versus 7% of the backyard samples. This suggests a strong relationship between traffic and soil lead content. However, a relationship between lead level spatial patterns and traffic volume patterns was not established, suggesting that factors beyond traffic volume, such as slope and erosion, play a significant role in contamination patterns.     

Green Costs,Red Ink: Determinants of Municipal Defensive Expenditures inOntario

Book reviews are in these Articles.

Understanding Peasant Agriculture: An Integrated Land-Use Model for the Punjab Joseph H. Astroth, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago, Committee on Geographical Studies, 1990. (Geography Research Paper No. 223). ix and 173 pp., maps, photos, figs., apps., biblio., and index; $12.00 paper (ISBN 0-89065-127-2).

National Integration in Indonesia: Patterns and Policies Christine Drake. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989. xvi and 354 pp., maps, diags., tables, index, and biblio. $35.00 cloth ISBN 0-8248- 1229-8).

Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size. Masahisa Fujita. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. x and 366 pp., diag., graphs, biblio. notes, append, biblio., index. $65.00 cloth (ISBN 0-521-34662-2).

The Sugar Cane Industry: An Historical Geography from Its Origins to 1914. J. H. Galloway. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xiii and 266 pp., maps, tables, diags., index, and biblio. $44.50 cloth (ISBN 0-521-24853-1).

Government Policy and Industrial Change. David Gibbs, ED. New York: Routledge, 1989. xvi and 317 pp., 15 figs., 53 tables, index, and biblio. $59.95 cloth (ISBN 0-415-01032-2).

English Agriculture: An Historical Perspective. David Grigg. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1989. vii and 256 pp. $60.00 cloth (ISBN 0-631-16033-7).

London 2001. Peter Hall. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. xii and 226 pp., maps, diags., index, and biblio. $34.95 cloth (ISBN 0-04-4451 61 -X).

The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography. Ruth Kark, ED. Translated from the Hebrew by Michael Gordon. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University and New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990. x and 332 pp., maps, diags., plates. $27.50 cloth (ISBN 0-300- 04718-5).

Die Farmer-Genossenschaften in den USA – Eine agrargeographie Untersuchung. Werner Klohn. Vechta, Federal Republic of Germany: Vechtaer Druckerei, 1990. Vechtaer Arbeiten zur Geographie und Regionalwissenschaft, Band 9. 285 pp., maps, photos, diags., and biblio. 39.80 DM paper (ISBN 3-88441-083-0).

Agricultural Development in Japan: The Land Improvement District in Concept and Practice. Gil Latz. Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press, 1989. vii and 135 pp., maps, diags., index, and biblio. $12.00 paper (ISBN 0-89065-129-9).

Land Use Planning Made Plain. Hok Lin Leung. Kingston, Ontario: Ronald P. Frye &; Company, 1989. xv and 237 pp., maps, diags., tables, append., index, and refs. $19.95 paper (ISBN 0-919741-98-3).

Computers in Geography. David J. Maguire. New York: Halsted Press, 1989. xv and 248 pp., maps, photos, diags., index, and biblio. $31.95 paper (ISBN 0-470-21 194-6).

Maps with the News: The Development of American Journalistic Cartography. Mark Monmonier. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1989. xii and 331 pp., maps, illus., index, and biblio. $24.95 cloth (ISBN 0-226-53411-1).

Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling. C. Dana Tomlin. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990. xviii and 249 pp., maps, diags., review questions, selected readings, appendix, index, $44.20 cloth (ISBN 0-13-350927-3).     

Promoting Local Growth: Process,Practice, and Policy

Electromap World Atlas, Version 1.1.

Interactive Population Statistical System, Version 1.0. Jerry W. Wicks and Jose Luiz Pereira de Almeida

MATHCAD, Version 2.5.

Memory Mate.

Micro DEM+, Version 5.21. Peter Guth

NCSS – Number Cruncher Statistical System, Version 5.02. Dr. Jerry L. Hintze     

珠穆朗玛峰地区雪冰中重金属浓度与季节变化

The concentrations of heavy metals Ba, Pb, Cu, Zn and Co in snow pit collected in September, 2005 from the accumulation area of the East Rongbuk Glacier (6523 m a.s.l.), which lies on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations (pg/ml) of heavy metals are Ba2-227, Co2.8-15.7, Cu10-120, Zn29-4948 and Pb14-142, respectively. The δ¹⁸O was determined by MAT-252. The time period of the snow pit spans from autumn 2005 to summer 2004. Seasonal variations of the concentrations and δ¹⁸O are observed, of which Pb, Cu, Zn and Co are much lower in summer monsoon season than that in non summer monsoon season, suggesting that different sources of heavy metals contributed to the site. EF_c (crustal enrichment factors) is Co3.6, Cu27, Pb33 and Zn180, respectively. Higher EF_c values of Pb, Cu and Zn suggest that Pb, Cu especially Zn are mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40501014; No.40871058 Author: Duan Jianping (1981–), Ph.D. Candidate, specialized in climate and environmental change.     

Books,Atlases, & Maps Received

Abstract

Alan R. H. Baker, John D. Hamshere, John Langton (eds.). GEOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF HISTORICAL SOURCES. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1970. Preface, index, maps. 452 pages. Cloth, $13.00.

Amry Vandenbosch. SOUTH AFRICA AND THE WORLD. Lexington: The University Kentucky Press, 1970. Preface, table of contents, index. 301 pages. Cloth, $8.50.

World Book Science Annual. SCIENCE YEAR 1971 Chicago: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1970. Preface, table of contents, index, diagrams, photographs (many in color). 442 pages. Cloth, n.p.

Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosinski, R. Man-sell Prothero (eds.). GEOGRAPHY AND A CROWDING WORLD. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. Preface, introduction, epilogue, glossary, index, tables and maps, bibliographies. 601 pages. Cloth, $10.95.     

Geographical patterns of tree-limits of Norway spruce and Scots pine in the southern Swedish Scandes

The tree-limit altitudes of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from 180 sites (within an area of 95?km?×?165?km) in the southern Scandes were correlated with the geographical variables latitude, longitude and distance to the sea. The results were compared with a similar investigation of the tree-limit of mountain birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. tortuosa (Ledeb.) Nyman) in the same area. The three tree-limit altitudes showed good negative correlation with latitude, poor correlation with longitude and good positive correlation with the distance to the sea, suggesting that on a regional scale the altitudes are controlled by macroclimate. At some sites, local topoclimatic features, some of which were partially aspect-dependent, may cause deviations in the regional pattern of tree-limit altitude that is set primarily by summer temperature. Tree-limit responses to potential future climate warming will probably differ substantially in magnitude from site to site in relation to local topography and associated ecological constraints.