2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝与血清胆碱酯酶的关系探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）、非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）与血清胆碱酯酶（S-CHE）的关系。方法 随机选取221例T2DM患者,将患者分为T2DM合并NAFLD、未合并NAFLD两组。并随机选取同一时期体检的工人及退休人员206例,分为单纯NAFLD和正常对照组。所有被检者进行餐前和餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、肝肾功能、血脂、S-CHE的检测以及肝胆胰脾B超检查;对T2DM患者进行空腹C肽和餐后C肽的测定,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA2-IR）、胰岛素敏感度指数（HOMA2-%S）、胰岛β细胞功能（HOMA2-%B）。结果 DM合并NAFLD和单纯NAFLD组的S-CHE水平明显高于T2DM未合并NAFLD组和正常对照组（P均<0.01）;随着T2DM病程的延长,S-CHE、ALT、GGT、TG、TC、空腹C肽、餐后C肽的水平逐渐下降,年龄逐渐增高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;将T2DM患者分为A（S-CHE<8900IU/L）、B（S-CHE≥8900IU/L）两组,B组患者的BMI、脂肪肝百分比、ALT、AST、GGT、TG、TC、LDL-C、HOMA2-IR高于A组,HOMA2-%S低于A组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;Pearson偏相关分析显示,校正年龄、性别、病程、HbA1c、FBG、收缩压、舒张压后,S-CHE与HOMA2-IR、BMI、TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、GGT水平呈正相关,与HOMA2-%S呈负相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）;多元线性回归分析显示,S-CHE与TC、HOMA2-IR、ALT水平呈正相关（R²=0.281,P均<0.01）。结论 S-CHE的水平在NAFLD患者明显增高,而未合并NAFLD的T2DM患者S-CHE的水平并无增高,S-CHE水平升高主要与脂肪肝、胰岛素抵抗及血脂紊乱相关,常规检测S-CHE可以反映T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗的情况以及早期预测NAFLD的发生。     

运用双源CTA探讨左冠状动脉分支夹角与左前降支斑块的关系

目的 运用双源CT血管成像（CTA）探讨左冠状动脉分支夹角与左前降支斑块间的潜在关系。方法 从笔者医院2016年1~5月进行冠状动脉CTA检查患者中,随机选取100例冠状动脉正常组和100例左前降支斑块组（支架置入术后复查、搭桥术后复查、心肌桥、冠状动脉起源异常患者除外）进行回顾性分析,分析结果由2名医生共同确定。100例冠状动脉正常组中,男性57例,女性43例,患者年龄为48~72岁,平均年龄57.54±8.38岁。100例左前降支斑块患者,其中男性64例,女性36例,患者年龄为41~86岁,平均年龄62.08±13.94岁。采用多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）等技术测量左冠状动脉分支夹角,探讨其与左前降支斑块的关系。结果 冠状动脉正常组左冠状动脉分支夹角范围41.25°~112.14°,平均夹角69.45°±18.71°,左前降支斑块组左冠状动脉分支夹角范围54.14°~128.12°,平均夹角85.65°±15.96°,两组比较,左前降支斑块组左冠状动脉分支夹角大于冠状动脉正常组（P<0.05）。结论 双源CTA可以无创、客观评价左冠状动脉分支夹角及左前降支斑块病变,左冠状动脉分支夹角对左前降支斑块的形成具有重要影响。     

鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂对骨癌痛大鼠的镇痛作用研究

目的 研究鞘内注射细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK1/2）抑制剂（SCH772984）对骨癌痛Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠疼痛行为学及脊髓背角Fos蛋白表达的影响,探讨ERK-P90RSK-Fos信号通路在骨癌痛中的作用。方法 取鞘内置管后5天的雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分成5组（n=8）,包括Sham假手术组和BNP模型组（分别为对照组,SCH772984给药组SCH 0.1组,SCH 1组,SCH 10组）。在造模后第9天,Sham组不给药,BNP模型组鞘内分别给5% DMSO 10μl、SCH772984抑制剂 0.1、1.0、10μg（SCH772984抑制剂溶于10μl 5%的DMSO中）。测定造模前1天、造模后3、6、9、12、15、18天以及给药后1、3、6、9、12、18、24h的机械缩足阈值（MWT）、热缩足潜伏期（PWL）以及2min自发缩足次数。取鞘内置管后5天的SD大鼠40只,随机分为5组（n=8）,其中B1、B2、B3组在造模后第9天,鞘内注射SCH772984抑制剂10μg后分别于1、9、24h取材,M组为模型对照组,鞘内注射5% DMSO后9h取材,S组为空白对照组。通过免疫印迹（Western blot）法及免疫荧光测定脊髓背角p-ERK、p-p90RSK以及Fos蛋白表达情况。结果 鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂（SCH772984）对骨癌痛大鼠有镇痛作用,并且该效应随着剂量的增加而增大;鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂（SCH772984）10μg可明显减少脊髓背角Fos蛋白的表达。结论 ERK-p90RSK-Fos通路可能影响骨癌痛。     

阿霉素性心肌病大鼠左心室肌纤维化程度与缝隙连接蛋白的变化

目的 探讨阿霉素性心肌病大鼠发生心律失常的发病机制。方法 健康wistar雄性大鼠20只,体重200g,适应周围环境1周后,随机将20只wistar雄性大鼠分为对照组（n=10）和阿霉素（ADR）组（n=10）。ADR组的大鼠在1周内进行3次腹腔注射ADR 2mg/kg;同时对照组则进行3次腹腔注射0.9%NaCl （2ml/kg）,停药后让两组大鼠自由饮食4周。7周后对两组大鼠行心脏彩超检测,左心室舒张末径（LVEDd）与左心室收缩末期内径（LVESd）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）,行VG染色观察各组大鼠心肌纤维化情况;扫描电镜染色观察左心室心肌细胞闰盘病理学变化;两组大鼠心肌结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、N型钙黏蛋白（N-cad）、桥粒芯糖蛋白（DSG2）表达应用ELISA法检测;采用Western blot法检测两组大鼠的心肌细胞Cx40 、Cx43、p-Cx43蛋白表达。结果 与对照组相比,阿霉素组大鼠明显出现心室重构,并易出现心律失常;电镜下观察ADR组大鼠心肌细胞闰盘破损严重,间隙增宽,VG染色显示ADR组大鼠病理积分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;ADR组大鼠相较于对照组大鼠心室肌中CTGF、TGF-β1的表达升高显著,N-cad、DSG2、Cx40、Cx43及p-Cx43的表达明显减低（P<0.05）。结论 ADR组大鼠可能由于心室肌细胞纤维化、闰盘结构受损、缝隙连接重构等原因导致心律失常。     

负压对四肢瘢痕切除创面成纤维细胞的生长环境影响

目的 探究持续封闭负压引流技术（VSD）对瘢痕切除创面成纤维细胞生长环境的影响。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月~2015年11月于笔者医院行植皮手术的四肢瘢痕切除术后患者60例,根据植皮手术前是否接受VSD治疗分为负压组（n=30）和包扎组（n=30）,负压组均于一期植皮前接受VSD治疗,包扎组未接受VSD治疗。回顾性分析对比两组患者并发症发生率、首次植皮存活率、创面感染率、住院时间之间的差异。并用TUNEL染色、CD34染色法对比瘢痕标本中成纤维细胞凋亡指数及血管生成情况。结果 负压组菌培养阳性率明显低于包扎组（P<0.05）,植皮存活率明显高于包扎组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率、住院时间、疼痛评分、随访VSS评分间比较,负压组均明显较低（P<0.05）。负压组成纤维细胞凋亡指数明显较低,微血管计数明显较高（P<0.05）。结论 负压封闭引流可以减轻瘢痕切除创面感染率,有效减轻炎性水肿,且可以通过改变局部血液循环微环境以及机械应力作用促进成纤维细胞增殖分裂,提高创面恢复效果。     

TRβ1、β-catenin及Cyclin A2在甲状腺乳头状癌的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺激素受体β1（thyroid hormone receptor β1,TRβ1）、β-链蛋白（β-catenin）及细胞周期蛋白A2（Cyclin A2）在甲状腺乳头状癌（thyroid papillary carcinoma,TPC）组织中的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组化（SP）法分别检测30例正常甲状腺组织、30例结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生（nodular goiter with papillary hyperplasia,NGWPH）及116例TPC组织中TRβ1、β-catenin及Cyclin A2的表达,同时检测肿瘤淋巴管密度（lymphtic vessel density,LVD）,分析它们与临床病理指标的关系。结果 与正常甲状腺组织和NGWPH组织比较,TPC组织中TRβ1的表达阳性率降低,β-catenin在细胞膜表达显著减弱,而胞质表达明显增强,Cyclin A2的表达阳性率升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,TRβ1与β-catenin和Cyclin A2的表达呈负相关（r=-0.656和-0.525,均P<0.01）,β-catenin和Cyclin A2呈正相关（r=0.384,P<0.01）;淋巴结转移组的LVD显著高于无淋巴结转移组（P<0.05）;TRβ1低表达、β-catenin胞质异常表达及Cyclin A2过表达与TPC包膜外侵、LVD及淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,而与患者年龄、性别、组织类型、肿瘤直径、是否为多病灶无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 TRβ1通过使β-catenin在细胞内大量蓄积,继而诱导下游靶基因Cyclin A2表达途径参与TPC的发生和进展。     

甲强龙联合右美托咪定对体外循环下认知功能的影响

目的 评价甲强龙联合右美托咪定对体外循环（CPB）心脏瓣膜置换术患者脑认知功能的保护作用。方法 选择内蒙古医科大学附属医院CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例,完全随机化分为4组（n=15）,分别为对照组（A组）、甲强龙组（M组）、右美托咪定组（D组）和甲强龙联合右美托咪定组（B组）,在麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气。M组在体外循环预冲液加入甲强龙20mg/kg,D组麻醉在诱导后静脉泵注右美托咪定1μg/kg负荷量,之后以0.05μg/（kg·h）速率静脉泵注至术毕,B组既麻醉诱导后静脉注射右美托咪定1μg/kg负荷量,然后以0.05μg/（kg·h）速率静脉输注至术毕又在体外循环预冲液加入甲强龙20mg/kg,A组给于等容量生理盐水。在麻醉后手术前（T₁）、CPB即刻（T₂）、CPB30min（T₃）、CPB结束10min（T₄）、术毕（T₅）、CPB结束后6h（T₆）时采集颈内静脉球部血样,使用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）法测定血清IL-6、IL-10、S100β蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的浓度。记录术前1天术后2天、3天、7天采用简化智能评分量表（MMSE）评估患者认知功能。结果 M组、D组和B组在T_1~6各个时间点IL-6、S100β蛋白和NSE均比对照组明显降低,IL-10均比对照组升高,差异有统计学差异（P<0.05）。B组在T_1~6各个时间点IL-6、S100β蛋白和NSE均比其他组更低,IL-10均比其他组更高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。M组、D组和B组术后发生认知功能障碍的发生率均高于对照组,B组发生认知功能障碍的发生率最低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 甲强龙和右美托嘧啶均可以有效降低体外循环中IL-6、S100β蛋白和NSE的浓度,降低脑损伤,减少术后认知功能障碍的发生率,联合应用甲强龙和右美托嘧啶对体外循环后脑损伤的保护效果更佳。     

川芎嗪对铁过载原代培养脐静脉内皮细胞超氧化物歧化酶、活性氧表达的影响

目的 探讨铁过载对原代培养脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECS）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、活性氧表达的影响及川芎嗪的干预效应。方法 使用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测体外培养铁过载脐静脉内皮细胞表达的超氧化物歧化酶和活性氧的含量。结果 与空白组比较,模型组超氧化物歧化酶的含量显著降低（P<0.01）,给药组超氧化物歧化酶与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;模型组活性氧含量显著高于空白组（P<0.01）,与模型组相比,给药组活性氧含量有明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 川芎嗪能抑制脐静脉内皮细胞铁过载导致的氧化应激,有通过抗氧化应激发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死患者MTHFR基因C677T多态性之间的相关性研究

目的 探讨研究同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）水平与脑梗死患者亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因C677T的多态性之间的相关性。方法 选择2012年2月~2015年8月期间在笔者医院住院就诊的450例脑梗死患者作为研究组,其中糖尿病患者181例,非糖尿病患者269例,另外选择285例笔者医院门诊部健康的体检人员作为对照组,分别采用焦磷酸测序的方法检测分析MTHFR基因C677T的多态性,并分析各基因型与Hcy水平之间的相关性。结果 脑梗死组与健康对照组的MTHFR基因型分布之间的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,脑梗死组T基因的频率明显比对照组高,差异有统计学意义（χ²=13.67,P=0.00）。脑梗死组患者的Hcy浓度明显高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=12.71,P=0.00）。脑梗死组患者各MTHFR基因型患者的Hcy水平之间比较,差异有统计学意义（F=17.68,P=0.00）。非糖尿病脑梗死患者的Hcy水平明显高于糖尿病脑梗死患者,差异有统计学意义（t=2.97,P=0.00）,非糖尿病组TT型的Hcy浓度明显高于糖尿病组,CC型的Hcy浓度明显低于糖尿病组,差异均有统计学意义（t=5.67,2.18;P=0.00,0.03）。糖尿病性脑梗死患者和非糖尿病脑梗死患者中,MTHFR基因为TT型的Hcy水平明显高于CC型和CT型,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而CC型和CT型的Hcy水平之间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 脑梗死患者比健康人的MTHFR基因C677T的T等位基因频率高,且脑梗死患者的MTHFR基因C677T为TT基因型时血清中Hcy的水平更高,由此判断TT基因型可能是脑梗死发生的危险因素。     

平均血小板体积变化在急性胰腺炎中的临床意义及治疗效果评估价值

目的 探讨平均血小板体积等参数在急性胰腺炎病程中变化的临床意义及其对治疗效果评估的价值。方法 回顾性分析53例轻症急性胰腺炎（MAP）患者、25例重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者和40例健康者（对照组）的临床资料,检测平均血小板体积（MPV）、血小板计数（PLT）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）、白细胞计数（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及血清钙离子浓度（Ca²⁺）等指标。比较并分析上述指标在急性胰腺炎病程中及治疗前后的变化。结果 与对照组比较,急性胰腺炎患者入院时MPV显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与MAP组比较,SAP组入院时MPV明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;SAP组中,MPV在入院后第3天较入院时进一步升高,至入院第5天、第7天逐渐下降;SAP组中,MPV在病程中各时间点与MAP组比较均显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与治疗前比较,急性胰腺炎患者治疗后MPV显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 急性胰腺炎患者平均血小板体积与病情严重程度及治疗效果相关。     

WARFARE IN SUBURBIA

It is hypothesized that modern suburbia provides for greater mobility than cover in military operations. This ready penetrability gives the advantage to the attack rather than the defense. The strategic implication of this denial of current and traditional military thinking is that a Soviet attack along the Börde of Germany might progress more rapidly than presently envisaged and nullify the present NATO intention of winning time for a political solution to any conflict.     

Areal interpolation of spatially extensive variables: A comparison of alternative techniques

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology which provides a practicable solution to a specific class of areal interpolation problems. The method allows for the transformation of the areal basis of land use data from a set of reporting units to a set of land capability classes within each of which land use mix is assumed to be homogeneous. Three alternative procedures, based on least squares criteria, are suggested for estimation of the land use mix in each land class. Although these are shown to produce similar and broadly plausible results in an empirical application, choice of procedure may be guided by consideration of the particular application and computational ease.     

GIS and geometric representation in facility location problems

Abstract

A neglected aspect of facility location problems is the geometric representation of the facilities sited and clients served. Point objects represent these entities in most facility location problems. This can cause solution error and limit the range of potential solutions. The increasing capabilities of geographical information systems (GIS) to represent, store and manipulate spatial entities provides a substantial but unrealized potential for more sophisticated geometric representation in facility location problems. This paper provides a framework for realizing this potential. Specifically, this paper: (i) synthesizes existing formulations; (ii) develops a unified mathematical framework; (iii) identifies feasible computational strategies that can be implemented within a GIS framework, and; (iv) discusses potential GIS-based solution algorithms.     

Why not SQL!

Abstract

The application of traditional database query languages, primarily the Structured Query Language SQL, for geographical information systems (GIS) and other non–standard database applications has been tried unsuccessfully; therefore, several extensions to the relational database query language SQL have been proposed to serve as a spatial query language. It is argued that the SQL framework is inappropriate for an interactive query language for a GIS and an extended SQL is at best a short term solution. Any spatial SQL dialect has a number of serious deficiencies, particularly the patches to incorporate the necessary spatial concepts into SQL.     

Geographic Influences in the Development of St. Louis

Abstract

Ralph and Mollie Izzard. A Walk in the Mountains, A Family's Trip Through the High Lebanon.

Wesley Calef. Private Grazing and Public Lands, Studies of the Local Management of the Taylor Grazing Act.

S. H. Steinberg (editor). The Statesman's Yearbook, 1960-1961.

E. Joseph Dreany. Alaska.

John C. and Elsie F. Caldwell. Our Neighbors in Japan.

R. J. Harrison Church. West Africa: A Study of the Environment and of Man's Use of it.

Alex Somme, editor. A Geography of Norden.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:

Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Aerial photography and image interpretation for Resource Management. DAVIDP. PAINE.

Analytical Models and Techniques Spatial Processes Models and ApplicationsA. D. CLIFFAND J. K. ORD

Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical ManualJOHNA. MATTHEWS.

Cartography and Maps Map Data Processing. HERBERTFREEMANAND GOFFREDOG. PIERONI, eds.

Computer-assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects, 1982. MARKS. MONMONIER.

Cultural Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions. STEPHENC. JETTAND VIRGINIAE . SPENCER.

Rational Landscapes and Humanistic Geography. EDWARDRELPH.

Economic The Structure and Control of a State Economy. W. L. L'ESPERANCE.

Economic Geography. JAMES O. WHEELER AND PETER O. MULLER.

The Myth of the Family Farm: Agribusiness Dominance of U.S. Agriculture. INGOLF VOCELER.

Libya: The Experience of Oil. J. A. ALLEN.

Geography of Public Finance, Welfare Under Fiscal Federalism and local Government Finance. ROBERT BENNETT.

Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Mountains and Man. LARRY W. PRICE.

Environmental Geology. DONALD R. COATES.

An Introduction to Environmental Systems. G. H. DURY.

The Environment: Chinese and American Views. Edited by LAURENCE J. C. MAAND ALLEN G. NOBLE.

Land Use in America. RICHARD H. JACKSON.

Medical Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography. MELINDA S. MEADE (ed.).

Philosophy and Geographic Thought Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird. GUNNAR OLSSON.

PhysicaI Climatology: Selected Applications. J. E. OLIVER.

Geomorphological Techniques. ANDREW GOUDIE (ed.).

Political Politics, Geography and Behaviour. RICHARD MUIR AND RONAN PADDISON.

The State of the World Atlas. MICHAEL KIDRON AND RONALD SECAL.

Population The Population of the South. DUDLEY L. POSTON, JR. AND ROBERT H. WELLER, eds.

Regional Latin America: Economic Development and Regional Differentiation. ARTHUR MORRIS.

Developing the Amazon. EMILIO F. MORAN.

Western Europe: A Systematic Human Geography. BRIAN W. ILBERY.

Settlement Systems in Sparsely Settled Regions: The United States and Australia. RICHARD E. LONSDALEAND JOHN H. HOLMES, eds.

African Perspectives: The Economic Geography of Nine African States. HARMDEBUJAND ESMOND MARTIN, eds.

Rural Nonmetropolitan America in Transition. AMOS H. HAWLEYAND SARA MILLS MAZIE, eds.

Social Crime and Environment. R. NORMAN DAVIDSON.

The Ghetto: Readings with Interpretations. JOE T. DARDEN, ed.

Urban Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World. MICHAEL PACIONE (ed.)

Problems and Planning in Third World Cities. Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE.

The City in West Europe. D. BURTENSHAW, M. BATEMAN, AND C. J. ASHWORTH.     

Flood evacuation simulations using cellular automata and multiagent systems -a human-environment relationship perspective

ABSTRACT

A flood evacuation represents a complex geographic phenomenon that includes comprehensive interactions among humans, the flood and urban environments; thus, the simulation of flood evacuations requires crowd simulation models to be coupled with flood models. This paper studies the human-environment relationship during flooding and promotes a simulation model that combines cellular automata and a multiagent system to simulate crowd evacuations in flood disasters. A case study of Niaodao Island was used to evaluate the performance of flood evacuation experiments, and real-participant experiments based on the virtual reality (VR) environment were employed for bench-mark comparisons. The integrated model can provide a comprehensive solution to assist flood risk analysis.     

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries

Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700. Thomas H. Naylorand Charles W. Polzer, S.J., comps. andeds.

Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety. Stan Openshaw.

The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.