基于嵌入式人工智能设备的流星光学监测系统

流星光学监测网是定位陨石和观测火流星的基础科研设施. 流星光学监测系统利用光学相机高速采集天空图像, 使用嵌入式系统实时处理数据, 能够快速识别流星并获取流星位置和陨石落点信息, 是构成流星监测网的关键仪器. 为提高流星光学监测系统获取信息的实时性及准确性, 提出了一种基于嵌入式人工智能设备的流星光学监测系统. 该系统由软件及硬件部分组成: 硬件部分包括观测设备(商用高空抛物摄像头)以及数据处理设备(嵌入式人工智能设备); 软件部分运行于数据处理设备内, 主要包括控制界面模块、流星监测模块、数据管理模块. 实际工作时, 摄像头采集天空视频信息, 流星监测模块从视频流中实时监测流星并存储包含流星视频的数据, 数据管理模块将流星位置信息实时传回数据中心用于预警. 观测结束后, 将原始观测数据同步至数据中心用于后续科学研究. 在整个系统中, 流星监测模块决定了整个监测系统的实时性及准确性. 该系统采用嵌入式人工智能设备与人工智能算法结合的方法构建流星监测模块. 通过使用实测数据对搭载监测模块性能进行测试, 结果表明: 流星监测模块能够达到0.28%的低误检率以及100%的召回率, 且数据处理速度达到了Mobilenetv2的8倍. 进一步将包含监测模块的整个流星光学监测系统部署于太原理工大学-张壁古堡远程天文台, 通过实测表明流星光学监测系统实用中能达到100%的召回率和较低的误检率.     

NVST狭缝扫描及定标单元的电动控制实现

利用1 m红外太阳望远镜(New Vacuum Solar Telescope,NVST)对太阳进行观测和研究,需要控制狭缝扫描系统和磁分析系统中各设备的运动以配合观测系统采集数据。针对实际观测中对设备运动控制的需求,并利用控制器对相应设备的直接控制,提出基于TCP协议及UDP协议的Win Sock网络编程以及串口通信编程的设计方案,设计了一套基于Client/Server架构的控制系统软件,实现各仪器在局域网范围内的远程控制。通过对设备的运动控制测试,客户端发送控制命令给服务器端,服务器计算机解析命令并通过串口控制各仪器运行,同时采集设备的状态信息反馈给客户端,测试结果表明此系统能良好地控制各设备运行,结合网络通信及串口通信的设计为后续的观测系统功能升级打下了基础。     

一种基于单片机的数据采集系统设计

叙述了一种基于单片机的数据采集系统硬件设计和软件编制。该系统可在工作现场自动完成排量、压力的采集、分析及数据处理工作，实现实时显示，可广泛应用于智能仪器仪表、科学研究中。     

一米新真空太阳望远镜光谱扫描观测系统设计

1 m新真空太阳望远镜(New Vacuum Solar Telescope,NVST)是国内用于对太阳进行观测和研究的大型科研设备,针对太阳活动区光谱观测的需求,在现有的大色散光谱仪及多波段光谱仪基础上,设计了光谱扫描设备,并基于C#设计了一套观测控制系统软件,实现扫描设备的运动控制和观测数据的采集。进行光谱扫描观测时,计算机控制扫描设备步进运动,并利用图像采集卡通过Camera Link总线采集CCD/CMOS相机的探测数据,基于多线程技术采集观测数据,将采集的图像数据存储成FITS(Flexible Image Transport System)文件,并将光谱图像数据处理成灰度图像用于软件界面监视。此套软件已用于1 m太阳望远镜光谱扫描观测,测试结果满足预期功能需求,为后续观测系统功能升级提供了良好的扩展性。     

用于雷达天文研究的高速基带数据记录系统

为了开展雷达天文科学研究, 将射电望远镜接收的雷达回波信号进行采集和记录, 研究基于SNAP (Smart Network ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Processor)硬件实验板和快速存储服务器设计并开发了雷达天文基带数据采集与记录系统. 该系统采用CASPER (Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research)提供的图形化FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)开发工具流, 设计了双通道、256MHz带宽信号采集和VDIF (VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) Data Interchange Format)基带数据输出固件程序; 基于HASHPIPE (High Availability SHared PIPeline Engine)多线程管理引擎开发了双万兆以太网口实时基带数据存储程序, 存储带宽达到1GB/s; 最后编写了VDIF格式到雷达天文格式的转换程序. 经过脉冲星信号观测实验检测, 该系统准确、可靠.     

由USB3相机和GigE相机构建的图像采集系统

使用不同厂商生产且接口类型不同的高速相机组建一个统一控制的图像采集系统,会大大增加开发的难度。介绍一个由USB3接口CCD相机和GigE接口CCD相机组成的图像采集系统的硬件结构和软件开发方案。硬件方面,相机在外同步触发信号的作用下,由一台图像工作站同时采集两台相机的图像。软件方面,使用不同相机的开发包进行二次开发,系统运行后弹出两台相机的控制与采集界面,采用人机交互方式进行相机配置。两台相机可以独立工作,亦可同步采集。图像采集系统实验表明,系统工作正常,但在工作站完成两台相机单帧图像采集的时间差均值约15 ms。     

我国探月工程VLBI相关处理机简介

甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)是重要的射电天文技术,具有极高的空间分辨率,是国际上广泛采用的深空探测器高精度角位置测量手段[1]".相关处理机是VLBI数据预处理的核心设备.由于VLBI观测数据的相关处理具有数据密集和计算密集的双重特点,普通计算机的性能难以达到对数据处理速度的要求,需要有专用的高速硬件数据处理单元来完成相关处理.我国探月工程VLBI地面测控系统中所使用的硬件相关处理机是基于大容量、高性能的在线可编程门阵列(FPGA),自主研制的高速数据处理单元,可以实时处理每台站最高速率达1 Gb/s的数据,其数据处理结果,经过软件验证并与欧空局(ESA)提供的数据进行了比较,结果符合良好.     

云南天文台40米射电望远镜S波段总流量观测系统研制和测试

为提高云南天文台40 m射电望远镜射电源流量观测性能,针对S波段现有问题,设计并研制了一套流量观测系统.研发硬件包括抗干扰射频模块、K因子辐射计.同时开发了与新系统配合工作的观测软件,用于数据采集、实时显示、储存及处理.系统研制完成后,进行了安装测试.测试方式为河外致密源ON/OFF流量观测.观测结果表明,实测灵敏度接近理论值水平,新研制系统性能较旧设备有显著提高.     

CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统的设计与实现

中国新一代厘米-分米波射电日像仪(Chinese Spectral Radio Heliograph,CSRH)项目已经完成了硬件建设.为了实现从数字接收机中读取观测数据,并将最新的可用数据状态通知其他子系统如监控系统和实时展现系统等,迫切需要一个稳定可靠的数据接收子系统.针对CSRH-I的特点及要求,在分析数字接收机原始数据格式的基础上,设计并实现了CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统.系统基于Linux环境,采用Boost软件包作为底层开发库,实现了基于TCP协议的网络套接服务器,能够异步接收、过滤数字接收机发送来的数据,经过相应的分析处理后最终以文件方式存储数据,进而采用UDP报文方式通知其它子系统观测数据的更新状态.本系统充分考虑了通信过程中可能的异常情况并采取了相应的对策.测试表明,CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统工作稳定可靠,容错能力强,可以满足CSRH-I的应用需求.     

天文CMOS相机测试平台及控制系统的实现

CMOS相机是一种重要的固体成像设备?随着科研级CMOS相机的性能不断提高,现已广泛应用于科研领域?新真空太阳望远镜的成像设备也使用CMOS相机?因此建立一个天文CMOS相机测试系统?对于新购CMOS相机的验收以及现有CMOS相机的定期检测和维护有十分重要的意义。介绍了CMOS相机测试平台的硬件组成,并针对实际测试中对设备控制的需求,以及利用控制器对相应的设备直接控制,提出了基于TCP/IP协议以及串口通信的设计方案?利用C#编程语言设计了一套多线程并行的控制系统软件?实现各设备在局域网内的远程并行控制。通过对设备的运行测试,结果表明,系统能良好地控制各设备的正常运行?满足测试系统集成控制的需求.     

我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器研制进展

数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS).文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以VLBI观测实验数据证明其可行性.与原有的模拟设备(Anal...     

新一代S2FS终端控制软件

上海天文台佘山 2 5m观测站S2 -PT终端系统用于甚长基线干涉测量 (VLBI)实验。它在实验中按不同的模式将实验数据记录在录像带上。新一代S2FS控制软件使用一个观测纲要文件和一个过程控制文件在FS(FieldSystem)软件下控制S2终端系统     

New-generation data acquisition and control system for continuum radio-astronomic observations with RATAN-600 radio telescope: Development,observations, and measurements

A new Data Acquisition and Control System for performing continuum radio-astronomical observations with the RATAN-600 radio telescope is presented. One of the “building blocks” of the system is the Embedded Radiometric Data Acquisition System (ER-DAS) developed at the RATAN-600. It is a measurement facility meant for digitizing and reducing radiometer signals and for transmitting the result of these operations via Ethernet networks. ER-DAS system is shown to have a low self-noise level and to lack 1/f-type noise. The measurement facility is shown to operate efficiently in radio-astronomical observations. Radiometric measurements of the parameters of high-sensitivity radiometers are illustrated in the case of the measurements of radiometer gain fluctuations.     

A high-resolution Fabry-Pérot spectrometer for emission line studies in planetary nebulae and other extended astronomical objects

We describe here a scanning piezo-electric Fabry-Pérot spectrometer operating in the photoncounting mode whose plate spacing and parallelism are maintained by a servo-controlled system, ensuring high accuracy, for the study of emission lines from extended astronomical objects in the spectral range 4500–7000 Å. Details of the optical set-up and the Data Acquisition System (DAS) are described. Its performance at the Cassegrain focus of the 1 m telescope at Kavalur is discussed. Some line profiles on planetary nebulae studied with the above spectrometer are also presented.     

Proposal to Use MAGDAS/CPMN to Study the Equatorial Electrojet: A Philippine Contribution to the International Heliophysical Year

As a Philippine contribution to the International Heliophysical Year, we propose to use the MAGnetic Data Acquisition System/Circum Pan-Pacific Magnetometer Network (MAGDAS/CPMN), installed by the Space Environment Research Center (SERC), Kyushu University along the 210° magnetic meridian and the magnetic equator, to study the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and counter electrojet (CEJ). Through this installation, it is made possible to observe geomagnetic field variations in real time. By utilizing this network of ground-based instruments, we hope to elucidate their regular day-to-day and seasonal variabilities and variations during magnetic storms and substorms. We also want to study the behavior of this ionospheric current system before, during, and after the occurrence of an earthquake.     

System for scientific payload information support for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phobos-Grunt</Emphasis> project

This article describes a device called the System for Scientific Payload Information Support (SSPIS) that controls the traffic (commands, board time code, science and telemetry data) between the onboard computer system (OCS) and the scientific instrumentation (SI) of the spacecraft (SC) of the Phobos-Grunt project. The functional scheme of the device and the functions of the included modules are described. The scope of the testing of the device is considered. The software developed to perform functional testing of the hardware resources of the device is described.     

LAMOST CCD camera-control system based on RTS2

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) is the largest existing spectroscopic survey telescope, having 32 scientific charge-coupled-device(CCD) cameras for acquiring spectra. Stability and automation of the camera-control software are essential, but cannot be provided by the existing system. The Remote Telescope System 2 nd Version(RTS2) is an open-source and automatic observatory-control system. However, all previous RTS2 applications were developed for small telescopes. This paper focuses on implementation of an RTS2-based camera-control system for the 32 CCDs of LAMOST. A virtual camera module inherited from the RTS2 camera module is built as a device component working on the RTS2 framework. To improve the controllability and robustness, a virtualized layer is designed using the master-slave software paradigm, and the virtual camera module is mapped to the 32 real cameras of LAMOST. The new system is deployed in the actual environment and experimentally tested. Finally, multiple observations are conducted using this new RTS2-frameworkbased control system. The new camera-control system is found to satisfy the requirements for automatic camera control in LAMOST. This is the first time that RTS2 has been applied to a large telescope, and provides a referential solution for full RTS2 introduction to the LAMOST observatory control system.     

The SORCE Science Data System

The SORCE Science Data System produces total solar irradiance (TSI) and spectral solar irradiance (SSI) data products on a daily basis, which are formulated using measurements from the four primary instruments onboard the SORCE spacecraft. The Science Data System utilizes raw spacecraft and instrument telemetry, calibration data, and other ancillary information to produce and distribute a variety of data products that have been corrected for all known instrumental and operational effects. SORCE benefits from a highly optimized object-oriented data processing system in which all data are stored in a commercial relational database system, and the software itself determines the versions of data products at run-time. This unique capability facilitates optimized data storage and CPU utilization during reprocessing activities by requiring only new data versions to be generated and stored. This paper provides an overview of the SORCE data processing system, details its design, implementation, and operation, and provides details on how to access SORCE science data products.     

Preliminary Results from the Magnetic Field Measurements Using MAGDAS at Ilorin, Nigeria

MAGDAS, the Magnetic Data Acquisition System, was successfully installed at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria—an equatorial station—in August 2006. MAGDAS is an important component of the International Heliophysical Year, IHY. We examined the preliminary results obtained from the analysis of the geomagnetic data obtained from the MAGDAS measurement. Diurnal variations of the solar quiet daily variation in the three geomagnetic elements, H, D, Z were studied. The obtained signatures of the magnetic field variations were discussed in the context of the literature. The day-to-day variability of the horizontal and vertical intensities as well as the declination of the geomagnetic field were examined. The study justified the need for a partner magnetic field observatory along same meridian as Ilorin, north or south of it, to facilitate synthesis of the equatorial electrojet effect.     

基于GPIB接口的计数器数据采集与控制软件

在Windows平台上 ,使用VC 6 .0开发了一套基于GPIB接口的计数器数据采集与控制软件 ,其特点是采用了多线程机制 ,可实现对计数器的控制 ,以及数据的采集与实时显示。