水准测量大气折射试验研究

大气折射误差是精密水准测量中主要系统误差之一。折射误差对山区水准测量的影响是很大的。作者经过多年试经研究,选择了比较符合实际的温度模型,导出了计算水准折射的严密公式,通过实测检验,对大气折射改正的效果优于库卡梅奇公式。     

GPS中性大气折射延迟的研究

简述了GPS大气折射延迟研究的进展,针对GPS对中性大气折射延迟改正精度的要求,给出了研究天文大气折射和中性大气折射延迟的一个可能方法,即:基于映射函数形式的天文大气折射模型,利用不同方位的天文大气折射值的测定数据,求解映射函数中的参数,进而可建立随观测站和随方位而异的大气折射延迟改正模型。     

水准测量大气折射改正公式的严密推导

本文应用积分法对大气折射改正公式进行了严密推导，导出了计算折射改正的严密公式，并给出了简化的实用公式。经过实测检验，该简化公式可以按测段计算折射改正，适用于水准测量，并能达到较好的改正效果。     

对流层折射对超视距雷达信号定位的影响

超视距雷达信号的精确定位对于提高超视距探测能力有十分重要的意义。但由于对流层中的折射效应，定位系统所测目标的仰角、距离等参量均存在一定的折射误差。主要分析对流层的折射效应对超视距雷达信号定位的影响，并且给出相应的折射误差图（仰角误差和距离误差）；此外，还针对3种不同的大气折射指数模型进行比较，得出折射误差对比图。     

基于地形和GPS观测的SAR干涉图大气延迟估计

大气效应尤其是大气水汽含量在时间和空间上变化引起的雷达信号传播延迟,是重轨雷达干涉测量中难以消除的主要误差源之一。仅借助对GPS水汽的空间数学插值实现对InSAR中的大气延迟改正时,由于未能顾及地形对大气湿延迟的影响,导致改正效果较差。针对这一问题,分析了大气湿延迟中垂直分层部分与地形的关系,建立了两者间相关函数模型,进而提出了顾及地形影响的大气延迟插值新方法。实验结果表明：插值新方法较常规距离权倒数和克里格法,具有明显的优越性。     

利用神经网络建立GPS网络RTK的双差对流层误差模型

为减小对流层误差改正数中系统偏差的影响以提高对流层改正精度,提出了基于神经网络的顾及空间的对流层误差建模模型,该模型的对流层延迟误差改正在网内外精度均达5 cm。     

基于CORS的DInSAR大气延迟校正方法研究

针对利用GPS数据改正DInSAR大气延迟误差中存在CORS站点稀疏的问题,给出一种广义曲面拟合插值模型,并基于北京地区的GPS观测数据和SAR影像对比较了反距离加权插值模型（IDW）和曲面拟合插值模型（CSF）用于区域对流层延迟建模的精度,然后对SAR差分干涉图进行大气延迟校正。结果表明,曲面拟合模型比反距离加权模型更能反映区域单差对流层延迟特性,两次实验的插值精度分别达到了7.1和3.5 mm。采用CORS观测数据和曲面拟合内插模型,可有效削弱DInSAR中的大气延迟误差,提高DInSAR测量结果的精度。     

单双频混合GNSS变形监测系统中单频点电离层误差改正

采用单双频GNSS混合模式进行变形监测的关键是利用双频点数据建立区域电离层误差改正模型,并对单频点的电离层延迟误差进行改正,从而使单频点监测精度也能满足要求。利用广州南沙单双频地面沉降监测网数据对LCM、DIM、LIM、LSM四种区域电离层误差改正模型及其建立方案进行实例,结果表明,4种电离层误差改正模型均能显著改善单频点的监测精度,其中LCM与LIM较优,且利用单频点周围近距离的3个双频点构建区域电离层模型的处理策略最佳。     

基于GPT2w模型化加权平均温度反演可降水量

提出一种基于GPT2w模型化加权平均温度反演大气可降水量的方法,并分析附加系统偏差改正的模型化加权平均温度对可降水量的影响。结果表明,基于GPT2w模型化加权平均温度反演的大气可降水量的精度与基于Bevis公式计算的加权平均温度反演的大气可降水量的精度相当;对GPT2w模型化加权平均温度进行系统偏差改正后,大气可降水量的精度有一定改善,但改善率不到1%。     

天文大气折射的级数展开式

对天文大气折射的级数展开理论进行了研究,给出了新的级数展开式。新的级数展开式能够展开到任意阶次项,并且达到了亚毫角秒的理论精度;另外,把地面附近的位相折射指数作为未知数单独提出来,适应了光学技术在不同观测波长情况下的处理,并给出了以视天顶距正切为引数的级数展开式。这一成果将可完全取代普尔科沃大气折射表公式,也可以利用该方法进行射线跟踪的理论研究。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research