地震资料信噪比估算方法改进

在存在相关干扰的地震资料中,用以往的方法估算信噪比(Signal-to-Noise),往往存在较大的误差。这里提出了利用F-K滤波分离相关干扰,然后用相关时移法估算有效信号,再利用有效信号与总干扰之能量比来计算信噪比。通过模型实验和实际资料试算证实,这种改进的信噪比估算方法,对于存在有相关干扰的资料,能够较准确地估算出真实信噪比。     

用静力触探资料估算单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的几点体会

本文通过实例,用静力触探资料进行了单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的估算,并把估算结果和传统的经验参数法估算结果进行了对比,同时,又用单桩静力载荷试验资料进行了验证,从而说明该方法在不断积累经验后,在本地区是可以推广应用的。     

用人工神经网络估算岩质边坡的安全系数

基于工程事例, 介绍了一组初步试验工作, 探讨人工神经网络(ANN)方法用于岩质边坡稳定性安全系数估算的可能性。文中给出三次试验及试验结果, 试验结果表明用人工神经网络估算岩质边坡安全系数不仅是可行的, 而且是一种实时、准确且准备工作简单的估算方法。     

兰州盆地石膏g=2.004峰平均寿命的估算

用热活化技术 ,对兰州盆地庄浪河剖面野狐城组地层中石膏样品的g=2.004峰ESR信号进行了平均寿命的估算。实验结果表明 ,一级动力学方程可能不适于g=2.004峰ESR信号平均寿命的估算。研究中采用几种方法估算了g=2.004峰ESR信号平均寿命 ,并进行了比较。用双二级动力学双活化能模式估算石膏g=2.004峰ESR信号在20℃时平均寿命为2.22×108a。     

蒙特卡洛法在油气储量估算中的应用

详细论述了蒙特卡洛法的数学原理及其在油气储量估算中的具体使用方法，并通过应用实例说明在油气田的不同勘探开发阶段，根据拥有资料的多少选用适当的数学模型，利用蒙特卡洛法都可以估算出一个具有一定可信度的比较合理的油气储量数值。当一个区块勘探程度较高，拥有资料较多时，用蒙特卡洛法估算的储量与用容积法估算的储量比较接近。     

火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法及其意义

本文对前人使用的火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法进行了评述,并介绍了如何利用岩石学方法估算火山喷发不同阶段岩浆脱气率和脱气量的具体步骤,同时以镜泊湖地区全新世火山为例说明利用该方法估算的具体过程。估算结果表明不同气体在火山喷发过程中的脱气率是不同的,不能用包裹体中挥发分相对含量的高低来判断火山喷发所释放到大气圈中的气体类型和质量。该方法对火山学的研究具有重要意义。     

MICROMINE IDW方法在福安堡钼矿储量估算中的应用

床位于舒兰市开原镇薛家村福安堡屯西火石顶子附近。矿区位于舒兰市91°方向26 km。该矿床属斑岩型钼矿床,矿石类型主要为蚀变似斑状二长花岗岩型,主要矿物为辉钼矿。资源储量估算是利用澳大利亚Micromine公司开发的MICROMINE 11.03来完成的,资源储量估算方法用IDW。文中详细地介绍了利用该软件进行储量估算的过程和方法。     

地下水资源开采的经济分析法研究

本文据地下水动力学原理,运用边际费用分析方法,深入分析、研究抽水费用与地下水水位降深、地下水资源开采量之间的关系,提出一种用建立联立方程的方法估算抽取地下水的费用,以期为开采地下水资源费用的正确估算提供指导。     

基于3DMine的断面法与距离幂次反比法对比

以坦桑尼亚纳钦圭阿大型晶质石墨矿南部矿体为研究对象,基于3DMine软件平台,通过垂直断面法、距离幂次反比法进行资源量估算,对比研究2种资源量估算方法在矿体的体积、品位、资源量方面的区别。结果表明：2种估算方法体积相对误差为6.30%,品位相对误差为1.45%,资源量结果相对误差为7.83%,资源量验算结果在误差范围之内;3DMine中的断面法计算过程自动、准确、高效,利用三维模型体积替代传统公式计算体积,计算结果更加精准;采用距离幂次反比法时,运用三维模型计算矿体体积,用全局验证和交叉验证对搜索椭球体参数的合理性进行验证,最终选择最优搜索椭球体参数,是进行资源量准确估算的关键。综上所述,用距离幂次反比法估算的资源量结果更加准确,计算过程高效、便捷,并可为后期矿山数字化建设提供基础,是今后矿山发展的趋势。     

资源量估算的边界分析与矿化体圈定

资源量估算总是在特定的估算域中进行,其边界条件对估值结果有着显著的影响。传统方法采取用工业指标来圈定矿体并进行资源量估算的硬边界条件,过于强调了矿床的经济性,而对矿床的地质和地质统计学规律重视不够。本文介绍了国际上流行的资源量估算域的相关概念及边界分析方法,并通过实际案例来探讨其在资源量估算中的应用,在此基础上提出了利用三维软件进行矿(化)体圈定的基本原则。实践表明,利用软边界约束或圈定矿化体进行品位估计,可能更符合勘查阶段资源量估算的要求,进而降低估算域边界的不确定性带来的估值风险。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861