A Field Terminal for Collection and Analysis of Geological and Hydrogeological Data

Having immediate, automated field access to data gathered during geological and hydrogeological investigations can be crucial to definition of the scope and direction of test procedures, as well as to the interpretability of results. A portable, briefcase-sized data collection and analysis instrument has therefore recently been developed. It is capable of operating as a standalone or operator-guided field unit. This terminal is pre-programmed for a number of standard applications, several of which involve BAT® tools, e.g., permeability tests made using the BAT Ground Water Monitoring System. It can, however, be used with a wide range of other tools for controlling data collection during pumping, penetration and pressometer tests, etc.
An operator's terminal and independent data collection microcontroller are the major components of this system. Data may be collected from any combination of four ports: an internal, programmable interval timer, a pulser (shaft encoder), and two 14-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) inputs. The latter are primarily used for pressure or resistance transducers. Reading of data may be triggered automatically by the timer and/or pulser, or be performed upon operator command. Many thousands of data points may be stored in the microcontroller, representing one or several tests of any type, intermixed. Via the operator's terminal, any subset of this stored data may be examined, erased, modified or analyzed. A 26-character LCD display and a four-color printer/plotter are used to record data and results of analyses. Data may also be transferred to an external computer for more extensive manipulation.
Three examples of how this terminal may be used in the field in connection with site investigations are presented in this paper. They involve (a) measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity, (b) determination of soil stratigraphy using pore pressure sounding, and (c) water network profiling.     

地电场观测中的干扰分析

介绍和分析了昌黎台地电场观测中常出现的一些干扰和典型变化形态以及分析排查过程,认为主要存在5种干扰变化:(1)雷电、降雨影响;(2)线路接触不良;(3)直流干扰;(4)电极极化;(5)观测系统(主机)故障.各种干扰源不同其变化形态也不同,可以从变化形态和变幅方面进行判断.     

垂直地电场观测新技术的数据研究——基于坪城观测点的分析

结合同台观测的水平地电场数据,研究坪城垂直地电场观测数据,结果表明:(1)采用固体不极化电极进行垂直地电场观测,同一极距的观测结果基本一致,而铅板电极与固体不极化电极之间存在较大的电位差;(2)垂直地电场日变化形态清晰,长极距测道(A1C1、A2C1和A3C1测道)日变幅为5.85 mV/km左右,短极距(B1C1、B2C1和B3C1测道)日变幅为10.02 mV/km左右;(3)垂直向观测的地电场日变化优势周期在12 h和24 h。     

加筋土边坡临界滑动场

在分析加筋土边坡稳定性时,将加筋材料的作用视为施加于滑面上的等效力,建立了满足力平衡的加筋土边坡安全系数的计算格式;将边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法进行推广,提出了基于力平衡的加筋土边坡临界滑动场计算方法,可以得到形状任意的临界滑动面及边坡最小安全系数。通过算例,比较加筋前后临界滑动面和安全系数的变化,并探讨了加筋水平间距、强度、长度对加筋土边坡稳定性的影响。     

嘉峪关地电场观测资料分析

研究了大地电场变化的基本要素,对嘉峪关地电场观测资料的质量进行了评价和分析,得到:嘉峪关台地电场观测基本反映了地电场的真实变化,特别对大地电场变化的记录准确.并研究了嘉峪关台附近及周围发生的4次中强地震前地电场、大地电场短临前兆现象,认为震前都显示了一定的短临异常.     

盾构隧道横断面地震响应分析

随着盾构法在隧道施工中越来越广泛的应用,盾构隧道横断面抗震性能的研究日益受到业界关注。以武汉长江隧道为例,对土体采用D-P本构模型,盾构隧道结构采用梁-弹簧模型,建立盾构隧道横断面二维模型进行动力有限元计算,该模型顶部采用自由边界,侧面采用自由场边界,底部采用静态边界。选用0.1g的天津波和场地人工波作为激励,研究了盾构隧道结构的加速度、变形和内力响应。结果表明：盾构隧道的拱顶与拱底的加速度响应大于隧道左侧、右侧;隧道拱底的绝对位移响应最大;地震作用对隧道衬砌结构的内力增量较为明显。目前的隧道结构设计可以满足结构抗震性能要求。     

通过对调查数据的趋势和多变量分析确定宏观场

通过多变(相关分析)和趋势分析等统计方法对宏观调查数据进行了解释.这种方法使我们通过评定不同宏观效应叠加的程度、估计调查数据的不确定性更客观地评定烈度.通过滤波确定烈度场的区域分量,使我们消除观测中的局部变化.给出了选取适当滤波参数的准则.本文应用这一方法对发生在意大利的一次地震的调查数据进行了处理.     

A Stochastic Inversion Method for Potential Field Data: Ant Colony Optimization

Simulating natural ants’ foraging behavior, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm performs excellently in combinational optimization problems, for example the traveling salesman problem and the quadratic assignment problem. However, the ACO is seldom used to inverted for gravitational and magnetic data. On the basis of the continuous and multi-dimensional objective function for potential field data optimization inversion, we present the node partition strategy ACO (NP-ACO) algorithm for inversion of model variables of fixed shape and recovery of physical property distributions of complicated shape models. We divide the continuous variables into discrete nodes and ants directionally tour the nodes by use of transition probabilities. We update the pheromone trails by use of Gaussian mapping between the objective function value and the quantity of pheromone. It can analyze the search results in real time and promote the rate of convergence and precision of inversion. Traditional mapping, including the ant-cycle system, weaken the differences between ant individuals and lead to premature convergence. We tested our method by use of synthetic data and real data from scenarios involving gravity and magnetic anomalies. The inverted model variables and recovered physical property distributions were in good agreement with the true values. The ACO algorithm for binary representation imaging and full imaging can recover sharper physical property distributions than traditional linear inversion methods. The ACO has good optimization capability and some excellent characteristics, for example robustness, parallel implementation, and portability, compared with other stochastic metaheuristics.     

云南弥渡地震台地电场观测数据分析评价

介绍了弥渡地震台地电场观测系统,对经过两次技术改造后的弥渡台2012年地电场观测数据进行了分析评价,结果表明:弥渡地电场观测数据能够反映出地电场时空变化特点,数据质量符合地电场观测的技术要求,数据可以为地震前兆研究和地震监测预报实践提供相应信息。     

DEMETER卫星磁场波形数据分析方法初探

为充分利用法国DEMETER地震电磁卫星中心提供的磁场波形数据对地震事件进行分析研究,详细介绍了峰度演化方法,并对峰度演化方法的有效性进行了检验.最后将峰度演化方法应用于汶川地震前后DEMETER卫星所记录到的实际数据.分析研究发现.所采用的方法能够较好的处理DEMETER卫星记录到的磁场波形数据:汶川地震发生之前较长...     

Ideas and Methods for Local Recovery of Tectonic Stresses from Fault-Slip Data: A Critical Review

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - In the research aimed at determining tectonic stresses from fault-slip data (the seismological data on the focal mechanisms of earthquakes, geological data...     

甘肃嘉峪关地震台大地电场观测数据干扰分析

文章对甘肃嘉峪关地震台2001年至2009年以来大地电场分钟值资料做了全面的分析和整理。对造成观测资料相关性低的电暴（磁暴）、人类活动、雷电、降水、观测系统本身变化（包括更换电极）、电阻率测量、公用接地网等干扰因素进行分析,并做出相关的解释。这将对分析和运用地电场资料进行地震预报有一定的意义。     

On Two-Dimensional Modeling Of Magnetotelluric Field Data

In this paper, some recent topics on the modeling of magnetotelluric data are introduced. The focus is on the handling of real field data for two-dimensional resistivity modeling. First, the removal of the effects of near surface heterogeneity is reviewed. It covers telluric distortions (phase mixing and static shift) and magnetic distortions using conventional Groom-Bailey type 3D/2D model (three-dimensional local anomaly underlain by regional two-dimensional structure). The extension of a 3D/2D distortion model for multi-site, multi-frequency is a new development. Magnetic distortion seems to be less significant for land observations, but significant for sea floor data, where the regional magnetic field is weak due to seawater. In special cases involving for example, distortion due to topography and bathymetry, explicit removal is possible. There are some schemes proposed for a 3D/3D model (three-dimensional local anomaly underlain by regional three-dimensional structure). Along with the removal of the distortion, it is important to recognize the dimensionality of the dataset prior to modeling. A property using strike estimates for each site is an indicator for dimensionality which is unaffected by local distortion. Mapping the local strike or a rose diagram is an effective visualization of the dimensionality.Two-dimensional inversion is becoming routine. For the fast calculation of derivatives, approximate calculation, reciprocity or conjugate gradient methods are used. In order to incorporate a priori information and to overcome the intrinsic ill-posed nature of the inversion problem, imposing constraints on the model structure is important. A proper tradeoff between the data fit and constraints should be optimized to obtain minimum structures that are required by the field data. However, the choice of constraints is rather subjective and depends on the geological situations. For field data, two-dimensional inversion has limits on modes, area, and period range. Special care must be taken for the structure outside the profile. Two-dimensional inversion incorporating anisotropy is interesting and becoming popular, but the structure may not be unique. Future development in three-dimensional inversion for real datasets should take the above points into consideration.     

横向地震波冲击下建筑结构稳定性变化分析

高层EPS法分析横向地震波冲击下建筑结构稳定性变化时,未进行横向地震波随机过程数学模拟,获取的横向地震波与实测不符,提出一种新的横向地震波冲击下建筑结构稳定性变化分析方法,采用三角级数型非平稳随机过程模型函数,模拟横向地震波非平稳性特征,得到横向地震波模拟曲线,根据该曲线建立建筑结构稳定性动力运动方程,运用Hilber-Hughes-Taylor递推格式求解该方程的安全系数,安全系数越高建筑结构稳定性越强。为研究建筑结构在横向地震波反复荷载作用下的稳定性状态,运用弹塑性损伤模型模拟建筑结构核心筒墙体混凝土,得到用于分析建筑结构稳定性的最大、最小特征值。实验结果表明,所提方法能够分析建筑结构稳定性变化,横向地震波冲击前5 s对建筑结构稳定性影响最大。