岩溶地区桩基承载性能试验研究

结合岩溶地区两个工程实例的静载荷试验和应力测试结果,对桩的荷载传递特性进行了对比分析,桩端岩溶对桩承载特性的影响,不仅表现为对桩端阻力的影响,对桩侧摩阻力也会产生影响。应用有限元方法分析了桩端岩土对桩承载力的影响。计算结果表明,桩端岩土的变形模量对承载力影响很大;随着变形模量增大,承载力将大幅提高。      

Elasto-viscoplastic finite element study of the effect of degradation on bearing capacity of footing on clay ground

The bearing capacity of footing has been studied by both conventional and numerical methods by many researchers. However, degradation of the microstructure of material, that is, a change in the microstructure of the soil, has not been adequately taken into account. Degradation of microstructure causes strain softening of materials and it leads to strain localization such as shear bands and slip bands. From an engineering point of view the strain localization is crucial because it is a precursor of failure. In the present study, finite element analyses of the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation on homogeneous and inhomogeneous saturated clay strata have been conducted using an elasto-viscoplastic soil constitutive model of microstructure change. A series of analyses of footing on clay deposit with different microstructure parameters have been carried out. Numerical results show that strain localization can be predicted during the loading of rigid footing on highly structured soil and strain localization affects the footing–soil interaction. The effects of footing roughness on the failure mechanism are also discussed in the study.     

Comparison of excavation-induced wall deflection using top-down and bottom-up construction methods in Taipei silty clay

This paper compares the excavation-induced wall deflection caused by the top-down method (TDM) and the bottom-up method (BUM). First, a total of 26 quality excavation case histories in Taipei silty clay were collected and analyzed. The field observations show that the maximum lateral wall deflection (δ_hm) induced by the TDM were 1.28 times as large as that induced by the BUM. Factors affecting wall deflection are investigated and four of them are selected for further numerical experimentation to investigate the discrepancy of δ_hm caused by the two methods. Analysis results showed that the average ratio of δ_hm induced by the TDM over that induced by the BUM is approximately equal to 1.1, excluding the effect of thermal shrinkage of concrete floor slabs. Both observed data and analysis results revealed that greater δ_hm is generally induced by the TDM despite its use of floor slabs with higher support stiffness.     

浅覆土大盾构对临近建筑物影响的有限元分析

采用浅覆土大盾构施工难免对临近已建建筑物造成不同程度的影响。本文使用有限元数值分析,计算外滩通道工程中,浅覆土大盾构施工产生的竖直沉降和水平位移,从而分析对临近已建建筑物的影响。     

Experimental and numerical study of soil-reinforcement effects on the low-strain stiffness and bearing capacity of shallow foundations

This paper presents results of meticulous laboratory testing and numerical simulations on the effect of reinforcement on the low-strain stiffness and bearing capacity of shallow foundations on dry sand. The effect of the location and the number of reinforcement layers is studied in the laboratory, whereas numerical simulations are used to study the reinforcement-foundation interaction. Laboratory tests show an increase of 100, 200, and 275% not only in bearing capacity but also in low-strain stiffness (linear load–displacement behaviour) of a square foundation when one, two, and three layers of reinforcement are used, respectively. The specimen preparation technique is found to be crucial for the repeatability and reliability of the laboratory results (less than 5% variability). Numerical simulations demonstrate that if reinforcements are placed up to a depth of one footing width (B) below the foundation, better re-distribution of the load to deeper layers is achieved, thus reducing the stresses and strains underneath the foundation. Numerical simulations and experimental results clearly identify a critical zone between 0.3 and 0.5B, where maximum benefits not only on the bearing capacity but also on the low-strain stiffness of the foundation are obtained. Therefore, soil reinforcement can also be used to reduce low-strain vibrations of foundations.     

龙井水库大坝的渗流和稳定分析

本文以龙井水库大坝为例,运用有限单元法对粘土心墙坝的渗流进行分析计算,同时运用瑞典圆弧滑动法和简化Bishop法对粘土心墙坝的坝体稳定进行分析计算,在此基础上对水库大坝进行了渗流安全评价和稳定性安全评价。     

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of the keying of vertically installed plate anchors in clay

Plate anchors, such as suction embedded plate anchors and vertically driven plate anchors, offer economically attractive anchoring solutions for deep/ultra-deep water offshore developments. The rotation/keying processes of plate anchors will cause embedment losses, which lead to decreases of the uplift resistances of the anchors in normally consolidated soil. In the present paper, the keying processes of vertically installed strip and square plate anchors are simulated using the 3-D large deformation finite element method. The effects of loading eccentricity and pullout angle on the embedment loss during keying are investigated. Both the development of the uplift resistance and the soil flow mechanisms are presented. The numerical results show that the loading eccentricity e/B has a much larger effect on the embedment loss than the pullout angle does. The anchor shape has a minimal effect on the loss in anchor embedment. The shape factors (square/strip) are 1.05–1.09 for loss of embedment and 1.10–1.19 for capacity.     

Estimation of bearing capacity for multiple footings in sand

In the present study, the effects of multiple-footing configurations in sand on bearing capacity were investigated using field plate load tests and finite element analyses. Both strip and spread footings were considered in the finite element analyses. In each case, different footing distances were applied for the purposes of comparison among all of the results. From these results, it was observed that the load responses of multiple footings are similar to those of the single footing at distances greater than three times the footing width. Design equation and correlation parameters, necessary for quantifying the values of the bearing capacity ratio for the different multiple-footing configuration, were derived. Experimental test results from the literature were selected and used in verifying the proposed method.     

湛江市灰色粘性土主要物理指标与承载力的相关性探讨

湛江市地处海滨地带,滨海沉积的粘性土较发育。粘性土是该地区工程建设地基的主要基础持力层。对粘性土物理指标变化与压缩模量的相关性探讨,找出土的物理性质与土的力学强度的关系,从各种关系中总结出各因数的相关性,对工程建设持力层的选择有着重要的实际应用意义。     

Bearing capacity of strip and circular footings in sand using finite elements

Design of shallow foundations relies on bearing capacity values calculated using procedures that are based in part on solutions obtained using the method of characteristics, which assumes a soil following an associated flow rule. In this paper, we use the finite element method to determine the vertical bearing capacity of strip and circular footings resting on a sand layer. Analyses were performed using an elastic–perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model. To investigate the effect of dilatancy angle on the footing bearing capacity, two series of analyses were performed, one using an associated flow rule and one using a non-associated flow rule. The study focuses on the values of the bearing capacity factors N_q and N_γ and of the shape factors s_q and s_γ for circular footings. Relationships for these factors that are valid for realistic pairs of friction angle and dilatancy angle values are also proposed.