湛江港海域叶绿素a浓度的高光谱遥感反演

基于表观光学法研究冬季湛江港海域高光谱遥感叶绿素a浓度的反演模型构建,结果表明,该海域单波段遥感反射率与叶绿素a浓度相关性低,波段比值和遥感反射率的一阶微分法可提高叶绿素a浓度反演精度。665nm处的遥感反射率一阶微分值与叶绿素a浓度相关性良好,相关系数可达0.84。一阶微分相关系数大于0.8的波段大部分处于叶绿素a红光强烈吸收区域,对于富营养化的湛江港海域采用一阶微分方法构建叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演模型具有合理性。     

湖泊水体叶绿素a含量估算的波段宽度变化影响分析——以太湖为例

为研究不同波段宽度遥感数据对监测水体叶绿素a含量的影响,以太湖水体实测高光谱遥感反射率数据为基础,分析计算不同波段宽度下遥感反射率的归一化值与叶绿素a浓度之间的相关系数。随着波段宽度在75.93nm范围内不断递增,最大相关系数逐渐减小,最大正相关波段向长波方向移动,最大负相关波段向短波方向移动。而波段宽度在31.6nm范围内变化时,最大正相关波段和最大负相关波段都会保持相对稳定。通过对不同波段处相关系数平均值和标准差的对比分析认为,718.77^~34.58nm为叶绿素a遥感监测的最佳波段范围。这将对遥感传感器的波段设置,以及实际水体叶绿素a遥感监测时的波段选择,具有重要的参考价值。     

太湖浮游藻类的后向散射分离及其叶绿素a浓度反演

浮游藻类的后向散射是水体光谱构成的重要组成部分,作为水体辐射传输模型中的重要参数,高精度的藻类后向散射系数对水体叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演精度至关重要。本文以简化的辐射传输模型-生物光学模型为基础,尝试性分离了太湖浮游藻类的后向散射系数。通过藻类后向散射规律分析,建立了浮游藻类吸收、后向散射特征的叶绿素a反演模型,改善了叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演精度。分析表明：藻类颗粒物的后向散射系数与吸收系数之间存在反比关系,且在560 nm、700 nm附近存在明显的散射峰,与叶绿素a浓度之间相关性显著;低密度藻类水体总悬浮颗粒的后向散射以非色素颗粒为主导,适合采用经典的指数模型模拟后向散射系数,而藻类密度较高的富营养化水体,水体总悬浮颗粒的后向散射以藻类颗粒为主导,传统的指数模型已不适用;采用分离藻类后向散射系数的方法,使得叶绿素a浓度的反演值与真实值相关系数从0.66提高到0.98,相对误差从55%降低到38%,均方根误差(RMSE)也由60.95 μg/L降低至13.98 μg/L。其真实性检验表明,与经典指数模型方法相比,利用藻类颗粒后向散射分离方法反演叶绿素a浓度,能够显著改善反演精度。     

一种湿地河流叶绿素a遥感反演方法

叶绿素a作为一项重要的水质安全评价指标,其浓度的准确监测对水产行业发展、水生态系统平衡和人类饮水安全等有着重要意义。随着对地观测卫星传感器空间和光谱分辨率的提高,遥感技术在河流水质时空变化监测中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文以新疆巴音布鲁克湿地河流水体为研究对象,同步采集了水体反射光谱和水样,并在实验室对叶绿素a、浊度等水质参数进行测定。首先,基于光谱波段对叶绿素a浓度的敏感性分析,构建了多种光谱指数模型;然后,提出以4.50 mg/m³作为水体叶绿素a浓度分级阈值,利用三波段半分析模型因子D3B与叶绿素a的线性关系建立水体叶绿素a浓度分级标准,进而对比评估了11种经验、半分析模型分别在全部样本数据集和两级叶绿素a浓度数据集中的精度表现;其次,根据各模型精度结果选用三波段半分析模型D3B和蓝绿波段比模型OC₂V4,组成叶绿素a分级反演算法OC₂-D3B,其精度（R²=0.96,RMSE=0.32 mg/m³,MAE=0.24 mg/m³,MRE=5.71%）相比以上2种单一算法提高了50%以上;最后,本文利用Sentinel-2影像,对湿地河流水体叶绿素a浓度的空间分布特征和季节时序模式进行了分析,得到该水域夏季叶绿素a含量最高,春秋季次之,冬季最低的结论。此外,本研究还发现气温相比其他环境因子对水体Chl-a浓度的控制作用更加明显。     

富营养化的太湖水体叶绿素a浓度模型反演

半经验模型反演叶绿素a浓度是目前遥感反演水体叶绿素a浓度的主要方法。但是,大量研究结果表明,太湖水体浑浊,富营养化严重,各种半经验模型的反演精度和模型适用性有较大差异。因此,研究一种既满足一定精度要求,又具有时间普适性的叶绿素a浓度反演算法,对提高模型适用性,促进遥感的反演应用具有重要意义。本研究通过2005年6-10月地面实测数据,建立太湖叶绿素a浓度一阶微分反演模型、波段比值反演模型和三波段反演模型,对比各模型反演效果,认为波段比值模型与三波段模型具有较好的反演效果。运用2006年11月和2007年11月实测数据对这三种模型加以检验,结果表明,三波段模型反演高富营养化的太湖水体,不仅精度高,平均误差仅为实测浓度差的8.3%,而且适用性较强,不同年份数据的检验结果证明平均误差均低于实测浓度差的20%。因此,三波段模型是这三种反演模型中效果最好的一类模型。     

基于Sentinel-2和ZH-1遥感影像的松北区水质监测

水是维持城市生态环境平衡的重要因素,遥感监测手段已经成为评价城市水环境的重要手段.基于2020年4月珠海一号影像和2020年7月哨兵二号影像,建立水质参数反演模型,对哈尔滨市松北区水体的叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度、透明度和综合营养化指数进行季度监测.研究结果表明:松北区银水湾为污染水体,叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和综合营养...     

内陆水体叶绿素a浓度遥感监测方法研究进展

叶绿素a是反映水体富营养化的一个重要参数,通过遥感方法监测水体叶绿素a浓度是实现内陆水体富营养化动态监测的一个重要途径,但内陆平原水网区地表水体的水体光学特性复杂,遥感反演模型建立困难。文章通过整理、分析国内外前人研究内陆平原水网区地表水体叶绿素a卫星遥感监测的数据源和方法,总结了当前在内陆平原水网区地表水体中精度较高的叶绿素a卫星遥感监测方法,分析了各方法的优缺点以及研究过程中的一些挑战、难点,并提出对未来的展望。     

珠江磨刀门河口枯季叶绿素a环境因子驱动分析

【目的】分析珠江磨刀门河口浮游植物叶绿素a及其驱动因子的潮周期变化,并揭示叶绿素a的环境影响机制。【方法】基于珠江磨刀门河口2017年枯季(1月13-20日)水文水质多要素同步观测数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)和结构方程模型(SEM)确定浮游植物叶绿素a与多个环境因子的关系并量化各因子的驱动作用。【结果】磨刀门水道浮游植物叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.77～10.92μg/L,口门处变化为0.70～9.01μg/L,磨刀门河口动力驱动下浮游植物叶绿素a的潮周期差异显著。盐度、含沙量和氮磷营养盐亦随潮汐涨落差异显著,而水温无明显潮周期变化。【结论】外海水团对氮营养盐的稀释混合作用强于磷营养盐,而悬浮泥沙对磷营养盐的吸附作用强于氮营养盐。与氮营养盐相比,溶解态磷相对不足,限制磨刀门河口浮游植物的生长。径流(营养盐、悬沙等为代表)、潮流(盐度为代表)对河口浮游植物的影响机制不同,其中氮磷营养盐和水温起着直接作用,而悬沙和盐度间接影响浮游植物叶绿素a的变化。     

高分六号影像在内陆水体叶绿素a反演中的应用潜力分析

GF-6 WFV影像具有宽覆盖、高时空分辨率、高光谱分辨率等特点,目前在农业和林业遥感领域都有一定应用,但是在水质遥感中的应用潜力还缺乏系统的评估。本文以潘家口和大黑汀水库为研究区,采用2019年9月24—25日获取的潘家口和大黑汀水库叶绿素a浓度、实测遥感反射率和准同步GF-6 WFV影像,构建了潘家口和大黑汀水库叶绿素a浓度经验反演模型,探索GF-6 WFV在内陆水体叶绿素a浓度遥感监测中的应用潜力。研究结果表明,基于GF-6 WFV模拟光谱构建的潘家口和大黑汀水库叶绿素a浓度经验模型决定系数均在0.90以上,GF-6 WFV影像在水体叶绿素a遥感监测中具有应用潜力,尤其是新增的黄波段和红边波段1,有助于提高GF-6 WFV影像叶绿素a浓度遥感监测能力;GF-6 WFV影像大气校正误差降低了叶绿素a浓度遥感监测精度,GF-6 WFV影像水体大气校正精度有待改进,以提升GF-6 WFV影像水质遥感监测能力。     

基于多要素评价指标的鄱阳湖水体富营养化研究

基于Landsat卫星OLI影像对2018年5月鄱阳湖的叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度、有色可溶性有机物浓度进行了湖区水体水质参数反演,根据水质参数反演得到鄱阳湖各评价指标要素浓度归一化分布图。结果表明:叶绿素a、悬浮物以及有色可溶性有机物主要集中在水流速度较为缓慢的东部湖区以及南部湖区,干流水体动力较大,含量较低。悬浮物浓度在其他湖区也存在浓度较高显现,与采砂活动或湖区浅滩反射有关,整个湖区中鄱阳湖东部以及南部水质较差。综合叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度、有色可溶性有机物浓度空间变化规律以及湖区周围污染源进行水质污染空间分布的探讨,同时也为鄱阳湖水质监测提供丰富案例,为水体污染和防治提供依据。     

南方红壤侵蚀区长汀县不同生态恢复年限下芒萁叶绿素含量的高光谱估算模型

芒萁是南方红壤侵蚀区生态恢复重要的地带性草本植物,对生态系统修复具有重要作用,监测其叶绿素含量能有效诊断生长健康状况。本文以福建省长汀县朱溪流域6个不同生态恢复年限下的芒萁叶片高光谱反射数据以及实测叶绿素含量为数据源,借助高光谱遥感技术分析不同恢复年限芒萁叶片原始光谱特征,筛选出光谱敏感波段并构建光谱指数,基于相关性分析,建立芒萁叶绿素单变量以及多元逐步回归模型,并确定最佳估算模型。结果表明：高光谱指数建立的单变量估算模型中,改进红边归一化植被指数（mNDVI₇₀₅）、叶面叶绿素指数（LCI）、红边指数（Vog）、比值光谱指数（RVI_603/407）、NDVI[603,407]高光谱指数建立的二次模型精度高,建模决定系数R²均超过了0.8,其中以高光谱指数为自变量建立的多元回归模型拟合R²值（0.886）最高。综合建模精度和模型验证精度,LCI指数构建的单变量模型以及基于高光谱指数的多元回归模型是估算芒萁叶片叶绿素含量最佳模型。本研究建立的叶绿素高光谱估算模型对快速、无损地监测水保植物芒萁生长具有重要意义。     

铅污染水稻的冠层高光谱特征研究

本研究通过铅污染土壤中的水稻盆钵栽培试验,考察了水稻对土壤重金属铅的吸收以及铅对水稻生长的胁迫,并借助地面高光谱辐射仪器获取多个生育期（苗期、分蘖前期、分蘖盛期、拔节期和孕穗期）的水稻冠层高光谱反射数据。在进行光谱测量的同时测定了水稻植株体内的铅含量与冠层叶片叶绿素含量。分析结果表明:铅污染胁迫下水稻冠层叶片叶绿素含量与叶绿素a、b组成变化明显,可见光区间520nm～560nm和630nm～690nm处是铅污染水稻对冠层反射高光谱敏感的特征波段。通过模拟高光谱分辨率遥感传感器MODIS的相应波段（第4通道:545nm～564nm、第1通道附近:620nm～670nm）以及考虑叶绿素的荧光特征（760nm）,本研究分别选择敏感波段中的552nm,672nm与760nm构造了复合归一化污染指数CNDPI（Compos-ite Normalized Difference Pollution Index）,分析发现CNDPI能够明显地区分不同铅污染水平的水稻。在分蘖前期采用适当的冠层光谱反射率形式（敏感波段、CNDPI）可以实现水稻铅污染的遥感监测。     

Accurate quantification of astaxanthin from Haematococcus crude extract spectrophotometrically

The influence of alkali on astaxanthin and the optimal working wave length for measurement of astaxanthin from Haematococcus crude extract were investigated, and a spectrophotometric method for precise quantification of the astaxanthin based on the method of Boussiba et al. was established. According to Boussiba's method, alkali treatment destroys chlorophyll. However, we found that: 1) carotenoid content declined for about 25% in Haematococcus fresh cysts and up to 30% in dry powder of Haematococcus broken cysts after alkali treatment; and 2) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-extracted chlorophyll of green Haematococcus bares little absorption at 520-550 nm. Interestingly, a good linear relationship existed between absorbance at 530 nm and astaxanthin content, while an unknown interference at 540-550 nm was detected in our study. Therefore, with 530 nm as working wavelength, the alkali treatment to destroy chlorophyll was not necessary and the influence of chlorophyll, other carotenoids, and the unknown interference could be avoided. The astaxanthin contents of two samples were measured at 492 nm and 530 nm; the measured values at 530 nm were 2.617 g/100 g and 1.811 g/100 g. When compared with the measured values at 492 nm, the measured values at 530 nm decreased by 6.93% and 11.96%, respectively. The measured values at 530 nm are closer to the true astaxanthin contents in the samples. The data show that 530 nm is the most suitable wave length for spectrophotometric determination to the astaxanthin in Haematococcus crude extract.     

Seasonal-to-interannual variability of chlorophyll in central western South China Sea extracted from SeaWiFS

Using 10-year (January 1998–October 2007) dataset of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), we extracted the dominant spatial patterns and temporal variations of the chlorophyll distribution in the central western South China Sea (SCS) through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The results show that the first EOF mode is characterized by a high chlorophyll concentration zone along the Vietnam coast. We found two peaks in summer (July–August) and in winter (December), respectively, in no...     

The distribution and variability of simulated chlorophyll concentration over the tropical Indian Ocean from five CMIP5 models

Performances of 5 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in simulating the chlorophyll concentration over the tropical Indian Ocean are evaluated. Results show that these models are able to capture the dominant spatial distribution of observed chlorophyll concentration and reproduce the maximum chlorophyll concentration over the western part of the Arabian Sea, around the tip of the Indian subcontinent, and in the southeast tropical Indian Ocean. The seasonal evolution of chlorophyll concentration over these regions is also reproduced with significant amplitude diversity among models. All of 5 models is able to simulate the interannual variability of chlorophyll concentration. The maximum interannual variation occurs at the same regions where the maximum climatological chlorophyll concentration is located. Further analysis also reveals that the Indian Ocean Dipole events have great impact on chlorophyll concentration in the tropical Indian Ocean. In the general successful simulation of chlorophyll concentration, most of the CMIP5 models present higher than normal chlorophyll concentration in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.     

Primary productivity and chlorophyll a in Prydz Bay and its mouth in Antarctica during the austral summer of 1999/2000

The investigation of phytoplankton standing stock, euphotic layer and photosynthesis rate were carried out in 19 - 27 of January, 2000 at three longitudinal sections (70°30＇E, 73°00＇E and 75°30＇E). The results showed that the high value of chlorophyll a concentration was in inshore bay, polynya and the continental slope of the investigated sea area. At various investigated stations, average chlorophyll a concentration at sub-surface layer (25 m) was higher than that at surface layer; its concentration at the deeper layers of over 50 m decreased with increasing depth. At anchor station, the maximum chlorophyll az concentration appeared at surface layer in Antarctic summer's afternoon while the minimum value appeared in the morning; chlorophyll a concentration at water layer of 0 - 25 m was obviously higher than that at deep water layer, being related to the releasing of ice-algae. High productivity was in inshore bay and polynya of continental shelf. Chlorophyll a concentration at surface layer is closely correlated to the dissolved oxygen concentration in seawater. The sea ares with chlorophyll a concentration of over 1.0ag/dms may be the convergence of CO2 and that of below 1.0 μg/dms may be the source of CO2.     

最小二乘法的改进算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪定标多项式

提出了采用最小二乘法的改进算法拟和一元非线性函数,并用该算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪的定标多项式,数值计算结果表明:采用改进的算法,非常显著地降低了求解定标多项式系数方程组的系数矩阵的条件数,定标多项式能更精确地反映谱平面坐标和谱线波长的定量关系。     

Study on the Correlation Between Chlorophyll Maximum and Remote Sensing Data

Based on the in situ optical measurements in the Bohai Sea of China, which belongs to a typical case-2 water area, we studied the characteristics of DCM （deep chlorophyll maximum） such as its spatial distribution, vertical profile, etc. We found that when the depth of the chlorophyll maximum is comparatively small, even in turbid coastal water regions, there is always a good correlation between the concentrations of chlorophyll maximum and the satellite-received signals in blue-green spectral bands; the correlation is even better than that between the surface chlorophyll concentrations and the satellite-received signals. The strong correlation existing even in turbid coastal water regions indicates that an ocean color model to retrieve the concentration of DCM can be constructed for coastal waters if a comprehensive knowledge of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration in the Bohai Sea of China is available.     

Gaussian decomposition and component pigment spectral analysis of phytoplankton absorption spectra

The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be affected considerably by pigment composition and concentration.We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton,in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra.The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups(chlorophylls a,b,and c,photo-synthetic carotenoids(PSC),and photo-protective carotenoids(PPC)).The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are0.001 m~(-1),and R~2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations(except for chlorophyll b)was0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise.In addition,we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a,c,PPC,and PSC.We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coefficient of pigment composition.The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations.The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Chla,and the median relative error was small.The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.     

5种波长光对日本沼虾人工育苗幼体成活率的影响

光照与日本沼虾繁殖和孵化关系极为密切。研究了不同波长的光对日本沼虾孵化的影响 ,结果表明 :在环境光谱主峰值 4 70 .5nm、4 77.9nm、4 92 .6nm、5 0 4 .8nm和 6 15 .2nm条件下 ,适度成熟的亲虾都能顺利孵化 ,日本沼虾孵化与否 ,与孵化环境中的光波波长无关 ,而与抱卵日本沼虾胚胎发育有关。日本沼虾在孵化期对不同波长的光谱有明显的视觉敏感度分布 ,在前 4种光谱条件下 ,日本沼虾视觉器官敏感 ,而在光谱主峰值 6 15 .2nm时日本沼虾视觉器官不敏感。这一特点在日本沼虾育苗生产上具指导意义 ,可防止抱卵亲虾在孵化过程中吞食幼体 ,提高幼体成活率