Rare earth element distributions in a proto-stratiform ultramafic intrusion

Rare earth element (REE) abundances are reported for ten whole rock and eight mineral samples from the Preacher Creek ultramafic intrusion of southeastern Wyoming. Chondrite-normalized distribution patterns for the whole rocks exhibit a broad maximum between Sm and Gd and reflect the REE pattern of clinopyroxene, the major REE-bearing phase. Alteration of the primary mineral assemblages to actinolite and chlorite, which is generally minor, does not appear to have significantly affected the REE distributions. Absolute abundances of the REE in the rocks and constituent minerals increase as a function of differentiation, and relative abundances suggest an accompanying light REE enrichment. Trapped-liquid phases, which may be relatively enriched in REE, possibly account for some or all of the observed REE trends. The REE data, interpreted in terms of crystal-melt fractionation, suggest derivation of the intrusion by crystallization from a gabbroic magma having a REE distribution pattern similar to the parent magma of the Skaergaard stratiform complex. The results of this study are in accord with and complement a previous proposal that the Preacher Creek body formed in a manner analogous to major stratiform intrusions.     

新疆北山地区罗东镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体岩石成因

罗东镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体位于塔里木板块东北部的新疆北山地区,岩体平面形态为眼球状,出露面积约2.1 km2.由纯橄岩、单辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、方辉辉石岩、橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩、苏长辉长岩和淡色辉长岩组成,堆晶结构和堆晶韵律发育,属于层状岩体.岩浆演化过程中主要分离结晶/堆晶相是橄榄石和单斜辉石,此...     

Petrology of the Treknattan intrusion in the Fongen-Hyllingen complex, Trondheim region, Norway: a late intrusion into an evolved layered complex

The basic-ultrabasic Treknattan intrusion is an important example of a late intrusion in a solidified, evolved, layered complex and sheds light on possible mechanisms by which such associations may develop. The Treknattan intrusion, emplaced into the basic Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion shortly after the latter had solidified, consists mainly of massive or weakly layered peridotite (olivine ± Cr-spinel cumulate) and troctolite (plagioclase + olivine ± Cr-spinel cumulate). The mineral compositional range partially overlaps the most primitive end of the much larger variation-interval in the Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion. The margin of the Treknattan intrusion is sometimes outlined by massive feldspathic websterite which appears to have formed by reaction between magma and melts of gabbroic country rock. The parental magma appears to have been a relatively water-rich picritic basalt with a possible genetic relationship to the magma parental to the enveloping Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion, both displaying tholeiitic relationship between olivine and Ca-poor pyroxene, and having crystallized from relatively water-rich magmas with an early crystallization order of olivine ± Cr-spinel-plagioclase-Ca-rich pyroxene. The recognition of the Treknattan intrusion as a separate body suggests that the bulk composition of the Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion is dioritic rather than gabbroic as previously thought.     

东天山图拉尔根大型铜镍硫化物矿床的斜长石主量成分特征：对矿床成因的指示

图拉尔根镍铜矿床产于康古尔塔格-黄山韧性剪切带NEE向的次级挤压破碎带上,位于黄山-镜儿泉岩浆铜镍成矿带的东段。矿田范围内有I、II、III号3个镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体,主要铜镍矿体就位于I号基性-超基性杂岩体内。该杂岩体主要包括辉长岩、角闪橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、角闪辉橄岩等岩相,其中角闪橄榄岩为主要的赋矿岩相。本文通过对矿物颗粒镜下形态、结构、构造的观察,对钻孔中赋矿岩相、不含矿岩相的斜长石进行系统的成分分析和对比,来进一步限定岩浆的演化及矿床成因。图拉尔根矿床中主要造岩矿物的结晶次序为:橄榄石-辉石(角闪石)-角闪石。仅见极少数斜长石颗粒包裹橄榄石,而与辉石和角闪石没有明显的包裹关系,可能是略晚于橄榄石结晶的另一单独结晶序列的矿物。赋矿的角闪橄榄岩中斜长石与硫化物含量呈负相关性。斜长石中SiO2和Al2O3含量相对集中,CaO、Na2O、K2O含量变化范围大。SiO2含量从深部到浅部,表现出含量从低到高变化的趋势,说明岩体中斜长石受同源岩浆结晶分异作用的控制。越靠近富硫化物的角闪橄榄岩,斜长石中CaO和Al2O3含量越高,SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Na2O、K2O等主量元素的含量变化范围较大。因此,斜长石的主量成分可以作为接近硫化物富矿体的指示。     

Mathiasite-loveringite and priderite in mantle xenoliths from the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province,Brazil: genesis and constraints on mantle metasomatism

Alkali-bearing Ti oxides were identified in mantle xenoliths enclosed in kimberlite-like rocks from Limeira 1 alkaline intrusion from the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province, southeastern Brazil. The metasomatic mineral assemblages include mathiasite-loveringite and priderite associated with clinopyroxene, phlogopite, ilmenite and rutile. Mathiasite-loveringite (55–60 wt.% TiO₂; 5.2–6.7 wt.% ZrO₂) occurs in peridotite xenoliths rimming chromite (～50 wt.% Cr₂O₃) and subordinate ilmenite (12–13.4 wt.% MgO) in double reaction rim coronas. Priderite (Ba/(K+Ba)< 0.05) occurs in phlogopite-rich xenoliths as lamellae within Mg-ilmenite (8.4–9.8 wt.% MgO) or as intergrowths in rutile crystals that may be included in sagenitic phlogopite. Mathiasite-loveringite was formed by reaction of peridotite primary minerals with alkaline melts. The priderite was formed by reaction of peridotite minerals with ultrapotassic melts. Disequilibrium textures and chemical zoning of associated minerals suggest that the metasomatic reactions responsible for the formation of the alkali-bearing Ti oxides took place shortly prior the entrainment of the xenoliths in the host magma, and is not connected to old (Proterozoic) mantle enrichment events.     

塔什库尔干新生代碱性杂岩造岩矿物化学成分及成因意义

新疆塔什库尔干碱性杂岩体主要由苦子干碱性正长岩体和卡日巴生碱性花岗岩体组成，是帕米尔地区最大的新生代碱性杂岩体。本文在岩相学和矿物化学的基础上，着重研究了苦子干岩体主要造岩矿物的种属、共生关系和结晶顺序。研究表明，苦子干岩体中的不同岩石类型系同源岩浆演化的产物；岩浆在整个演化过程中平衡结晶作用占主导，分离结晶作用的影响极小。据岩浆房中矿物结晶时的温度和压力条件、矿物的结晶特征及演化趋势，推测岩浆上升速度较快，侵位较浅。     

喜马拉雅东段库曲岩体锂、铍和铌钽稀有金属矿物研究及指示意义

稀有金属矿物记录了花岗伟晶岩成岩成矿的重要信息。喜马拉雅是全球著名的淡色花岗岩带,库曲岩体位于喜马拉雅东段的特提斯喜马拉雅岩系中。本文调查了库曲岩体的二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩、电气石花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩,其中,花岗伟晶岩涉及花岗岩的伟晶岩相和独立伟晶岩脉。库曲岩体产出的稀有金属矿物包括锂辉石、锂绿泥石、绿柱石、铌铁矿-钽铁矿、钇铀钽烧绿石和细晶石,它们主要赋存于似文象伟晶岩、石英-钠长石-白云母伟晶岩、块体长石-钠质细晶岩、块体长石-电气石钠质细晶岩、锂辉石-块体长石-细晶岩、白云母花岗岩的伟晶岩相以及电气石花岗岩内。显微镜观察、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS测试结果显示锂辉石具有四种产状,包括粗粒锂辉石自形-半自形晶、细粒锂辉石-石英镶嵌晶、中细粒锂辉石-钾长石-钠长石-云母镶嵌晶以及发育锂绿泥石的粗粒锂辉石,揭示了其形成时复杂的熔流体动荡结晶环境。绿柱石背散射电子图像（BSE）下呈均一结构和不均一结构（蚀变边、不规则分带和补丁分带）,元素替代机制包括通道-八面体替代、通道-四面体替代以及通道中碱金属阳离子间的置换。铌铁矿族矿物包括原生、蚀变边和不规则分带结构,部分被钇铀钽烧绿石和细晶石交代。与原生铌铁矿相比,蚀变边和不规则分带铌铁矿族矿物总体上富钽贫锰,显示了结晶分异、过冷却引起的过饱和以及流体作用。根据稀有金属矿物揭示的成因信息,独立伟晶岩脉（似文象伟晶岩）、白云母花岗岩的伟晶岩相和电气石花岗岩在岩浆分异程度、经历的演化过程、以及流体活动方面存在差异,很可能是不同期次岩浆活动的产物。库曲岩体绿柱石的Rb和Zn含量、以及铌铁矿族矿物的Sc₂O₃、SiO₂和PbO含量,与已有指示标志存在相关性,作为潜在指示标志仍需开展更多的研究工作。综合含锂辉石伟晶岩的产出、岩浆分异演化程度、多期花岗质岩浆活动、复杂的流体作用以及所属锂丰度高值区等因素,库曲岩体是喜马拉雅东段找锂的有利地段。     

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析

东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。     

东天山镁铁质_超镁铁质岩带岩石特征及铜镍成矿作用

东天山地区分布有众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体,岩体成群成带状分布,从北向南可划分为7个区带,受区域性韧性剪切带和断裂构造控制。从岩相学来看,本区含矿岩体可分为多期次侵入的复式杂岩体和单期次侵入的超镁铁质单式杂岩体,显示出深源岩浆充分分异的特征。含矿岩体具有高镁、低碱、低钙、低铝、低钛特征,具有较高的Mg#、m/f和m/s比值,兼具岩浆硫化物熔离作用与岩浆结晶分异作用。根据TiO2-10P2O5-10MnO图判别出本区岩浆具有拉斑玄武岩到钙碱玄武岩过渡的性质,岩浆源具有钙碱性玄武岩浆特征,富含含水矿物,预示了早期俯冲洋壳对幔源岩浆的交代作用。岩体矿化分为3种成矿作用和5期成矿步骤,且岩浆成矿作用与热液作用几乎同时进行,岩浆分异作用提供热液来源,而热液作用促进硫化物的饱和与熔离,造成岩石的热液蚀变结构并对岩浆期成矿进行改造。晚期岩体隆升后,矿体出露地表遭受氧化淋滤作用,形成特有的地表氧化带找矿标志。     

The Petrogenesis of the High-temperature Peridotite Intrusion in the Lizard Area, Cornwall

The Lizard peridotite produced a high-temperature metamorphicaureole during diapirie emplacement in a period of amphibolitefacies regional metamorphism. The peridotite preserves a coarse-grainedprimary core within a cataclastic, finely foliated and recrystallizedmarginal shell. Chemical analyses demonstrate the constancyof rock composition in the primary and recrystallized mineralassemblages. The primary mineral assemblage of the peridotiteconsists of olivine (Fo₈₉), aluminous enstatite, aluminous diopside,and green aluminous spinel. In contrast the mineral assemblageon recrystallization is olivine, enstatite (normal Al₂O₃ content),diopside (normal Al₂O₃ content), plagioclase, and brown chromite.A third assemblage of olivine, pargasite, and brown chromianspinel is developed locally from the plagioclase-bearing assemblage,particularly in contact areas. Major and trace element analyses of twenty minerals and eightrocks are given. These are compared in detail with peridotitesand minerals occurring as accumulates from basaltic magma, asperidotite nodules in basalts and as ’intrusive' peridotitesin orogenic areas. It is concluded that the primary mineralsof the Lizard peridotite have not crystallized and accumulatedfrom a basaltic magma but have crystallized in a similar environmentto that of peridotite nodules in basalts. It is further concludedthat the cause of the differences between the primary and recrystallizedassemblages of the peridotite is primarily a difference in loadpressure at crystallization. In particular the high aluminacontent of both enstatite and diopside and the coexistence ofpyroxenes+ aluminous spinel instead of olivine+anorthite areconsidered to be a direct consequence of the high load pressureat the initial crystallization of the peridotite.     

云南金宝山超镁铁岩原始岩浆成分反演

金宝山岩体赋存有我国最大的铂族元素矿床,位于云南省弥渡县,大地构造位置处于杨子地台西缘南端。岩体是呈似层状(岩席)产出的小型超镁铁岩,侵位于泥盆系金宝山组白云岩、泥灰岩、砂板岩中,由橄榄岩、辉橄岩及微辉岩、辉石岩异离体组成,没有完整的相带分异,缺乏分异堆积特征。但岩体铂族元素成矿以铂钯为特征(Pd/Ir>10),硫化物Ni/Cu比值低(0.5～5),岩石稀土元素富集,配分型式为轻稀土富集型,体现基性岩浆衍生产物的岩石地球化学特点。元素含量的组合变化反映出橄榄石对岩石成分的控制作用,成岩母体可视为橄榄石与熔体两部分组成的混合体系,分析表明岩浆经历了11％的橄榄石结晶和22％左右的斜长石结晶分异,大部分熔体相携带斜长石先期离开岩浆房或被压滤出去,残余熔体携带橄榄石结晶颗粒在构造挤压作用下向上运移侵位成岩。根据岩浆演化过程反演,计算得到金宝山超镁铁岩原始岩浆组成,表明为低钛拉斑玄武岩岩浆,MgO含量为12.93％,其形成可能与裂谷作用早期的地幔热柱作用有关,原始岩浆起源于未亏损地幔的部分熔融。     

峨眉山玄武岩和白马层状岩体的铬镍地球化学

文章讨论了峨眉山玄武岩及白马基性、超基性岩体的微量元素地球化学特征。对Cr、Ni富集的地球化学条件进行了探讨,认为在母岩浆分离结晶早期形成的堆积层,即结晶度很小的橄榄岩有利于寻找富Cr、Ni层位。     

新疆坡北基性-超基性岩带1号岩体地质特征及其含矿性研究

坡北1号岩体是幔源基性岩浆以深部分异多次侵入和结晶分异两种方式形成的基性-超基性复式岩体。该岩体属于橄榄辉长岩—橄榄单辉岩—单辉橄榄岩型,规模较大,分异良好,地表发现铜镍硫化物矿化带。与国内已知含矿岩体对比,1号岩体的类型、岩石化学特征、有用组分含量和地表矿化特征都在含铜镍硫化物矿体的变化范围之内。物探测量结果显示深部存在低阻高激化体。因此,1号岩体是坡北岩带中寻找铜镍硫化物矿床远景很好的岩体。     

Petrogenetic modelling of in situ fractional crystallization in the zoned Loch Doon pluton,Scotland

The late Caledonian Loch Doon granitic intrusion ranges in composition from hypersthene diorite at the margin, through quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite to cordierite microgranite at its core. Petrogenetic modelling of trace element variations and least squares analysis of major elements indicate that two distinct magmas are involved, each magma controlled by crystallization of plag-opx-cpx-bio. Late stage rocks related to the second magma include the cordierite microgranites and aplites, which are interpreted as the final residue which crystallized rapidly after a build up and loss of volatiles.Analyses of whole rocks and minerals for REE's and other elements of moderate-high ionic potential indicate that these elements are strongly controlled by minor phase crystallization; apatite, zircon, sphene and allanite are dominant at intermediate compositions but other accessory minerals such as monazite and xenotime may also become important at acid compositions.It is probable that within each magma the mechanisms of crystal settling and filter pressing operated, the former being initially dominant, and the latter becoming more important with increasing degree of fractional crystallization.     

龙游角闪橄榄岩的富流体相岩浆成因—矿物化学和微量元素地球化学制约

龙游角门橄榄岩山露于古老变质岩中．与围岩间的接触关系尚不清楚,但根据岩相学上矿物的平衡共生关系、岩石的矿物化学组成和角门橄榄岩及与之相关的花岗岩、金云母岩的微量元素地球化学特征．该橄榄岩很可能是富含流体组分的岩浆侵人而形成的,其形成的构造背景为具俯冲带性质的活动大陆边缘,富流体相的岩浆是由于其地幔源区受到了来自俯冲带的流体所交代的结果。     

新疆东天山黄山东岩体橄榄石成因意义探讨

黄山东岩体位于新疆东天山造山带中段,由四次岩浆侵入形成:第一次侵入形成了岩体上部的橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩和闪长岩,构成岩体的主体;第二次侵入形成辉长苏长岩,呈岩墙状分布于岩体西端和西北部;第三次侵入岩石为斜长二辉橄榄岩,位于岩体下部,为主要的赋矿岩石;第四次侵入岩石为底部角闪辉长岩。橄榄石为第三次侵入的斜长二辉橄榄岩和第一次侵入的橄榄辉长岩主要造岩矿物之一,橄榄石的镁橄榄石牌号(Fo)值介于68.5～82.5之间。其中含硫化物斜长二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石具有较高的Fo值(79.7～82.5);斜长二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为78.3～79.9;而基性程度较低的橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石具有较低的Fo值(68.5～72.2)。利用橄榄石矿物成分计算得出黄山东岩体母岩浆Mg#(Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+))为0.59,为原生玄武质岩浆经历结晶分异作用形成。模拟计算结果显示黄山东岩体不含矿岩石中橄榄石是母岩浆经过2%的橄榄石结晶分异且硫达到饱和后,在硫化物熔离的同时岩浆发生橄榄石结晶而形成,并且橄榄石︰硫化物≈50︰1,部分橄榄石成分投点在橄榄石结晶和硫化物熔离的模拟曲线右下侧,指示它们可能受到晶间硅酸盐熔浆作用的影响。含硫化物斜长二辉橄榄岩中Fo值与Ni含量呈负相关关系,说明橄榄石与硫化物熔体之间发生了Fe-Ni交换反应。     

新疆哈密图拉尔根全岩矿化岩浆铜-镍-钴矿床地质特征及找矿方向

东天山图拉尔根铜镍矿区受控于康古儿—黄山韧性剪切带北东段的区域性韧性剪切带之次级断裂构造,断裂构造对该矿床的控制作用极为明显。矿区范围内现已发现3个镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体,目前只对一号岩体进行了勘探评价,已探明控制储量达大型规模。文章基于对一号杂岩体的矿床地质特点及其化探和物探特征的总结,试图建立该大型铜镍矿床的找矿评价模式。一号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为4个岩相:角闪橄榄岩相、辉石橄榄岩相、角闪辉石岩相和辉长岩相,赋矿岩石主要为角闪橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩,矿床属于与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆有关的岩浆熔离贯入型Cu-Ni-Co矿床,具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿的特征。岩体m/f介于3.1～4.8之间,属于铁质超镁铁岩类,且具有低钛、低碱、低Al2O3特征,含矿岩相具有高硫特征(S>1%)。化探显示图拉尔根地区位于Cu、Ni、Co组合异常区内,Ni异常峰值133×10-6,Cu异常峰值83×10-6。成矿元素Ni、Co、Cu在角闪橄榄岩、辉石岩中呈现富集趋势。物探显示岩体具有三高一低的地球物理异常特征。矿区位于区域性的重力高值异常区内,在高重力背景下,含矿岩体表现出明显的低阻、高极化及高磁异常特征。作者指出沿强变形带中间的中部弱韧性变形带追索含矿岩体,将对扩大找矿范围具有实际意义;岩体南西部可能为含矿岩浆上升就位的主要中心,这里角闪橄榄岩相也十分发育,应为矿化富集的有利地段。     

Rosia Poieni copper deposit,Apuseni Mountains,Romania: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system

The Rosia Poieni deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are related to the Middle Miocene emplacement of a subvolcanic body, the Fundoaia microdiorite. Zonation of the alteration associated with the porphyry copper deposit is recognized from the deep and central part of the porphyritic intrusion towards shallower and outer portions. Four alteration types have been distinguished: potassic, phyllic, advanced argillic, and propylitic. Potassic alteration affects mainly the Fundoaia subvolcanic body. The andesitic host rocks are altered only in the immediate contact zone with the Fundoaia intrusion. Mg-biotite and K-feldspar are the main alteration minerals of the potassic assemblage, accompanied by ubiquitous quartz; chlorite, and anhydrite are also present. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor bornite, are associated with this alteration. Phyllic alteration has overprinted the margin of the potassic zone, and formed peripheral to it. It is characterized by the replacement of almost all early minerals by abundant quartz, phengite, illite, variable amounts of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals, minor smectite, and kaolinite. Pyrite is abundant and represents the main sulfide in this alteration zone. Advanced argillic alteration affects the upper part of the volcanic structure. The mineral assemblage comprises alunite, kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, aluminium-phosphate-sulphate minerals (woodhouseite-svanbergite series), zunyite, minamyite, pyrite, and enargite (luzonite). Alunite forms well-developed crystals. Veins with enargite (luzonite) and pyrite in a gangue of quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore, are present within and around the subvolcanic intrusion. This alteration type is partially controlled by fractures. A zonal distribution of alteration minerals is observed from the centre of fractures outwards with: (1) vuggy quartz; (2) quartz + alunite; (3) quartz + kaolinite ± alunite and, in the deeper part of the argillic zone, quartz + pyrophyllite + diaspore; (4) illite + illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals ± kaolinite ± alunite, and e) chlorite + albite + epidote. Propylitic alteration is present distal to all other alteration types and consists of chlorite, epidote, albite, and carbonates. Mineral parageneses, mineral stability fields, and alteration mineral geothermometers indicate that the different alteration assemblages are the result of changes in both fluid composition and temperature of the system. The alteration minerals reflect cooling of the hydrothermal system from >400 °C (biotite), to 300–200 °C (chlorite and illite in veinlets) and to lower temperatures of kaolinite, illite-smectite mixed layers, and smectite crystallization. Hydrothermal alteration started with an extensive potassic zone in the central part of the system that passed laterally to the propylitic zone. It was followed by phyllic overprint of the early-altered rocks. Nearly barren advanced argillic alteration subsequently superimposed the upper levels of the porphyry copper alteration zones. The close spatial association between porphyry mineralization and advanced argillic alteration suggests that they are genetically part of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system that includes a porphyry intrusion at depth and an epithermal environment of the advanced argillic type near the surface.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩浆硫化物含矿岩体岩浆演化过程探讨

金川矿床是我国最大的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,岩体主要由硫化物橄榄岩、含辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩等岩相组成。以金川Ⅱ号岩体为例,根据岩相学观察和常量元素、微量元素地球化学特征的分析,试图对岩浆上升过程中的演化分异进行深入探讨,发现金川Ⅱ号岩体岩浆结晶分异演化过程主要包括深部岩浆房中尖晶石—橄榄石的分离结晶和浅部岩浆房辉石与斜长石的结晶,而地壳物质的同化混染发生在岩浆上升的整个过程,地壳物质的同化混染是导致母岩浆中硫饱和的主要因素。该岩浆分异演化过程间接支持了汤中立提出的"深部分异-熔离,依次贯入"成矿模式。     

斜长岩体中Fe-Ti-P矿床的特征与成因

岩体型斜长岩为由90%以上斜长石组成的岩浆岩,具变压结晶的特点,仅形成于元古宙(2.1～0.9Ga),常赋存有Fe-Ti-P矿床。Fe-Ti-P矿体既呈整合层状也呈透镜状和席状等不规则形式产出;矿石类型有块状和侵染状,前者矿石矿物含量>70%,后者矿石矿物含量为20%～70%;矿物组成上,不同矿床稍有差别:部分矿床的Fe-Ti氧化物以钛磁铁矿为主、钛铁矿次之,而其他矿床则以赤钛铁矿为主、磁铁矿次之。一些矿床磷灰石含量较高,出现仅由Fe-Ti氧化物和磷灰石组成的铁钛磷灰岩。研究表明,Fe-Ti-P矿床由富Fe、Ti的岩浆演化形成,其母岩浆是在深部岩浆房中大量结晶斜长石后的残余岩浆。部分学者认为不同矿石经正常的结晶分异作用并堆晶形成,但该机制很难解释呈不规则状产出的矿石;其他学者则认为不混熔作用对矿石的富集(尤其是脉状、席状的铁钛磷灰岩)有重要作用,但该机制缺乏岩相学和地球化学方面的证据。河北大庙Fe-Ti-P矿体呈透镜状、席状等不连续地分布于斜长岩中,矿体不发育明显岩浆分层,但仍出现不同矿石的相带。依据详细的岩相学、矿体中矿物含量和成分的变化规律以及全岩地球化学特征,我们判断大庙矿床中不同矿石为堆晶矿物和晶隙流体的混合产物,它们由铁闪长质岩浆经结晶分异和堆晶作用形成,与不混熔作用关系不大。矿体不规则状产出的特点可能与岩浆动力分异作用有关,并伴随有小范围的亚固相迁移。