用于重力向下延拓的离散化方法

泊松积分通常用于把重力值从地球表面转化到大地水准面(即称之为重力向下延拓)的过程中。由于这是一个反问题，一些数字技术比如将积分离散化为一个线性方程组是必需的。目前，已经提出了两种离散化方案(单点和双重平均)。虽然这两种方案在数学上都是可解的，但用它们处理相同的输入地面重力值时，却得出不同的大地水准面上的重力值。这种差异的产生是由于对泊松核函数的不同离散化方法造成的，而且这一问题尚未引起足够的关注。实际上，数学上的可解性并不能保证得到正确的解。问题在于此方程组是否构成得很好，或者说，离散化是否合理。因而本文研究泊松积分的离散方法。为此目的，本文提出一个单点平均的方案来对泊松积分进行估值。单点平均方案基本上与双点平均方案是相同的，但它在计量上更为简单，因为其计算工作大为减少。比较单点和双点平均方案后表明，对于一个有限的地表网格范围情况，单点离散方案会带来严重的理论问题，因为会相当大地低估大地水准面上的重力值甚至在极端情况时会给出不正确的结果。我们得到，仔细构成离散方程组的系数矩阵比应用单点重力值作为输入远为重要。     

Structural Strength Analysis of a Tri-Floater Floating Foundation for Offshore VAWT

Vertical axis wind turbines(VAWTs) are advantageous for the development of large-scale offshore wind power because the drive system is located at the bottom of the turbine. This study investigates the structural strength of a tri-floater floating foundation supporting a 2.6 MW Darrieus VAWT. Finite element models of the floating foundation were developed using space plate-beam elements. The environmental loads, such as the aerodynamic loads, static wind loads, and wave-current loads, were considered. The general strengths of the floating foundation were calculated for the normal operating case(a cut-out wind speed of 25 m s~(-1) and blade rotation of 12 r min~(-1) were used to analyze the most unfavorable loads) and an extreme case(wind speed of 40 m s~(-1) and parked blades), and the weak components of the structure were analyzed. The results show that the floating foundation meets the strength requirements and the structural stress is highest when the wave, wind, and current are in a collinear direction. The main and secondary supporting bars transmit the loads between the stand columns and the tower foundation, and their stresses are higher than those in the other components. In the actual design, these supporting bars should be strengthened. The aerodynamic loads are very important and should be considered in the structural strength analysis of the floating foundation and the floating wind turbine system.     

边界元法在地下水补给量计算中的应用

本文是边界元法在地下水补给量计算中应用的一次尝试,它成功地把边界元法应用到考虑有垂向补给或排泄的实际水文地质问题中。文中详细地推导了考虑有垂向补给或排泄均质各向同性承压含水层非稳定流边界元法的计算公式,结合长春市八里堡群井开采试验的水位观测资料计算了河流边界的补给量;分析了目前边界元法在水文地质计算中出现的时间积分和面积积分问题,在这两个问题的解决上做了些改进;结合简单水文地质模型给出了边界元法的精确度。     

黄土中古土壤CaCO3淀积层及其意义

西安东郊黄土中古土壤ＣａＣＯ３和淋滤裂隙等的研究表明,使ＣａＣＯ３发生迁移的水为重力水,ＣａＣＯ３淀积层的顶界代表重力水淋溶亚带的底界,也是重力水发生突变的分界。薄膜水不具淋溶作用,也不会引起ＣａＣＯ３的淀积。由ＣａＣＯ３淀积深度可知,中更新世温湿期降水分配不均,雨季与旱季分明,增加的降水量主要集中在雨季降落;温湿期与冷干期的差别主要在雨季,旱季差异小。     

Parametric Instability Analysis of Deepwater Top-Tensioned Risers Considering Variable Tension Along the Length

Parametric instability of a riser is caused by fluctuation of its tension in time due to the heave motion of floating platform. Many studies have tackled the problem of parametric instability of a riser with constant tension. However, tension in the riser actually varies linearly from the top to the bottom due to the effect of gravity. This paper presents the parametric instability analysis of deepwater top-tensioned risers(TTR) considering the linearly varying tension along the length. Firstly, the governing equation of transverse motion of TTR under parametric excitation is established. This equation is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by using the Galerkin method. Then the parametric instability of TTR for three calculation models are investigated by applying the Floquet theory. The results show that the natural frequencies of TTR with variable tension are evidently reduced, the parametric instability zones are significantly increased and the maximum allowable amplitude of platform heave is much smaller under the same damping; The nodes and antinodes of mode shape are no longer uniformly distributed along the axial direction and the amplitude also changes with depth, which leads to coupling between the modes. The combination resonance phenomenon occurs as a result of mode coupling, which causes more serious damage.     

二维重力异常正演问题的边界单元解法

木文从引力位出发,利用格林公式导出了重力异常的边界积分表达式。运用边界单元法将边界积分离散化。采用局部单元上的坐标系交换技术,简化了数值积分运算。模型计算结果证明了方法的有效性。     

解扩散方程初边值问题的数值边界元积分方程法

在应用中(如数值天气预报等),经常需要对时空偏微分方程进行数值求解,通常大多采用有限差分计算或有限元法,虽然它们是应用得最广的数值解法(如差分方法),但也有某些局限和不足,本文提出了一种边界元积分方程法。作为示例,我们对扩散方程的初边值问题进行了基本原理和方法的讨论,其基本思想是通过积分变换,消除对时间的依赖性,再在变换空间中,用边界元法对积分后的方程进行数值处理,最后用数值逆变换以完成该问题的数值求解,本方法可对更为复杂的依赖于时间的方程进行类似处理,它具有不同于传统有限差分法和有限单元法特点的优越性,可供有关工作者解初边值问题试用和参考。     

重力数据误差对大地水准面模型建立的影响

基于Stokes理论建立的大地水准面模型,其精度受重力数据误差,即重力数据分辨率、精度以及积分范围的影响。针对这一问题,通过重力场谱特征分析,给出不同地形区域重力数据分辨率以及积分半径造成的大地水准面高频截断误差的量级大小,计算平均重力异常误差对大地水准面建模精度的影响。研究成果对不同地形区域cm级大地水准面模型的建立具有理论与指导意义。     

Analytical solution of boundary integral equations for 2-D steady linear wave problems

Based on the Fourier transform, the analytical solution of boundary integral equations formulated for the complex velocity of a 2-D steady linear surface flow is derived. It has been found that before the radiation condition is imposed, free waves appear both far upstream and downstream. In order to cancel the free waves in far upstream regions, the eigenso-lution of a specific eigenvalue, which satisfies the homogeneous boundary integral equation, is found and superposed to the analytical solution. An example, a submerged vortex, is used to demonstrate the derived analytical solution. Furthermore, an analytical approach to imposing the radiation condition in the numerical solution of boundary integral equations for 2-D steady linear wave problems is proposed.     

不同区域地震前重力变化与垂直形变关系的差异性及其可能机制

为了探讨不同区域地震前重力变化及其与地壳垂直形变关系差异性的可能机制，本文首先研究了地震前膨胀体在不同应力状态下四种性质不同的徽裂隙所引起的重力变化及其与垂直位移的关系，给出了相应的一些数值结果。分析了震源体处在不同力学和构造环境下，重力变化可能存在的差异以及唐山地震前重力变化的可能机制。研究结果表明，不同区域地震前重力变化与垂直位移关系的差异的一种可能机制是由于震源体所处的力学和构造环境不同，造成膨胀体内微裂隙破裂方式不同所引起；唐山地震前重力变化则可能是震前在震源区内丛集了大量垂直向张性微裂隙以及深部物质迁移至微裂隙中。     

The spectrum characteristics of Bohai Bay wind waves under the influence of cold waves

The wind waves generated by cold waves are some of the most dangerous waves in Bohai Bay. In this paper records of the wind waves under the influence of cold waves in November, 1968, are discussed. It is shown that the north wind is very strong in spring and winter. The frequency spectrum of the development and decline of wind waves depends mainly on the wind speed. The change of shape and scale parameters of the spectrum are discussed and the calculation equations are shown. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica.16(2): 147–155, 1985.     

Dynamic model for oil slick dispersion into a water column—A wind-driven wave tank experiment

A dynamic experiment for oil dispersion into a water column was performed with a 21 m long, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high wind-driven wave tank. At wind velocity between 6–12 m/s and with the oil slick kept constant (about 1 μm), the rate of the oil content increase in the water column could be approximated from the difference between the dispersion rate (R) of the oil slick and the coagulation rate (R′) of the dispersed oil slick. Assuming the coagulation rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the water dispersed oil slick (i. e.R′-K ^*C), the integral form of the dynamic model can be expressed asC=R ^* [1−exp(−K ^*t)]/K and parametersR andK can be regressed with a computer. The relative deviation of model results from the experimental data was mainly less than 10%. The oil slick dispersion rate (R) had exponential relationship with the wind velocity (U), and can be fitted with a formulaR=A ^* (U+1) ^B . The fitted constant of the coagulation rate,K(0.8–3.0^* 10⁻³ min⁻¹) did not have significant relationship with the wind velocity.     

重力异常反映的郯庐带中南段构造边界与应力场

为解决传统基于重力场数据一阶导数定义的总水平导数和解析信号振幅存在无法均衡深浅异常振幅的问题,应用重力全张量梯度数据,提出改进的倾斜导数地质体边界识别方法NTD_M。经模型验证,NTD_M在收敛性、抑噪性和边界识别精度方面均有提升。利用NTD_M将郯庐带中南段及邻区划分为14个边界较为清晰的构造单元,借助垂线偏差数据对郯庐带中南段的构造应力场和壳幔密度差进行反演。结果显示,二者在水平方向上存在显著差异,在空间上显著相关,构造应力最大差异值约为16 MPa,壳幔密度差约为0.2 g/cm³,构造应力等值线密集处与构造单元划分的边界以及地震分布情况对应较好。郯庐带中段最大主应力方向为NEE-EW,南段主应力方向以EW-NWW为主,总体呈EW向,与震源机制解、地应力测量和GPS反演结果具有较好的一致性。     

升降式深水网箱控制平台的尺寸设计

控制平台的宽度l与网箱主构架半径r正相关,设计时必须满足网箱框架外侧与平台的距离k大于零,其中:k=1-2+22r-h42+14l2+12r2-22rl,h4为控制平台高度,其受放置区水深h的制约,高度与水深的关系:h=h1+h2+h3+2h4+12H,h1为网衣缩结高度,h2为网衣底部重力装置高度,h3为重力装置到水底的距离,H为网箱放置区台风期预计最大波高。以“HDPE升降式圆形双浮管深水网箱”为应用实例,h=24 m,H=7 m,r=7.15 m,h1=7.0 m,h2=1.0 m,l=25 m,h4=5.0 m,在浪高5 m,风力10级的情况下,网箱系统工作正常。     

航空重力数据向下延拓的逆泊松积分算法

给出计算航空重力数据延拓的泊松积分公式,通过向上延拓评定航空重力数据的精度。基于逆泊松积分,应用快速傅里叶变换算法和迭代法求解重力异常,进行向下延拓,通过对延拓结果和地面实测数据的比较分析,评价延拓方法的精度,并讨论在向下延拓算法中引入的低通滤波器的选择。实验表明,快速傅里叶变换算法的结果较好。     

A THREE-LAYER OCEAN CIRCULATION MODEL APPLICATION TO NUMERICAL STUDIES ON THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN CIRCULATION

The formulation and justification of a three-layer baroclinic ocean model developed to simulate thegeneral circulation of the ocean are described in this paper.Test of the model in simulating the annualmean circulation patterns in the North Pacific under the prescribed atmospheric forcing,which consists ofthe climatological surface wind stress and sea surface heat flux,and comparison of the results withobservations showed that the model basically simulated the large scale features of the annual meancirculation patterns in the North Pacific Ocean such as those of the intensified western boundary currentsand the North Equatorial Currents and Undercurrents.But due to the coarse resolution of the model,some details of these currents were poorly reproduced.The seasonal variations of the North Pacific Oceancirculation driven by the seasonal mean sea surface wind stress was calculated,the different aspects of theseresults were analyzed and the main current(the intensified western boundary currents)transports we     

DYNAMIC MODEL FOR OIL SLICK DISPERSION INTO A WATER COLUMN- A WINDDRIVEN WAVETANK EXPERIMENT

A dynamic experiment for oil dispersion into a water column was performed with a 21 m long, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high wind-driven wave tank. At wind velocity between 6-12 m/s and with the oil slide kept constant (about 1 um), the rate of the oil content increase in the water column could be approximated from the difference between the dispersion rate (R) of the oil slick and the coagulation rate (R') of the dispersed oil slick. Assuming the coagulation rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the water dispersed oil slick (i. e. R' =KC),, the integral form of the dynamic model can be expressed as C=R*[1-exp(-K*t)]/K and parameters R and K can be regressed with a computer. The relative deviation of model results from the experimental data was mainly less than 10%. The oil slick dispersion rate (R) had exponential relationship with the wind velocity (V), and can be fitted with a formula R=A*(U+1)B.The fitted constant of the coagulation rate, K(0.8-3.0* 10-3 min-1) did not have significant rela     

用边界元法求解吸气罩流场

用边界元法计算吸气罩流场，将流场计算区域分为两子区域，分别推导出各子区域边界积分方程，利用边界元法进行联合求解。     

边界荷载位移反分析确定法

根据有限元法推导了由位移观测值反演确定边界荷载的反分析数学模型。３个算例的分析结果表明，良好的位移观测量可获得准确和稳定的荷载反分析值。     

弹性岩石层、区域重力异常和上地幔小尺度对流

在小尺度地幔对流模型的基础上 ,建立了顾及岩石层与地幔耦合的地幔对流模型。考虑到岩石层对上地幔小尺度对流的弹性响应 ,将上地幔视为一均匀的等粘滞系数的牛顿粘滞流体 ,其对流能量来源于下地幔 ,用热流体动力学基本方程得到的上地幔对流在壳幔边界处的垂向应力作为弹性板弯曲方程的垂直加载 ,来耦合弹性岩石层和可流动地幔。推导了两者耦合下区域重力异常和上地幔小尺度对流的相关方程 ,用以反演上地幔小尺度对流流场模式和岩石层底部拖曳力场格局。对比了有、无弹性岩石层影响的模型之间的差异 ,并对模型应用范围 ,特别是板块边界水平构造力可能产生的影响 ,作了进一步探讨。